Index S-Z Volumes 1-7

              [Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.

Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372]

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Sa (son of Misra’im), 1652
Saad, Zaki Yusef, 708, 2071
Saba, 1089, 1750
Saba, Saint, 45, 1182
Sab‘ah wa-arba‘ah, 2071
and tafsir, 2198
and Theotokion, 2255
Saba ibn Tadurus al-Hawrani (deacon), 2047
Sabas, John, collected works of, 1779
Saba Yasa, 1182, 2071
on residence of Gregory II, Patriarch, 1182
Sabbath
differing meanings for Christians and Jews, 2098—2100
Ethiopian controversy, 1050—1051
Old Testament, 1101
Saturday as, 2098
Sunday as, 2159
vigil associated with, 2308
Sabellianism, 1638, 1934, 2072
Alexander I and, 82
Anus’s opposition to, 231
Dionysius the Great and, 911
Eusebius of Caesarea’s opposition to, 1070
and hypostasis controversy, 1260
Sabellius the Libyan, 911, 1638, 1944, 2072
see also Sabellianism
Sabinus, prefect of Alexandria, 909
Sacrament, 2072
absolution and, 15
baptism, 336—338
baptism, liturgy of, 339—342
Communion, Holy, 578—579
confirmation, 585—586
Dialogue of the Savior on, 898
Eucharist, 1056—1061
and excommunication, 1079—1080
given to children, 2072
Gospel of Philip on, 1156
holy orders, 2013—2015
interdict against administering, 1299
marriage, 1542-1543
and penance, 584-585
unction of the sick, 2291—2292
see also under individual sacraments
Sacrament, reservation of the blessed, 2073
Sacramental oils. See Oils, sacramental
Sacrifice, Eucharist as, 1058—1060
Sacrificial altars, 106
Sacristy, 219
Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio. See Amplissima
Sacy, Antoine Isaac Silvestre de, 2073
Sadamant, pilgrimages to, 1974
Sadamant-Fayyum, Dayr Mar Jirjis, 831
Sadat, Anwar al-, president of Egypt, 582, 707, 756, 948-949, 1516, 1991, 2091
Saddleback roof, 220
Sadij, al-, 114
Sadiq Attallah, Mu‘allim, 1737
Sa‘dist Party, 1992—1993
Sa‘d Mikha’il ‘Abdu, 2073-2074
Sa‘d Zaghlul, 375, 1466, 1515, 1628, 2074-2075
and British occupation of Egypt, 421—422
and political thought in modern Egypt, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994
on status of Copts, 950—951
and Wissa Wassef, 2323
Safi Abu al-Fada’il ibn al-‘Assal, al-, 310—311, 1748
Safi al-Din ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Ali ibn Shukr, vizier, 1269
Safi ibn al-‘Assal, al-, 1089, 1096, 2075-2079
and Butrus ibn ‘Abd al-Sayyid, 428
on canon law, 1942, 2076
on circumcision, 1106
on Great Lent fasting, 1095
on Holy Saturday, 1247
on laying-on of hands, 1432—1433
on marriage, 1545
Nomocanon of, 1780, 1783, 2075, 2076
on offertory, 1824
works of, 1463, 1464, 2076—2079
works translated into Ethiopic, 977
and Yuhanna al-Maqsi, 2358
Sahidic dialect
Alexander’s encomium on Peter I, 1943, 1944, 1945
Cambyses Romance in, 2060
Canons, Apostolic, 451
canons, ecclesiastical, 454
inscriptions in, 1296
Life of Pachomius, 1860, 1861
magical texts, 1501
manuscripts, 1885
New Testament in, 1787—1788
in Old Testament, Coptic translations of, 1836—1838
poetry, 1986
see also Appendix
Sahlan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan, 2079-2080
Saht (Coptic textile term), 2221
Sahyun Walid (Akhmim), 1122
Sa‘id, 2080
Sa‘id, Khedive, 676, 1692—1693
Sa‘id ibn Batriq. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id
Sa‘id ibn al-Bitriq. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id
Sa‘id ibn Tufayl, 2080
Sai Island, 2080—2081
as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813
see also Nubian church organization
Saint Andrew’s Church (Jericho), 1245
Saint Catherine’s Church (Alexandria), 1123
Saint Didymus Institute for the Blind (Cairo). See Didymus Institute for the Blind
Saint Mark’s Cathedral. See Cathedral of Saint Mark
Saint Mary and Saint Mark (Paris), 1623
Saint Maurice-en-Valais (city), 1572
Saint-Paul-Girard, Louis, 2081
Saint Peter’s Bridge monastery. See Lithazomenon and Saint Peter’s Bridge
Saint Peter’s Cathedral (Rome), 1572
Saints
Ababius, 1
Abamun of Tarnut, 1
Abamun of Tukh, 1-2
Abilius, 8
Abraam I, 10
Abraham, 10-11
Abraham and George of Scetis, 12—13
Abraham of Minuf, 13-14
Achillas (monk), 56
Achillas (patriarch), 55—56
Acta Sanctorum, 56-57
Agathon, 64-65
Agathon and his brothers, 66—67
Agathon the Stylite, 68—69
Alexandra, 88
Ammonas, 113
Amun, 119
Anastasia, 125
Anatolius, 128
Anba Ruways, 128
anchorites, 129
Antony of Egypt, 149—151
Apaiule and Tolemaeus, 153
Archellides, 192
Ari, 229
Arianus, 230—23 1
Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240—241
Ascla, 283
Barsanuphius, 348
Barsum the Naked, 348-349
Basil, 351—351
Besamon, 379
Bessarion, 379
Bulus al-Habis, 424—425
Camoul, 445
canonization, 449
Cassian, John, 461—463
Celadion, 475
Claudius, 561
commemoration of, 1567
Copres, 598
Coptic hymns for, 1728
Cyriacus and Julitta, 671
Cyril I, 671—675
difnar hymns on, 900—901
Dimyanah, 903
Dioscorus I, 912—9 15
Domitius, 1576—1578
Elias of Bishwaw, 952—953
Elias of Samhud, 953
English, 418—419
Ephraem Syrus, 963
Epima, 965
Epimachus of Pelusium, 965—966
Erai, 2209
Ethiopian, 1044—1055; see also Synaxarion, Ethiopian
Euphrosyna, 1069
Eusebius, 1069—1070
Eusignius, 1071—1072
Eustathius and Theopista, 1072—1073
Exuperantius, 1082
al-Farama association, 1089
feasts, 1101
Febronia, 1109—1110
Felix, 1110
Fis, 1116
Gabra Masqal, 1047-1048
Gabriel, Archangel, appearance to, 1137
Gasecha, 1051—1052
George, 1137—1138
Giyorgis, 1051—1052
Gregory the Illuminator, 1183
Gregory of Nazianzus, 1183—1184
Gregory of Nyssa, 1184—1185
Hadra of Aswan, 1190
Hadra of Benhadab, 1190—1191
hagiographers, 1921
Hamai of Kahyor, 1203—1204
Harmina, 1209
Heraclas, 1219
Heraclides, 1220—1221
Herai, 1221
Herpaese and Julianus, 1225—1226
Hilaria, 1230—1231
Hilarion, 1232
Hop of Tukh, 1254
Hor of Abrahat, 1255
Horsiesios, 1257
Iconoclastic controversy, 1275
icons of, 1276, 1278
Ignatius of Antioch, 1281—1282
illuminated manuscript depiction of, 1283
Irish, 4 18—419
Isaac, 1304
Isaac of Tiphre, 1304—1305
Isaiah of Scetis, 1305—1306
Isidorus of Antioch, 1307
Isidorus of Scetis, 1310
Jacob, 1318
James, 1320—1321
James Intercisus, 1321
James of Scetis, 132 1—1322
Jeremiah, 1322—1323
Jerome, 1323
Jirjis al-Muzahim, 1335—1336
John, Bishop of Armant, 1353—1354
John I, 1337
John II, 1337
John III, 1337
John IV, 1338—1339
John VI, 1341—1342
John the Baptist, 1354—1356
John Chrysostom, 1357—1359
John Colobos, 1359—1361
John the Faster, 1339—1340
John Kama, 1362—1363
John of Lycopolis, 1363—1365
John of Parallos, 1367—1368
Joseph, 1370
Joseph of Bishwaw, 1371
Joseph the Carpenter, 1371— 1374
Joseph of Tsenti, 1374
Judas Cyriacus, 1377—1378
Julian, 1380
Justus, 1386—1387
Macarius, 1489
Macarius Alexandrinus, 1490
Macarius the Egyptian, 1491
Manasseh, 1518
Mark, 1528—1533
Mark II, 1533—1534
Mark III, 1534—1536
Mark the Simple, 1540—1541
Mary of Alexandria, 1560
Mary the Egyptian, 1560
Mass of the Faithful commemoration, 1567
Matthew the Poor, 157 1— 1572
Mauritius, 1572
Maximus, 1576—1578
Menas, 1589
Menas of al-Ashmunayn, 1589
Menas the Miracle Maker, 1589—1590
Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592—1594
Michael the Archangel, 1616—1619
Michael IV, 1614—1615
Misa’il, 1634
Moses the Black, 1681
Mui, 1696
Nob, Apa, 1796
Olympus, 1840
Onophrius, 1841-1842
Pachomius, 1859—1863
Paese, 1865
paintings in church, Dayr al-Baramus, 794
paintings in Main Church, Dayr Apa Jeremiah, 778, 1660
paintings in monasteries, 1660
paintings in Old Church, Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 727
Palaemon, 1876
Palamon, 1876
Pambo, 1876—1877
Pamin, 1878
Pamphilus, 1879
Panesneu, 1880
Panine and Paneu, 1880—1881
Pantaleon, 1881—1882
Paphnutius, 1882
Paphnutius the Hermit, 1882—1883
Paphnutius of Pbow, 1883—1884
Paphnutius of Scetis, 1884
Patasius, 1908
Patermuthius, 1908
Paul of Benhadab, 1922
Paul the Simple, 1923
Paul of Tamma, 1923—1925
Paul of Thebes, 1925—1926
Peter II, 1947
Peter the Presbyter, 1951
Peter of Scetis, 1951
Petronius, 1952
Phib, 1953—1954
Philotheus of Antioch, 1960—1961
Phis, 1963
Pidjimi, 1966—1967
pilgrimages to sites of, 1968—1975
Pisentius of Armant, 1978
Pisentius of Hermonthis, 1978
Pisentius of Qift, 1978—1980
Pisura, 1980
Poemen, 1983—1984
poetry on, 1985, 1986
Polycarp, 1997—1998
portraits of, 2004
Proclus, 2016
Pshoi, 2028—2029
Pshoi of Tud, 2030
Psote of Psoï, 2031—2032
Regula, 2057
Samuel of Benhadab, 2091—2092
Samu’il of Qalamun, 2092-2093
Sarapamon of Scetis, 2094—2095
Sarapion of Tmuis, 2095—2096
Severian of Jabalah, 2122
Shenufe, 2130—2131
Shenute, 2131—2133
Silvanus of Scetis, 2137
Simon I, 2138—2139
Simon II, 2139
Sophia, 2143—2144
Takia Haymanot, 1049—1050
Tecla, 1865
Ter and Erai, 2209
Theodora, 2235
Theodorus, 2237—2238
Theodorus of Alexandria, 2238
Theodorus of Pherme, 2239
Theodorus of Tabennese, 2239—2240
Theodosius I, 2241
Theognosta, 2243—2244
Theophilus, 2253—2254
Thomas, 2256
Timotheus, 2262—2263
Timothy I, 2263
Tolemaus, 2271
Ursus of Solothurn, 2292—2293
Verena, 2299—2301, 2301
Victor of Shu, 2302
Victor Stratelates, 2303—2308
Victor of Tabennese, 2308
Yusab I, 2362
Zacharias, Bishop, 2368
Zar’a Ya‘qob, 1052—1053
see also Hagiography, Coptic; Martyrs
Saints, Coptic, 2081-2087
Copto-Arabic Synaxarion list of, 2172—2190
Synaxarion list of, 2 173—2190
Synaxarion as source of knowledge of, 1044��1045
The Saints of Egypt in the Coptic Calendar (O’Leary), 1551, 2081
Sakha, 66, 2087-2088
Sakhirun of Qallin (martyr), 1558
Saklabaoth, 1618
Saklas (pagan deity), 1154
Saladin, 872, 1534—1535, 1536, 1097, 1615
see also Ayyubid Dynasty and the Copts
Salah al-Din. See Saladin
Salama I, Ethiopian prelate, 312—313, 990—991
Salama II, Ethiopian prelate, 1011—1012
Salama III, Ethiopian prelate, 1033—1036
Salama IV, Metropolitan, 1590
Salamah, Albert Barsum, 1911
Salamah Musa, 1996, 2011, 2088-2089
Salamuni, al-, pilgrimages to, 1974
Salfana. See Paul and Salfana (martyrs)
Salib (new martyr), 1558
Salib Sami, 1991
Salih ibn Qala’un, al-, Sultan, 750
Salih Salah al-Din. See Saladin
Salim, Bakhkhash, 1626
Salim ibn Yusuf al-Siba‘i al-Itfawi, 2089
Salippe, Mikarius, 2089-2090
Salome (mother of Zebedee’s children), 1117
Salvation
Gnostic Christian homily on, 898
Origen on, 1849
Samalut
Dayr Abu Bifam at, 696—697
Dayr al-‘Adhra’ at, 7 15—716
Samannud, 36, 925, 2090
Sami Gabra, 1230, 2090
Samson, 1618
Samuel, A. E., 1895
Samuel, Bishop, 1624, 2090-2091
and Cyril VI, 707
role in Coptic education, 933
and Yusab II, 2363
Samuel of Benhadab, Saint, 2086, 2091—2092, 2086
Samuel of Kalamun. See Samu’il of Qalamun, Saint
Samuel Koui (the Small), 826
Samuel the Recluse, Anba, 1504
Samu’il of Qalamun, Saint, 1216, 1362, 1448, 2092-2093
feast day, 2086
monasteries, 707, 758, 759, 845, 1130
and Takinash, 2092—2093, 2199
see also Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun
Samu’il al-Suryani, 1462
Sanabu, 2093-2094
monasteries around, 1654
Sanad, al-, 1656
Sanctuary
askinah, 288
and candelabrum, 1469
communion table, 580
in Egyptian church architecture, 220—221, 552��553
Sanctuary of Philotheus (Antioch), 893
Sanctus, 1731
Sandals and shoes, 646, 1433
Sanders, H. A., 1895
Sandstone, Coptic sculpture in, 2115
Sandstorm, 1487
Sanhira, pilgrimages to, 1974
Sanhut, Bishop of Misr, 760— 761
Sani Abu al-Majd Butrus ibn al-Muhadhdhib Abu al-Faraj, al-, 1085
Sanquriyyah, al-, pilgrimages to, 1974
Sansno, Saint, 2087
Sanutios. See Shute I, Saint
Saqqara
and Coptic scupture in stone, 2112, 2115, 2116
Dayr Apa Jeremiah in, 772, 773, 776—777, 1659, 1660
decorations of monastery cells at, 525, 555, 556
inscriptions found at, 1293, 1294, 1295
monastery mural painting, 1873, 1874
pilgrims and travelers to, 1976
remains and representations of Coptic clothing. See Costume, civil
Sara, Saint, 2087, 2094
Sarabaïtes (free monks), 702
Sarabam. See Dayr Abu Sarabam
Saragossa, Council of, on regulations for nuns, 1822
Sarah. See Bahnam and Sarah (martyrs); Benam and Sarah
(martyrs); Moses and Sarah (martyrs)
Sarah and her children (martyrs), 1558
Sarapamon, Bishop of Beheira and al-Minufiyyah, 686
Sarapamon, Bishop of Minufiyyah, 1950
Sarapamon of Nikiou, 955, 1793
Sarapamon of Scetis, Saint, 1558, 2087, 2094
Sarapion, 2094—2095
see also Serapion
Sarapion, Saint (martyr from Binusah), 1558, 2120—2121
Sarapion of Tmuis, Saint and Bishop, 1491, 2095, 2095-2096
anaphora of, 1539
anti-Manichaeism, 1522, 2096
as disciple of Antony, Saint, 149, 2096
feast day, 2087
Sarcophagus, wooden, 2330—2331
Sardica, Council of (351), 1089
Sarjiyus, Malati, 1465, 1466, 2096-2097
conflict with Yusab II, Patriarch, 2011, 2097, 2363
Sarmata. See Pamun and Sarmata (martyrs)
Sarraj al-Warraq, al-, 1085
Sasht (Coptic textile term), 2221
Sassanid Empire. See Persians in Egypt
Sassanid influences on Coptic art, 2097-2098
Sasso, François, Father, 1330
Satan
and Antichrist, 143
Gabriel, Archangel, power over, 1136
Gregory of Nazianzus on sin of, 1184
Michael, Archangel, power over, 1617, 1618—1619
Raphael, Archangel, power over, 2053
see also Demons; Devil
Saturday, 1901, 2098-2100
Holy Saturday, 1247—1249
Saturn (pagan deity), 1617
Sauneron, Serge, 2100
Savery Codex. See Crosby Schøyen Codex
Savoyards, 1572
Sawadah
Dayr Apa Hor at, 770—771
pilgrimages to, 1974
Sawam‘ah Sharq, al-, Dayr Anba Bakhum, 730—73 1
Sawiros, Ethiopian prelate, 1005—1006
Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘, 19, 21, 1573, 2100-2102
Abraham, Saint and Patriarch and, 11
on al-Afrajun, 64
and Alexander’s encomium on Peter I, 1943, 1944
on the Arab conquest of Egypt, 183— 189
and Bashmuric revolts, 350
and blessings, 404
and Book of Epact, 410
collected works of, 1779
on the Crusades, 664—665
al-Durr al-Thamin, 926
and Egyptian conscription of Christian sailors, 2286
and History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1239
and John of Shmun, 1369
on Primus, 2016
on Saturdays during Lent, 2099
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247
and the Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258—2259
and al-Wadih ibn Raja’, 2311
works by, 1460, 1461, 1779
and Yuhanna, 2356
Sayce, Archibald Henry, 856, 1090, 2102
Sayfayn, Abu. See Dayr Abu Sayfayn; Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint
Sayyid, Ahmad Lutfi, al-, 1994, 1995, 1996
Sayyid, Mikha’il ‘Abd, al-, 1995, 2010
Scala magna (Kircher), 1415, 1267, 1748
Scarves, 643—644
Scenas Mandras, castrum of, 465
Scetis, 113, 120, 2102—2106
Abraham and George of, Saints, 12—13
Agathon of Alexandria and monastic cell construction, 65
Amun, Saint, and, 119
Apophthegmata patrum on monks of, 177—178
Arsenius, Saint, 240—241
Bedouin plunder of, 1534
Bessarion, Saint, of, 379
Cassian, John, on monks of, 462—463
and Damanhur bishopric, 687
Damian as monk at, 688
Daniel of, 1648
Daniel, Saint, of, 692
Dayr Abu Musa al-’Aswad, 708
Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 720, 722
Dayr Anba Bishoi, 734—736
Dayr Anba Helias, 747—748
Dayr Anba Maqar, 748—756
Dayr Apa Anub, 770
Dayr al-Arman, 782
Dayr al-Baramus, 789—794
Dayr al-Suryan in, 876—881
Dayr Yuhannis Kama at, 883
Ewostatewos, Ethiopian saint, of, 1050—1051
forty-nine martyrs of. See Forty-nine martyrs of Scetis
Gabriel I, Saint and Patriarch in monastaries of, 1127
Hilaria, Saint, at, 1230—1231
Isaiah the Hermit at, 1305—1306
Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud link with, 1316
John Colobos at, 1360
John Colobos and Bishoi flight from, 701, 795
John Kama of, 1362
and Kellia site location, 1397, 1401
Krajon and Amun martyrdom at, 1419
as laura of hermitages, 1224—1225
Macarius Alexandrinus in, 1490
Macarius the Egyptian in, 1491
monasteries, 707, 714, 727, 835, 841, 1658, 1659
monastery libraries, 1449
monastic life, 1662
monastic population, 1663
monks and anthropomorphism, 143
Moses the Black in, 707, 708
and Nitria monastery, 1794—1796
Palladius at, 1877
papyrus discoveries, 1900
parekklesia, 1903
Peter of, 1951
Poemen and brothers as monks at, 1983, 1984
Pshoi of, 2029—2030
recluses in, 2055
Rufinus history of hermits of, 2068
Samu’l of Qalamun expulsion from, 2092
Silvanus of, 2137
Theodorus of Pherme of, 2239
Theophilus, Patriarch, and monks of, 2247, 2249—2250
travel reports of monasteries, 1977
al-Wadih ibn Raja’ in, 2311
Zacharias, Saint, in, 2368
Scevophilacion. See Pastophorium
Schäfer, Heinrich, 2106
Schema. See Bishop, consecration of
Schermann, Theodor, 2106
Schiller, A. Arthur, 1895, 1438, 2106
Schism. See Acacian schism; Chalcedon, Council of; Donatism;
Melitian schism
Schmidt, Carl, 1149, 1899, 2106-2107
Scholarios, 1114
Scholars
‘Abd al-Masih al-Isra’ili al-Raqqi, 5-7
‘Abd al-Masih Salib al-Masu‘di, 7
Acta sanctorum, 56—57
Amélineau, Emile Clement, 112
Assemani family, 289
Bachatly, Charles, 323
Bajuri, Shaykh Ibrahim, al-, 330—331
Balestri, Giuseppe, 332
Bardenhewer, Otto, 345
Barns, John Wintour Baldwin, 347
Basset, René, 360
Bell, Harold Idris, 374
Bilabel, Friedrich, 390—39 1
Bodmer, Martin, 404—405
Boeser, Pieter Adriaan Art, 405
Borgia, Stefano, 412
Bourguet, Pierre du, S. J., 414
Bouriant, Urbain, 414—415
Breccia, A. Evaristo, 416
Brightman, Frank Edward, 416
Bruce, James, 422
Brugsch, Heinrich Ferdinand Karl, 422
Budge, Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis, 422—423
Burmester, Oswald Hugh Edward, 427
Burkitt, Francis Crawford, 426
Butcher, Edith L., 428
Butler, Alfred Joshua, 428
Cerny, Jaroslav, 511
Champollion, Jean François, 516
Chassinat, Emile Gaston, 516—517
Chiftichi, Yuhanna, 519—520
Clédat, Jean, 561
Cramer, Maria, 656—657
Curzon, Robert, 663-665
al-Damanhuri, Shaykh Ahmad, 687
Daressy, Georges Emile Jules, 693
Daumas, Franois, 694—695
Dévaud, Eugène Victor, 895
Didymus the Blind, 900
Dominicans in Egypt, 918
Drescher, James Anthony Bede, 924
Drioton, (Chanoine) Etienne, 924
Dulaurier, Jean Paul, 925
Erichsen, Wolja, 972—973
Erman, Adolf, 973
Evelyn-White, Hugh Gerard, 1078
Evetts, Basil Thomas Alfred, 1078
Fortescue, Adrian, 1120
Galtier, Emile Joseph, 1138
Girgis Mattha, 1141
Graf, Georg, 1165
Graffin, René, 1165
Grapow, Hermann, 1165
Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, 1185
Groff, William N., 1185
Grohmann, Adolf, 1185—1186
Guidi, Ignazio, 1186—1187
Haase, Felix, 1189
Habib Jirjis, 1189
hagiography, 1191
Hall, Henry Reginald Holland, 1203
Hanna Salib Sa‘d, 1206
Hardy, Edward R., 1206
Hauser, Walter, 1210
Hebbelynck, Adolphe, 1215
Hefele, Karl Joseph, 1215
Hengstenberg, Wilhelm, 1217
Heuser, Gustav, 1227
Horner, George W., 1257
Huntington, Robert, 1260
Hyvernat, Henri Eugène Xavier Louis, 1263
Ibn Kabar, 1267—1268
Ibn Katib Qaysar, 1268
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, 1269—1270
Ibn Siba‘, Yuhanna ibn Abi Zakariyya, 1272
Ideler, Julius Ludwig, 1280
Ilyas Buqtur, 1284—1285
Iqladiyus Labib, 1302
‘Iryan Jirjis Muftah, 1302— 1303
Jablonski, Paul Ernst, 1318
Jernstedt, Peter Viktorovich, 1323
Johann Georg, 1336
Jullien, Michel Marie, 1382—1383
Junker, Hermann, 1383
Kahle, Paul Eric, 1389
Karabacek, Joseph von, 1389
Keimer, Ludwig, 1396
Kenyon, Frederic George, 1410
Kircher, Athanasius, 1415
Krall, Jakob, 1419
Kuentz, Charles, 1419
Kühnel, Ernst, 1419—1420
Labib Habachi, 1423
Labib, Subhi Yanni, 1423
Lacau, Pierre, 1424
Lanormant, Charles, 1440
Lefort, Louis Théophile, 1437
Legrain, Georges, 1439
Leipoldt, Johannes, 1439
Lemm, Oskar Eduardovich Von, 1439
Lepsius, Karl Richard, 1444
Le Quien, Michel, 1444
Leroy, Jules, 1444
Letronne, Jean Antoine, 1444—1445
Lucian of Antioch, 1484
Malinine, Michel, 1516
Mallon, Marie Alexis, 1516
Marcel, Jean-Joseph, 1526
Marucchi, Orazio, 1559
Maspero, Gaston, 1561
Maspero, Jean (Jacques), 1561— 1562
Michalowski, Kazimierz, 1620
Miedema, Rein, 1620
Migne, Jacques-Paul, 1620
Monneret de Villard, Ugo, 1668—1669
Morenz, Siegfried, 1678
Muhammad Ramzi, 1695
al-Muhdi, Muhammad, 1695—1696
Munier, Adolphe Henri, 1698
Murad Kamil, 1698—1699
Murray, Margaret Alice, 1700—1701
musicologists, 1741—1742, 1743—1744
Muyser, Jacob Louis Lambert, 1749
Nau, François-Nicolas, 1783
Obicini, Thomas, 1823
Oriens Christianus, 1845
Palanque, (Henri Amedée) Charles, 1876
papyrologists, 1888—1889
Parthey, Gustav Friedrich Constantin, 1903
patristics, 1920—1921
Peeters, Paul, 1929
Peiresc, Nicolas Claude de Fabri, 1929
Pellegrini, Astorre, 1931
Petersen, Theodore, 1951
Petraeus, Theodor, 1951
Peyron, Amedeo Angelomaria, 1952
Piankoff, Alexandre, 1966
Piehl, Karl Fredrik, 1967
Porcher, Ernest, 2000—2001
prosopography use by, 2021—2022
Puech, Henri-Charles, 2032—2033
Quibell, James Edward, 2040
Qustantin ibn Abi al-Ma‘ali ibn Abi al-Fath Abu al-Fath, 2046—2047
Ramshausen, Franciscus Wilhelm von, 2052
Ranke, Hermann, 2052
Rémondon, Rogert, 2057
Renaudin, Paul, 2057
Renaudot, Eusebe, 2057
Revillout, Charles Eugene, 2058
Ricci, Seymour Montefiore Robert Rosso de, 2059
Rösch, Friedrich, 2067
Rossi, Francesco, 2067
Rückert, Friedrich, 2067
Rufa’il al-Tukhi, 2067—2068
Rufinus, 2068—2069
Saad, Zaki Yusef, 2071
Sacy, Antoine Isaac Silvestre de, 2073
Sauneron, Serge, 2100
Sayce, Archibald Henery, 2102
Schäfer, Heinrich, 2106
Schermann, Theodor, 2106
Schiller, A. Arthur, 2106
Schmidt, Carl, 2106—2107
Scholtz, Christian, 2107
Schubart, Wilhelm, 2107
Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf, 2107
Sethe, Kurt Heinrich, 2121
Seyffarth, Gustavus, 2125
Sicard, Claude, 2136—2137
Simon, Jean, 2140
Spiegelberg, Wilhelm, 1245
Stegemann, Viktor, 2148
Steindorff, Georg, 2148
Steinwenter, Artur, 2149
Stern, Ludwig, 2155—2156, 2155—2156
Strothmann, Rudolph, 2156
Strzygowski, Josef, 2156
Tattam, Henry, 2202
Teza, Emilio, 2230
Thompson, Henry Francis Herbert, 2257
Till, Walter Curt Franz Theodor Karl Alois, 2261
Tischendorf, Konstantin von, 2269
Tisserant, Eugne, 2270
Turaev, Boris Alexandrovitch, 2282
Van Lantschoot, Arnold, 2298
Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 2299
Villecourt, Louis, 2308
Wessely, Carl Franz Joseph, 2321
Whittemore, Thomas, 2321
Wiesmann, Hermann, 2321
Wiet, Gaston, 2321
Wilcken, Ulrich, 2322
Wilke, David, 2322
Woide, Charles Godfrey, 2324
Worrell, William Hoyt, 2348
Wüstenfeld, Ferdinand, 2348
Ya‘qub Nakhlah Rufaylah, 2353
Yassa ‘Abd al-Masih, 2353
Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364-2365
Zoega, Georg (Jorgen), 2371
see also Coptological studies; Historians; Philosophers; Theologians
Scholtz, Christian, 1424, 2107
School of Alexandria. See Catechetical School of Alexandria
Schools, Coptic. See Education, Coptic; specific institutions
Schubart, Wilhelm, 2107
Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf, 1424, 2107
Schweinfurth, G., 1396
Screen. See Cancelli
Screens, wooden, 2334, 2335
Scribes
Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib, 33—34
accounting, 52—54
Caraccioli, Clement, 461
from Durunkah, 927
pen cases, 1933
Yuhanna, 2356
see also Manuscripts; Scriptorium
Scriptores historiae Augustae, 904
Scriptorium, 577, 2108
role in Coptic education, 931—932
see also Manuscripts
Scripture, canon of the, 2108-2111
see also Bible; New Testament; Old Testament
Scrofula, 771, 1975
Sculpture, 266—267, 271—272
at Ahnas, 74—76, 2112, 2116
Arab conquest impact on, 275—276
at al-Ashmunayn, 74, 287-288
at Bawit, 74, 374, 66
figurines, 1607
in Louvre Museum, 1483
portraiture, Coptic, 2006
preservation of, 280
at Saqqara, 74
in State Museum of Berlin, 2146—2147
statuary, 2147—2148
stone relief of Shenute, 2132
of the Virgin Enthroned, 543—544
in woodworking, 2327
see also Architectural sculpture; Christian subjects in Coptic art;
Metalwork, Coptic; Sculpture in stone
Sculpture in stone, Coptic, 2112—2117, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2149
see also Architectural sculpture; Sculpture; Statuary; Stela
“Seal of the Martyrs” (Peter I), 81
Seals
rings, 1607
wooden, 2334, 2335—2336
see also Ceramics, Coptic; Stamps
Seasons
Coptic calendar and liturgy for, 443-444
depicted in Coptic art, 1767
Shamm al-Nasim spring festival, 2126
Sebaste, martyrdoms at, 1558, 1593
Second Coming
and orientation toward the East, 1846
Origen on, 1850
see also Judgment, Last
Second Henoticon of 571, 1676
Second Treatise of the Great Seth, 2117—2118
and Gospel of the Egyptians, 1154
Secret Gospel of Saint Mark, 2118—21 19
Carpocrates and, 461
Secret History (Procopius), 2019, 2020
Secundus, Bishop of Tigisis, 84, 920
See of Saint Mark. See Alexandria; Patriarchs of the See of Saint Mark
Sehma, Ethiopian saint, 1047
Semi-Arians, 2119
Sem‘on, Ethiopian prelate, 1021—1022
Senouthios. See Shenute
Sent. See Isna
Sentences of Menandros, 2119
Sentences of Sextus, 2119-2120
Septimius Severus, Emperor, 1179, 1180, 1868
and Alexandria, 97
patriarch under, 1914
persecutions under, 892, 1846, 1936
visits to Egypt, 2062, 2066
Septuagint, 1865, 1867
Serapeum (Alexandria), 31—32, 100, 101, 134, 1869—1870, 2065, 2248
destruction of, 946
Seraphim. See Cherubim and seraphim
Serapion. See Sarapion, Saint
Serapion of Antioch, Bishop, 917
Serapion Sindonita. See Sarapion
Serapis (pagan deity), 1531, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1936
popularity in Canopus, 31
Roman emperors’ veneration of, 2062, 2063
see also Serapeum (Alexandria)
Sergius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1666, 1667
Sergius of Atrib (martyr), 1558
Sergius and Bacchus (martyrs), 1558
The Services of the Deacon (ritual book), 1729. 1737
Seth (pagan deity), 1154, 1503, 1761
Seth (son of Adam), 1154, 1503
see also Sethianism
Seth, Apa, 763, 2121
Sethe, Kurt Heinrich, 2121
Sethianism, 1154, 1222, 2117—2118, 2259—2260
Seti I, temple of at Abydos, 39—40, 41
Settlements. See Excavations; Toponymy, Coptic; Towns and settlements; specific names
Seven Ascetics of Tunah, 2122
Seven Smaller Intercessions, 1567
Severan dynasty, 2062—2063
Severian of Jabalah (Gabala), Saint, 1138, 2122-2123
feast day, 2087
homily on Gabriel, Archangel, 1136
homily on Michael, Archangel, 1619
and Nestorian influence on Cosmas Indicopleustes, 640
Severians. See Severus; Theodosians
Severianus. See Severian of Jabalah (Gabala), Saint
Severus (martyr), 892
Severus, Emperor. See Septimius Severus, Emperor
Severus Alexander, Emperor, 2063
Severus of Antioch, 592, 732, 876, 1455, 1931, 2123—2125
and Acacian schism, 44, 45, 55; see also subheads Christological dispute; monophysitism
Athanasius of Antioch biography of, 304
in the Christian Topography, 640
Christological dispute with Julian of Halicarnassus, 70, 1379, 2125
Coptic texts on, 304, 1455
and Dioscorus II, Patriarch, 45—46, 915
doctrinal position, 734
Encomia, 1193, 1196
and Eutyches, 1075
and Flavius Apion, 155
hymn ascribed to, 1733
on Isidorus of Pelusium, 1308
and John II, Patriarch, 1337
and Justin I, Emperor, 1383
on Michael, Archangel, 1618
and monophysitism, 734, 1442, 1672—1673, 1674, 1675, 2263
Moses of Abydos prophecy on, 1679—1680
and Oktokaidekaton monastery, 1826—1827
on Philotheus, Saint, 1961
portraits of, 726
relics and shrine of, 95, 1976
and Scetis monks, 2104
and Theodosius I, Patriarch, 2241
and Timothy III, Patriarch, 2268
see also Dayr Anba Sawirus
Severus of al-Ashmnayn. See Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘
Sextus, sentences of, 2119—2120
Seyffarth, Gustavus, 2125
Shabehmot, 2126
Shadrach, 1092
Shaft. See Column
Shahran. See Dayr Shahran
Shalan ibn ‘Uthman, Abu al-Hasan, 1395
Shamlah. See Taylasan
Shamm al-Nasim, 2126
Shams al-Din, 21b26-2127
plan of church at, 2127
Shamul (martyr), 1558
Shanasha, 1209, 2127-2128
Shapur, King of Persia, 14, 1519, 1558
Shapurakan (Mani), 1521
Shaqalqil, pilgrimages to, 1974
Shaqq al-haykal, niches, 216, 221
Sharaf al-Din Hibat-Allah ibn Sa‘id al-Fa’izi, 1517
Sharah (Sharat). See Theotokion
Shard. See Ostracon
Sharqiyyah Province, monasteries in, 1655—1656
Sharunah, 2128
Shata, 1649
Shats. See Khandaq, al-
Shawar (Muslim governor), 2043—2044
Shaw, George Bernard, 1996, 2088
Shawls, 642—643
linen and tapestry, 2223
Shawl of Sabine, 1754, 1755
Shaykh ‘Abadah. See Antinoopolis; Hafn
Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qurnah, 1078, 2128, 2129
monastery explored by Evelyn-White, Hugh Gerard, 1078
tombs used as hermitages, 1225
see also Dayr Epiphanius
Shaykh Abu al-Barakat ibn Abi Sa‘id, al-, 1535
Shaykh Hasan, al-, 2129
Shaykh al-Islam. See Bajuri, Shaykh Ibrahim, al-
Shaykh Sa‘id, al-, 2130
Shekenda, King, 1514
Shem (son of Noah), 1901—1902
Paraphrase of, 166
Sheneset, 1859, 1860
Shen-hin. See Lecanoscopy
Shenouda III, Patriarch, 2130
collected works of, 1782
consecration of Beirut, Lebanon, church, 1621
and Coptic Community Council, 582
and Coptic relations with Rome, 611
and Coptic youth movements, 2355
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Dayr al-Suryan, 879
on divorce, 1943
establishment of Coptic eparchy in France, 1623
and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 982
on funerary customs, 1125
on Mark, Saint, 1529
on patriarchal election, 1911
and personal status laws, 1942
and Rabitat al-Quds, 2049
reestablishment of See of Pentapolis, 1613
selection method, 1999
Shenoute. See Shenute
Shenufe, Saint, 307, 1526, 1558, 1585—1587, 2130—2131
Shenute (fourteenth-century scribe), 927
Shenute (seventh-century “new martyr”), 1558
Shenute I, Patriarch, 1527, 2133—2135
and al-Balyana, 333
and al-Batanun, 361
condemnation of cheirotonia, 517
dates of patriarchy, 1916
and destruction of Tall Atrib, 2200
feast day, 2087
and monastery wall construction, 750, 1237
Sawirus biography of, 1461
successor, 1412—1413
and Yuhanna as scribe and biographer, 2356
Shenute II, Patriarch, 2135
and Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550
Damru residence, 689
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and al-Faram bishopric, 1089—1090
selection method, 1999
Shenute, Saint, 2131—2133, 2132
and Abu Bishai, 738
antipaganism, 1868, 1870
as archimandrite, 193, 378
on birth of Moses of Abydos, 1679, 1680
and convents, 1663, 1822
Coptic texts of, 1452—1453, 1456
Dayr Abu Sayfayn church dedicated to, 710
depicted in Coptic art, 538—540, 727, 2132
as desert father, 894
feast day, 2087
and Greek philosophy, 1958
Grohmann’s studies of, 1186
and John of Lycopolis, 1365
and Joseph, Saint, 1370
life of, 737, 762, 781
and medicine, 1886
monasteries of, 729, 1661
and monastery libraries, 1448
on mourning, 1686
and Nestorius, 1787
numbers of monks under, 1662—1663
and Pachomian monasticism, 1453, 1664
and Physiologos, 1966
and Pidjimi, Saint, 1966-1967, 2086
on pilgrimage abuses, 1968
pilgrimages to burial site of, 1969—1970
Pjol and, 1974, 1981
poetry on, 1985, 1986
prophecy of, 707, 1679
and Pshoi, Saint, 2029
relics, 764
on the Resurrection, 1697
and Seth, 2121
and Thomas, Saint, 2256
and Victor of Tabennese, 2308
writings in Coptic language, 1168
and Zenobios, 2371
see also Dayr Anba Shinudah
Shenutean idiom. See Appendix
Shenute the Archimandrite. See Shenute, Saint
Shenute of Bahnasa (martyr), 1558
Shenute of Hermopolis (seventh-century notary), archive of, 226
Shenuti (recluse), 1648
Sheol. See Afterlife
The Shepherd of Hermas, 62, 63, 898, 1223
Shewa, 1590
Shibab al-Din Ahmad Nuwayri, 2136
Shihat, 377, 1135
Shinshif. See Naj‘ al-Shinshifi
Shinudah, Anba. See Dayr Anba Shinudah; Shenute, Saint
Shipbuilding centers, Alexandria, 89
Shirkuh. See Ghuzz
Shirt. See Liturgical vestments
Shoes. See Sandals and shoes
A Short History of the Copts and Their Church (Maqrizi), 1525
Shotep. See Shutb
Shtit (Coptic textile term), 2221
Shube (martyr), 1558
Shubra Nabat (Shubra Damru) (village), 689—690
Shukrallah Jirjis, 2136
Shukri, ‘Abd al-Rahman, 1466
Shumayyil, Shibli, 1996
Shutb, 797, 2136
Shute I, Saint, 2087
Shuttle. See Textiles, Coptic, manufacturing techniques
Sibirbay, 1969, 2136
Sibylla, 1136, 1867
Sibylline Oracles, 899, 1867
Sicard, Claude, 1330, 1977, 2136-2137
on Antinoopolis, 145
on Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722
on Dayr Anb Bakhum, 729—730
on Dayr al-Baramus, 791
on Dayr al-Jabrawi
on Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 825
Sicily, 182, 1099
Sickness. See Communion of the sick; Healings in Coptic literature;
Medicine; Unction of the sick
Sidarus, Gabriel, 1206, 2137
Siderius, Bishop of Palaebisca and Hydrax, 1612
Sidfa, pilgrimages to, 1974
Sidhom Bishay (new martyr), 1558
Sidon, Council of (511), 1962
Sidqi Pasha, Isma‘il, 1992
Sign of the Cross. See Holy Cross Day
Sign of life, Egyptian. See Ankh
Silk, used in Coptic textiles, 22 12—2213, 2213—2214
Silko, King, 1171
Silvanus, Teachings of. See Teachings of Silvanus
Silvanus of Scetis, Saint, 1733, 2087, 2137, 2369
Silver, 576, 1599
Simaikah, Marcos. See Murqus Simaykah
Sim‘an ibn Abi Nasr al-Tamada’i, 2138
Simeon (new martyr), 1558
Simeon, Saint, 745, 1633, 1778, 2087
see also Dayr Anba Hadra
Simeon the Armenian (martyr), 1558
Simeon the elder, 1106—1107
Simeon the Potter of Geshir, Theotokia melodies ascribed to, 1726—1727
Simeonstift Coptic Collection. See Museums, Coptic collections
Simeon the Stylite. See Pseudo-Macarius, homilies of; Simeon, Saint
Simon, Apostle and Saint, 57 \
Simon, Jean, 2140
Simon I, Saint and Patriarch, 20, 85, 93, 2138—2139
and bishops of Nikiou, 1794
dates of patriarchy, 1915
feast day, 2087
as monk at the Enaton, 958
and ordination of Zacharias as bishop, 2368
Simon II, Saint and Patriarch, 2139
dates of patriarchy, 1916
feast day, 2087
and Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001
Yuhanna as biographer, 2356
Simon the Mad, Saint, collected miracles of, 1783
Simon Simeionis, 1977
Simony. See Cheirotonia
Simon the Zealot, Saint, relics, 764
Simplicius, Pope (Rome), 42, 43, 1218, 1671
Simyen Mountains, 1425
Sin. See Absolution; Atonement; Confession and penitence; Original
sin; Penance
Sina (martyr), 1089, 1558
Sinai Peninsula
Christian pilgrimages and travelers in, 1976
Pharan oasis, 1952—1953
Raithou, 2049—2050
on route of flight into Egypt, 1118
Sinan Pasha, 1134
Sinbillawayn, al-, 1648
Singing. See Cantors; Chant; Choral singing; Hymns; Music, Coptic
Sinhira. See Pilgrimages
Sinhut, Bishop of Misr, 1615
Sinjar, 1722, 2140
Sinoda, Ethiopian prelate, 1025— 1026
Sinuthius, Saint, monastery of. See Dayr Anba Shinudah
Siricus, Pope, 2249
Sirmium, Council of (359), 1089
Sirri, Husayn, 1990
Siryaqus
Dayr Apa Hor, 77 1—772
pilgrimages to, 1974—1975
Sisinnius, Saint, paintings of, 727
Sisoes, Abba, 758, 2141
Sistrum (musical instrument), 1740, 1740
Siti, King of Dotawo, 922
Sitt Dimyanah. See Dayr Sitt Dimyanah
Sitt al-Mulk, 18, 1097, 1098, 1201
Sitt Rifqah, 1971
Siwa (oasis), 1659, 2141
Sixtus III, Pope, 1440
Siyar al-Bi‘ah al-Muqaddasah. See History of the Patriarchs of
Alexandria
Skin diseases, 1579—1580
Skins. See Hides and skins
Slaves, Nubian in Egypt, 1099
Sleep, prayer of. See Compline
Sleeves, 1477—1478
Slippers, 1478
Smaller Church in the Febrius (Pharos island), 93
Smith, Morton, 2118, 2119
Smyrna
martyrs, 1997—1998
sacrifice to Roman gods at, 890
Sne. See Isna
Snuffer, 1598
Soba, 2141-2142
as capital of the Nubian
kingdom of ‘Alwa, 110, 111, 1797
as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813
and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804
Socialism, 1996, 2088—2089
Socialist Action Party, 1991
Socialist Party, 1996
Socialist Union, 1991
Société d’archéologie copte. See Society of Coptic Archaeology
Société française des fouilles archéologiques, 1482
Société royale de géographie de l’Egypte, 1698
Society of the Bollandists. See Bollandists
Society of Coptic Archaeology (Cairo), 1700, 1891, 1892, 2142
and Bachatly, Charles, 323
and excavation of Dayr Apa Phoibammon, 779
and Omar Toussoun, 1841 \
and Sami Gabra, 2090
Society of Jesus. See Jesuits and the Coptic Church
Socks, 646
Socrates (church historian), 2068, 2142
on Athanasius I, 298
on feast of the Ascension, 1105
on Gallus Caesar’s vision of the Holy Cross, 1244
on Helena, Empress, discovery of Holy Cross of Christ, 1243
on Jovian, Emperor, 1376
and Sozomen, 2145
supplemented by Theodoret, 2236
on Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2248, 2250, 2252
Soknopaiou Nesos, 1390
Soldier—martyrs, 1964
Sol Invictus (pagan deity), 1617
Sollerius, Jean Baptiste, 1330
Solomon (Old Testament)
as author of Physiologos, 1966
and guardian angel concept, 1186
poetry on, 1985, 1986
Psalms of, 166
Solomon, King of Nubia, 1099
Solon (anchorite), 1650
Son of Grace, Ethiopian doctrinal conflict, 1033
Songs, nonliturgical, 1744
Songs of Isis and Nephthys, 1732
Song of the Three Young Men in the Furnace, 4
Sophia (gnosticism), 1148, 1150, 1151, 1156
Sophia (martyr and mother of Eudamon and Epistamon), 1558
Sophia (wife of Christian governor of Antioch), 1307
Sophia, Empress (Justin II), 1384, 1676
Sophia, Saint, 2143-2144
compared with Hilaria, Saint, 1231
feast day, 1558
relics, 95, 783
The Sopha of Jesus Christ. See Eugnostos the Blessed and the
Sophia of Jesus Christ
Sophronius, 1467, 1560, 1666, 1676, 1667, 1678
Sossianus Hierocles, 907, 1937, 2009
Soul
Authentikos Logos on, 309
exegisis on the, 1080—1081
preexistence, Ethiopian controversy, 985—986
preexistence, creed of, 900, 2118
see also Sophia (gnosticism)
Souros, 635, 2144
Soviet Union. See Russia; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Sozomen, 2068, 2145
on Athanasius I, 298
on Eucharistic fast, 1063
on flight into Egypt, 841
on Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1316
on Mareotis monks, 1527
on Temple of Serapis, 134
and Theodoret, 2236
on Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247
and Timothy I, Patriarch, 2263
Sozousa, 1934
Spain, papyrus collection, 1895
Spells. See Magic
Speos Artemidos. See Bani Hasan and Speos Artemidos
Sphinx, 2065
Spiegelberg, Wilhelm, 2145
Spindles and spindle whorls, wooden, 2335, 2336
Spinning, in manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2213—2214
Spirit. See Holy Spirit
Spiritual Homilies, 1491
Spoon
Coptic metalwork, 1603
as Eucharistic vessel, 1065—1066
Sprang, used in manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2218
Spring
Shamm al-Nasim feast, 2126
see also Easter; Pascha
Springs. See Water supply
Staatliches Museum (Berlin), 2060
Stack, Sir Lee, 1990
Staff, pastoral. See Liturgical insignia
Stamps
terra-cotta, 498—499
wooden bread, State Museum of Berlin collection of, 2147
State Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, USSR, 1601, 1895
State Library, Berlin, 1892
State Museum of Berlin, 74, 2146-2147
papyrus collection, 1893, 1899
pen cases at, 1933
State of the Provinces, on Dayr Abu Maqrufah, 704
State and University Library, Hamburg, Germany, 1893
State and University Library of Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany, 1893
Statuary, 2147—2148, 2148
military, 649—650, 649, 2147—2148
see also Ceramics, Coptic; Sculpture in stone
Stefanski, E., 2022
Stegemann, Viktor, 2148
Steindorif, Georg, 405, 780, 973, 1165, 2148
Steiner, Rudolf, 1149
Steinwenter, Arthur, 902, 1438, 2149
Stela, 2149-2152, 2149—2152, 2161
at al-Duwayr, 928
Epimachus of Pelusium, 965—966
inscriptions, 1293
in Louvre Museum, 1483
symbols, 2161—2162
wood, 2335—2336
see also Tombs
Stephanite. See Estifanosites
Stephanos of Ahnasyah, Bishop, illuminated manuscript, 1282
Stephanus (architect), 1682
Stephen, Saint, 2153
churches dedicated to, 1870
as deacon, 885
depicted in Coptic art, 869
feast day, 2087
martyrdom, 1558
Stephen of Hnes, Bishop, 1455, 2154
Stephen the Theban, 2154—2155
Stephen the Younger, Saint (martyr), 1275
Stern, Ludwig, 2155-2156
Steward. See Oikonomos
Stewart, Randall, 1891
Sticharion, 1478—1479, 1478
Stippourgós (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Stoicism, 512, 1148, 1957
Stone. See Sculpture in stone, Coptic; specific types
Stoppers, ceramic, 499
Strabo, 95—96, 1613
Stratelates. See Theodorus Stratelates, Saint; Victor Stratelates, Saint
Strothmann, Rudolph, 2156
Strzygowski, Josef, 2156
Stucco
Coptic sculpture in, 2113
Copto-Muslim art, 1311
Subakhmimic. See Appendix
Subdeacon, 2156
in church hierarchy, 1229
Subdialects. See Appendix
Subordinationism, 2156—2157, 1484
Arianism link with, 23 1—232
Origen on, 471
Suchos (god), 1418
Sudan, 1990, 1992, 2097 \
see also Beja tribes; Nubia headings
Sudan, Catholic Copts in the, 2157-2158
Sudan, Coptic Evangelical Church in the, 2158
Sudan, Copts in the, 2158
Sudan Antiquities Service, 1588
Sudan National Museum, 1091
Suez, Franciscan church in, 1123
Suez Canal, 1636, 1637, 1692
Suhaj
Dayr Anba Bishoi, 736-740, 1654
Dayr Anba Shinudah, 761-770, 767, 1654
monasteries in region of, 884, 1650— 1651
Sullam. See Appendix
Sullam al-Kabir, al-. See Scala Magna
Sullam al-Muqaffa wa-al-Dhahab al-Musaffa, al- (Abu Ishaq), 1748
Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, 1517—1518
Summa theologiae (Abu Ishaq ibn al-‘Assal), 21, 1779
Sunbat, 2159
pilgrimages to, 1971
Sunday, 1901, 2159-2160
consecration of patriarch on, 1909
Easter, 1904, 1905
lectionary for, 1435—1436, 1437
Palm Sunday, 1103—1104
service for ordination of priest, 2013—2015
Sunday School movement, 933, 2090, 2091, 2355
Sunday of Thomas, feast of, 1108
Sunni Islam, 1097
Suq‘i Fadl Allah ibn Fakhr, al-, 2160
Surety, 1430
Suriel, Archangel, 190, 2160
Surur ibn Jirja, Archdeacon of Alexandria, 1960
Suryal. See Suriel, Archangel
Suryal, Father Salib, 1623
Susinius, Saint, 2087
Suwwah (Arabic term). See Anchorites
Swinburne, Thomas de, 1976—1977
Swiss Reformation, 1110
Switzerland
archaeological activity in the Kellia, 1400—1406
Bibliotheca Bodmeriana (Bodmer Library), 404
Coptic churches in, 1624
Coptic collections, 1711—1712
Egyptology, 895
Mauritius, Saint, veneration, 1572
papyrus collection, 1895
sites of veneration, 1110
Theban Legion, 1082, 2231—2233
Syllabication. See Appendix
Symbols in Coptic art, 270, 293, 1259, 2160-2171, 2161-2171
alpha and omega, 2160—2163
conch shell, 2163—2164
cross, 2164—2165
dolphins, 2168—2169
eagle, 2167—2169
fish, 2170—2171
nimbus, 2171
see also Cross, Triumph of the
Symeon. See Pseudo-Macarius, homilies of, 2028
Symeon (martyr). See John and Symeon
Symmachus, Pope (Rome), 44, 45
Symphronius. See Panine
Synaxarion, Copto-Arabic, 2171-2190
authorship, 1626—1627
and lectionary, 1435
source of knowledge about saints, 1044—1045, 2173—2190
on Theotokos, 2256
translation into Ge’ez, 722
word apa in, 152
see also Hagiography, Coptic
Synaxarion, Ethiopian, 2190-2191
Syncletica, 2192
Synesius, Bishop of Ptolemais, 100, 1612, 1935, 2192, 2247
Synod, Holy, 2193—2194
and bishop’s consecration, 395
patriarchal deputies in, 1911
see also Patriarch headings
Synodicon (Damian), 1455
Synod of Diospolis, 1930
Synods, letters of, 2194
Synod of Tyre, 1962
Synoptic Gospels, 1157, 2195
see also Gospel of Saint Luke; Gospel of Saint Matthew; Gospel
of Saint Mark
Synthronon, 221—222
Syria
and Acacian schism, 45, 46
anaphora of Saint Basil, 121—123
Ignatius IX, Patriarch, consecration in Egypt, 1131
influences on Coptic art, 2195
Mark II, Patriarch, relations with, 1533, 1534
monasteries, 876, 877, 878
monasticism origins in, 1663
monastic practices in, 1662
monophysites, 547—548, 1675, 1676, 1677
and origin of Gospel of Thomas, 1163
Syriac language
inscriptions in, 1290
Philoxenus of Mabbug’s writings, 1962
Syriacos, Saint, 2087
Syrian influences on Coptic art, 2195
Syrian Orthodox church
and Jacob Baradaeus, 1318—1319
and monophysitism, 547—548, 1675, 1676, 1677
see also Jacobites
Syrian, the. See Ephraem Syrus, Saint

T_______________________

Tabennese, 1976, 2197
Pachomian monastery, 685, 1657, 1662, 1859—1860, 1973—1974
Paphnutius at, 1882
and Pbow, 1927
Victor of, Saint, 2308
women’s monastery founded at, 1663
Tabennesiotes. See Metanoia, Monastery of the; Monasticism,
Pachomian
Tab‘i, Muhammad al-, 1991
Tablet loom, for manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2216, 2216, 2217
Tableware
ceramic, 487—499
glass, 1143—1144, 1143, 1144, 1147
see also Missoria
Tacitus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914
Tadrus. See Theodorus of Tabennese, Saint
Tadrus, Ramzi, 1466
Tadrus al-Mashriqi, 2197
Tadrus Shinudah al-Manqabadi, 2197-2198
Tadrus al-Shutbi (martyr), 1974
Tafa, 2198
as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813, 2200
Tafsir, 1687, 2198—2199
Taharqa temple, 2036, 2037
Tahrir al-Mar’ah (Amin), 1994
Tahtawi, Rifa‘ah al-, 1994
Taifa. See Tafa
Taj. See Miter
Taj al-Riyasah Abu Ishaq ibn Fadlallah, 20
Takinash, 758, 2199
Takla, Abuna, The Services of the Deacon, 1729, 1737
Takla Haymanot, Ethiopian saint, 1049—1050
Takla Haymot, chapel of. See Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo)
Takritans, at Dayr al-Suryan, 876, 877
Tala‘i ibn Ruzzayj, 761
Tall al-‘Amarnah, 2199
Tall Atrib, 307, 1620, 2199-2200
Tall Brothers, 113, 916, 1357, 2249—2251
see also Ammonius; Dioscorus; Eusebius; Euthymius
Tall al-Farama. See Farama, al-
Talmis, 2200
Tambuq, 1648
Tamerlane (Timur), impact on Dayr al-Suryan, 877
Tamit, 2200—2201, 2201
example of Byzantine cross-in-square building at, 661
Tamnuh, 2201
Tamuh, Dayr al-Ahmar at, 716
Tamulawus, King (Greek island), 2253
Tamwayh, Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn at, 709—710
Tanaithis, 1657
Tanbida, 1653, 2201
Tapers, cross and, 1469
Tapestries, 264, 273, 1483
of Coptic icons, 2222—2230, 2309
Coptic weaving, 2217
dancers depicted in, 277, 2230
Harraniyyah workshops, 2051
Icon of the Virgin, 542, 543
Nilometer depicted in, 1794, 1795
Parthian horseman depicted in, 538
portraiture, 2005, 2006
State Museum of Berlin collection, 2146—2147
Triumph of the Cross, 658—659, 659
see also Symbols in Coptic art; Textiles, Coptic
Taposiris Magna. See Abusir (Tapisiris Magna)
Taqi al-Din Abu al-Baqa’ Salih ibn al-Husayn al-Ja‘fari, al-Safi ibn
al-‘Assal reply to, 2078—2079
Taranim (songs), 1744
Tarasius of Constantinople, Patriarch, 1112, 1115
Tarbu, Abu, 1507
Tarh, 1479, 1726
hos paraphrase, 1727
and sab‘ah wa-arba‘ah, 2017
and tubh, 2279
and watus, 2320
Tarikh Batarikat al-Iskandariyyah al-Qibt. See History of the
Patriarchs
Tarikh al-Kana’is wa-al-Adyurah. See Abu al-Makarim; Churches
and Monasteries of Egypt and Neighboring Countries
Tarminah (martyr), 1653
Tarnut, 1, 2202
Tarsikários (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Tartib mashat al-muluk. See Kings, anointing of
Tasempoti. See Sunbat
Tattam, Henry, 1148, 2202
Tawfiq. See Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty
Tawfiq Coptic Society, 374, 933, 1465, 2198
Tawqi‘at al-Musiqiyyah li-Maraddat al-Kanisah al-Murqusiyyah,
al-(Ghubriyal), 1743
Taxation
accounting, 50, 52
apostolic canons on, 453
Arab conquest of Egypt and, 72, 85—86, 185, 1430
Blemmyes, 228
in Byzantine period in Alexandria, 98
of Dayr Anba Maqar, 749-750
of dhimmis, 72
by French in Egypt, 1417
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah on, 1269
and islamization of Egypt, 937—938
land and communal property (kharaj), 72, 85—86, 87, 189, 636,
656, 1413—1414, 2093, 2134—2135
Mamluk dynasty, 1517
of monasteries, 1643
Moses of Awsim resistance to, 1679
mubashirun (officials), 1687— 1688
pagarch role in, 1871—1872
poll (jizyah), 72, 85—87, 187, 189, 303, 622, 636, 656, 665, 2134—2135
Roman. See Taxation in Roman Egypt
and Shenute I, 2134—2135
Umayyad administration, 2287—2288
Taxation in Roman Egypt, 98, 237—238, 904, 905, 945, 2009, 2202-2206
annona civica, 135
annona militaris, 135—136; see also Army: Roman
boule, 414
Tayaban (martyr), 1553
Taylasan, 1479
Tbow, 2207
Petronius’s founding of monastery at, 1952
The Teaching of the Apostles. See Didache
Teachings of Silvanus, 2207-2208
Tebtunis. See Monasteries of the Fayyum; Umm al-Barakat
Tebtynis. See Umm al-Barakat
Tecla, Saint. See Paese and Tecla, Saints
Television, 1088
Tell Idfu, ceramics of. See Ceramics, Coptic
Temple of Amun, 1484—1485
Temple of Hathor, 816, 817, 1656, 1874
Temple of Hatshepsut, 1874 see also Dayr al-Bahri
Temple of Imhotep, 1874
Temple of Isis, 107, 1292, 1801, 1870, 1874, 1954, 1954
Temple in Jerusalem, Pentecost and, 1446
Temple of Karnak, 1392—1394, 1484
Temple of Kom Ombo, 1418
Temple of Luxor, 1870
Temple of Month, 1494
Temples
altars, 106
churches built on sites of, 1292, 1870, 1874, 1954
Dandarah, 690, 691
Hawwarah, 1210—1211
Jewish (Leontopolis), 1866
pharaonic-style, 1865
Taharqa, 2036, 2037
Tud as cultic center, 2279—2280
Temples, Egyptian, 1496—1499
Temple of Seti I, 1874
Temples of Nectanebo II, 1653
Ten Canons. See Nomocanon
Tentyra. See Dandarah
Ter and Erai, Saints (martyrs), 1117, 1221, 1558, 2209
Termoute. See Patermuthius, Saint
Terra-cotta. See Ceramics, Coptic
Tertullian (apologist), 176, 177—178, 917, 1548, 1638
on abstinence practice, 17
on consubstantiality, 1253
on immersion, 1286
on incense use, 1472
on Last Judgment, 1379
on Nativity date, 1102
patristic writings, 1920, 1921
on prayers for the dead, 889
on remarriage of widows (digamy), 901
Tes. See Akhmim
Tesmine. See Akhmim
Testament of Abraham, 163, 164
Testament of Isaac, 164
Testament of Isaac, Coptic version of. See Coptic Testament of Isaac
Testament of Jacob, 164
Testament of Job, 164
Testament of Joshua, 164
Testament of Moses, 164
Testaments of the Patriarchs, 163—164
Testamentum Domini, in the Octateuch of Clement, 1824
Testimony of Truth, 1301, 2209-2210
Tetraconch, 222
Tetradite, 688
Tetramorph, depicted in Coptic art, 539—540
Tetrapla. See Hexapla and Tetrapla
Tewodros II, Emperor, 1590
Textiles, Coptic, 268—269, 273,276, 2210–2230, 2211, 2213–2214, 2216–2218, 2222-2230
Amazons depicted in, 1751 -- 1752
Arab conquest of Egypt impact on, 1311
clothing. See Costume, civil; Costume, military; Costume of the relgious
dancers depicted in, 1756— 1757
Dionysus portraits, 1760
historiography of, 255—258
Louvre Museum collection of, 255—258, 1483
measurement, 1611
monastic weavers, 1641
Nubian, 1819—1820
pastoral scenes depicted in, 1766—1767
portraiture, 1760, 2001
preservation of, 279
production of fabrics, 2220—2221
Sassanid artistic influence, 2097—2098
and spindles and spindle whorls, 2335
State Museum of Berlin collection of, 2146—2147
see also Symbols in Coptic art; Tapestries
Textiles, Nubian, 1819—1820
Textiles preservation. See Art preservation
Teza, Emilio, 2230
Thais. See Sarapion
Thalassius, Prefect of Illyricum, 2017
Thaleia (Arius), 82, 230, 232, 1253, 1733
Thanksgiving, prayer of, 1715, 2007, 2126
Tharwat, ‘Abd al-Khaliq, 1990
Thebaid, the. See Sa‘id
Theban hermitages. See Hermitages, Theban
Theban Legion, 1110, 1936, 2231—2233, 2232-2233
and Exuperantius, Saint, 1082
martyrdom, 1082, 1555, 1558, 1559, 2057
and Mauritius, Saint, 1572
and Regula, Saint, 2086
and Ursus of Solothurn, 2292
and Verena, Saint, 2087, 2299
and Victor of Solothurn and Geneva, Saint, 2302
Thebes
end to institutionalized paganism in, 1870
hermitages, 1225
Luxor and, 1484
monasteries dedicated to Phoibammon at, 1964—1965
monasteries in region of, 1656, 1657
monastic murals at, 1874
papyrus collections, 1893, 1895
Persian occupation of, 1939
prosopography, 2022
Roman travelers in, 2065
Thecla, Saint
church of, 1652
depicted in Coptic art, 540—54 1
martyrdom, 540, 892, 1558
relics and miracles of, 544, 1774
Thecla and Mudi (martyrs), 1559
Thekla al-Habishi (monk—painter), 753—754
Themistius (Alexandrian deacon), 70—71
Thenaud, Jean, 722, 1977, 2050
Theoclas, Saint. See Heraclas, Saint
Theoclia (martyr), 1559
Theodora (fourth-century martyr), 31, 1554
Theodora, Empress, 944, 1046, 1682—1682, 2234—2235
and Abraham of Farshut, 11—12
and Anastasia, 125
and Jacob Baradaeus, 1319, 1386, 1675, 2235
and Monophysites, 1386, 1674, 1675
and Nubian evangelization, 1801
Procopius on, 2019, 2234, 2235
and Theodosius I, Patriarch, 2241
and Timothy III, Patriarch, 2268
Theodora, Saint (fifth century), 2235, 2087
and Oktokaidekaton monastery, 1826
Theodora, Saint (third century), 2087
Theodore (missionary), 1480
Theodore I, Pope (Rome), 1678
Theodore. See Theodorus
Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrrhus, 515, 914, 1672, 2068, 2235-2237
on Athanasius I, 298
and Justinian, Emperor, 1386
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247
Theodorus (recluse), 2055
Theodorus, Bishop of Pentapolis, 1559
Theodorus, Emperor (Ethiopia), 1693
Theodorus, Patriarch, 1589, 2237
dates of patriarchy, 1915
feast day, 2087
successor, 1410—1412
and Tamnuh, 2201
Theodorus, Saint, 2237—2238
Theodorus of Alexandria, Saint, 32, 1952, 2087, 2238
Theodorus Anatolius (martyr), 1559, 2238
Theodorus of Antioch (fictitious), 2032, 2268
Theodorus Balsamon, 1540
Theodorus the General. See Theodorus Stratelates, Saint
Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 597, 2017, 1672, 2238—2239
on communicatio idiomatum, 578
and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595
and Cyril I, 673
Justinian, Emperor, condemnation of, 1386, 2239
on Kiss of Peace, 1416
on the nature of Christ, 547
opposition to Apollinarius, 174
Theodoret history of, 2236
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249
Theodorus the Oriental, paintings of, 726, 727
Theodorus of Pherme, Saint, 56, 2087, 2239
Theodorus of Shotep. See Theodorus Stratelates, Saint
Theodorus Stratelates, Saint, 727, 796—797, 1559, 1609, 2237-2238
relics at Dayr al-Amir Tadrus, 718
Theodorus of Tabennese, Saint, 1257, 1448, 1864, 1927, 2239-2240
Coptic texts of, 1451—1452
as desert father, 894
distinguished from Theodorus of Alexandria, Saint, 2238
feast day, 2087
founding of monasteries for women, 1663, 1822
and Letter of Ammon, 1445, 2030
as Pachomian disciple, 1664, 1860, 1861, 1862
papyrus collection of letters, 1894
personal characteristics, 2240
Theodorus and Timothy (martyrs), 1559
Theodosia of Alexandria (martyr), 1554, 1559
Theodosians (Severians), 734, 790, 876, 2240-2241
Theodosius (martyr), 1553
Theodosius (tax collector), 66
Theodosius I, Emperor
on age of deaconesses, 888
antipaganism, 1869, 1870, 2248
and Constantinople, First Council of, 593—595
and Henoticon edict, 1218
and Maximus and Domitius, 789—790, 1577
and miracles of Phoibammon of Preht, 1963
patriarch under, 1914
and Raphael, Archangel, 2054
and Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 2238
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2248, 2251
Thessalonica, edict of (380), 1947
Theodosius II, Emperor and Chalcedon, Council of, 512—513
Codex Theodosianus, 571
and Elias, 748
Ephesus, First Council of, 959—960
and Ephesus, Second Council of, 913, 961—962, 1441, 1670
and Eutyches, 913, 1074—1075
on Holy Chrism ingredients, 522
Olympiodorus of Thebes on, 1840
patriarchs under, 1914—1915
and Proclus, 2017
Pulcheria as regent, 2033
and Scetis monks, 1120
and Victor of Tabennese, 2308
Theodosius I, Saint and Patriarch, 2241
Alexandrian church restoration, 93
Cosmas Indicopleustes and, 640
dates of patriarchy, 1915
and Dayr Anba Maqar, 749
deposition and return, 1674, 1675
feast day, 2087
and Gaianus as rival patriarch, 1138
homily on Michael, Archangel, 1619
and Julian, Evangelist, 1380
and Longinus’ missions, 1480
Moses of Abydos prophecy on, 1679—1680
and Severus of Antioch, 2104
and Theodosians, 2240—2241
Theodosius II, Patriarch, 94, 558, 1209, 2241-2242, 2359
burial site, 848
and the chrism at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550
dates of patriarchy, 1917
as monk at Dayr Abu Fanah, 698
Theodosius of Jerusalem, Bishop, 2242, 2303
Theodota (martyr), 1554
Theodotus (Dynamic Monarchian), 1638
Theodotus (martyr and disciple of Athanasius), 1559
Theodotus (martyr under Valerian), 1552
Theodotus of Ancyra, Bishop, 2242—2243
Theodoxia (fourth-century martyr), 31, 1554
Theodulf of Orleans, 1115
Theognius of Nicaea, 84, 1484
Theognosta, Saint, 2087, 2243—2244, 2087
Theologians
Abu Shakar ibn al-Rahib, 33
Agathonicus of Tarsus, 69-70
Clement of Alexandria, 562— 563
Draguet, René, 924
Duchesne, Louis, 925
Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070—1071
Hardy, Edward R., 1206
Hippolytus, 1235—1236
Horner, George W., 1257
Jablonski, Paul Ernst, 1318
John Chrysostom, 1357—1359
John of Parallos, Saint, 1367—1368
Leipoldt, Johannes, 1439
Lucian of Antioch, 1484
Mansi, Giovanni Domenico, 1523—1524
Origen, 1846—1855
patristics, 1920—1921
Schermann, Theodor, 2106
Seyffarth, Gustavus, 2125
Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 2238—2239
Theodosius I, Saint and Patriarch, 2241
Tischendorf, Konstantin von, 2269
Wilke (Wilkius, Wilkins), David, 2322
see also Apologist; Scholars
Theology
Alexandrian, 103-104
Catechetical School of Alexandria, 469—472
Clerical College (Cairo), 563 —564
see also Chalcedon, Council of; Christology; Heresy; other
specific councils and aspects
Theonas (recluse), 2055
Theonas, Patriarch, 2244-2246
and Achillas, 55
and Alexandrian churches, 93, 102, 588
dates of patriarchy, 1914
and Manichaean asceticism, 88
and Peter I as successor, 1936, 1937
Theonas of Libya (dissenter), 84
Theone (martyr), 1559
Theopemptos of Antioch, panegyric on Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2306
Theophanes, Patriarch, 2247
dates of patriarchy, 1916
and Ethiopian prelates, 1002
successor, 1632
Theophanes the Chronicler, 2017, 2020, 2264
Theophila (martyr), 1
Theophilos I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1246—1247, 1325, 2049, 2247
Theophilus, Patriarch, 1978, 2247-2252
and Ammonius of Kellia, 113, 686
anthropomorphism rejection by, 143, 154, 1884, 2103, 2249—2250
and Antioch schisms, 2248—2249
and Bostra affair, 2249
church-building and consecrations by, 24, 93, 94, 101, 1969, 2248
collected works, 1782
and consecration of Holy Chrism, 521
cycle of, 667
and Cyril I, 671
dates of patriarchy, 1914
and Dioscorus, 915—916
feast day, 2087
and Gregory of Nyssa, 1185
and Hadra of Aswan, 1190
and John the Baptist, 1355
and John Chrysostom, 1357, 2250—2251, 2252
and Kellia monks, 1076, 1397
Letter of Ammon to, 1445
on miracles of George, Saint, 592
and Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608, 1611
and Nikiou, 1793
and Origenist teachings, 471—472, 916, 2249—2250, 2252
and Pachomian monks, 1861
pagan attacks on, 1869—1870
on Raphael, Archangel, 2053
reputation, 2252
and Scetis monks, 2103, 2249
Serapeum destruction order, 31—32, 134, 2248
on Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258
writings, 2251—2252
Theophilus, Saint (monk), 2253-2254, 2087
Theophylact. See Cosmas
Theophylact, Archbishop of Ochrida, 1113
Theopista, Saint (2nd century). See Eustathius and Theopista
Theopista, Saint, and Macarius, Bishop of Nikiou, 1794
Theopista and Dorotheus, and Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619
Theopiste (daughter of Zeno), 1230—1231
Theopiste (fourth-century martyr), 31, 1554
Theopistus of Alexandria, 2254
Theotokion, 900, 1687, 1724, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1986, 2254-2255
doxology, 924
lobsh as conclusion for, 1479
and tafsir, 2198
Virgin analogy with censer, 1470
and watus, 2320
Theotokos, 514, 528, 672, 883, 2026, 2255
Annunciation and, 528-529
Basil the Great catechesis, 351—352
Chalcedon, Council of, on, 514, 2255
communicatio idiomatum on, 578
and Constantinople, 1276
controversy over term, 475
Coptic position on, 101, 1785
Cyril I on, 270, 672
Dayr Apa Jeremiah wall paintings, 78
Dioscorus on, 525
Ephesus, First Council on, 960
Henoticon on, 1217—1218
intercession of, 108
John of Antioch on, 1354
mentioned at bishop’s consecration, 396
monasteries dedicated to, 714, 876
Monophysite, 1669
Nestorian opposition, 960
Nestorius on, 672
Proclus sermon on, 2017, 2018
Theodoret on, 2236
see also Annunciation; Christ, nature of; Christology
Theotokos, Feasts of the, 2256
Therapeutae (Jewish ascetics), 1661
antiphon use, 148—149
and origin of antiphonal chanting, 148
Therenoutis. See Tarnut
Theriac of the Understanding in the Science of the Fundamentals, 20—21
Thessalonica, Edict of (380), 1947
Thetis, depicted in Coptic art, 1767—1768, 1768
Theurgy. See Magic
Thévenot, Jean de, 791, 1977
Thiqah ibn al-Duhayri. See Ibn al-Dahiri
Thmius. See Tmuis
Thmone as loanword in place-names, 2273
Thomas, Apostle and Saint
and Assumption of Mary, 292
and missions in India, 708, 1635
Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria homily on, 2025—2026
Thomas, Bishop of Damascus (new martyr), 1559
Thomas, Saint, 2256
churches dedicated to, 835—836, 835
and Dayr al-Janadlah, 705
feast of, 1108
Thomas, Sunday of, 1108
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 1115, 1186
Thomas of Shinshif (hermit), 781
Thompson, Henry Francis Herbert, 2257
Thoth (pagan deity), 917, 1617
in Coptic calendar, 438
and Nawruz name derivation, 1784
shrine at al-Ashmunayn (Hermopolis Magna), 285
Thought of Norea (gnostic tractate), 2257
“Three Chapters” controversy, 1676
Three Graces, depicted in Coptic art, 1768
Three Hebrew Children (martyrs). See Three Hebrews in the
Furnace
Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 4, 1553, 1634, 2257—2259
Three Risen Saints. See Exuperantius, Saint; Felix, Saint; Regula, Saint
Three Stelae of Seth, 2259-2260, 2007
and Gospel of the Egyptians, 1154
and Valentinian Exposition, 2295
and Zostrianus, 2372
Three Youths, sanctuary of (Dayr Anba Maqar), 752
Thu‘ban al-Rahib, al-. See al-Sani Abu al-Majd Butrus ibn al-
Muhadhdhib Abu al-Faraj
Thunder, Perfect Mind, 2260
Thursday. See Maundy Thursday
Tibarcius. See Valerianus and Tibarcius
Tiberius II, Emperor, 125—126, 688, 1675, 2061—2062
patriarch under, 1915
Tiberius Julius Alexander (prefect of Egypt), 2061
Tihna al-Jabal, 2260-2261
Tij. See Abu Tij
Til, Apa (martyr), 1089, 1559, 2261
Till, Walter Curt Franz Theodor Karl Alois, 1891, 1894, 2022, 2261
life of Zenobios, 2371
work on Coptic law, 1438
Tilodj. See Pispir
Tima, Dayr Abu Bifam at, 697
Timolaus (martyr), 1559
Timon, first deacon, 885
Timotheos I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 358, 1245—1246, 1325, 2262
and Haile Selassie I, 1198
Timotheus (pupil of Dionysius the Great), 909
Timotheus the Egyptian. See Timothy of Memphis (martyr)
Timotheus, Saint, 1883, 2087, 2262-2263
Timothy (martyr), 1553
see also Theodorus and Timothy (martyrs)
Timothy, Bishop of Antinoopolis (martyr without bloodshed), 1559
Timothy, Bishop of Ephesus, 1432, 2015
Timothy, Bishop of Qasr Ibrim, 829
Timothy I, Saint and Patriarch, 2263
on Abbaton, 2
dates of patriarchy, 1914
feast day, 2087
Timothy II Aelurus (“the Cat”), Patriarch, 24, 1609, 2263-2267
and Abu Mina church completion, 94, 2248
and Acacian schism, 42—47
Christology, 2266—2267
Coptic—Melchite split and disputed patriarchal succession, 1583,
1670, 1671, 1947, 1948, 2268
dates of patriarchy, 1915
as Dioscorus’s successor, 915, 1441, 1442
and Eikoston monks, 951
and Enaton monks, 956—957
and Ephesus, Third Council of, 962
exile of, 525
and family of Zeno, Emperor, 2369—2370
feast day, 2087
and History of the Patriarchs authorship, 1239
John of Mayuma on, 1366
life, 2264—2266
on Michael, Archangel, 1618—1619
writings, 2266
Timothy III, Patriarch, 2268
and Cosmas Indicopleustes, 640, 2268
dates of patriarchy, 1915
Justin I, Emperor and, 1384
and Severus of Antioch, 2125
Theodosius I and, 2241
Timothy and Matthias (martyrs), 1559
Timothy of Memphis (martyr), 1559
Timothy Salofaciolus (“Wobble-Cap”), Patriarch, 42, 43, 1442, 1609, 1671, 1947, 2265, 2268—2269
Tinnis, 2269
Tiridates, King of Armenia, 1183
Tirsa, 2269
Tiryaq al-‘Uqul fi Ilm al-Usul, 1464
Tischendorf, Konstantin von, 1893, 1900, 2269
Tisserant, Eugène, 2270
Titkooh. See Bawit
Titus, Bishop of Crete, 1432, 2015
Titus, Emperor
and Josephus Flavius, 1375
patriarch under, 1913
visit to Egypt, 2062, 2066
Tkow, paganism in, 1870
Tmone. See Minya
Tmoone as loanword in place-names, 2273
Tmoushons. See Bakhanis-Tmoushons
Tmuis, 1648, 2270
Tobias, 2052—2053, 2054
Tobit, 2052—2053, 2054
Toilet articles, 2336—2338, 2337—2339
Tokoa. See Menarti
Toledo, Third Synod of (589), 1112
Tolemaeus, Saint (martyr), 1559, 2271
see also Apaiule and Tolemaeus, Saints
Tomb of the Martyr. See Abu Mina
Tombs
architecture and decoration of. See Sculpture in stone, Coptic
Bani Hasan, 334—335
Catherine of Alexandria, Saint, 1683
Dayr al-‘Adhra’, 715
Dayr Anba Bisadah, 733
Dayr Anba Hiziqyal, 748
Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Saqqara), 776
Dayr al-Madinah, 8 17—818
Dayr al-Misaykrah, 840
Dayr al-Mutttin, 843
Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 850, 851, 851
Dayr al-Qusayr, 853
Dayr Rifah, 855—856
hermits’ at Asyut, 114
inscriptions, 1291, 1292, 1293— 1296
inscriptions, Nubian, 1814— 1815
inscriptions of visitors from Roman period, 2066
Jabal al-Tarif, 1657, 1771
Meir, 1583—1583
Menas the Miracle Maker, 24
mural paintings, 1873
Nag Hammadi codices find, 1771
oldest Coptic tombstones, 1294
pharaonic at Abydos, 39
pharaonic at Ahnas, 73—76
Phib, Saint, 1954
al-Shaykh Sa‘id, 2130
Speos Artemidos, 334—335
see also Cemeteries; Reclusion; Stela
Tome of Leo, 514, 578, 961, 1075, 1441
and Acacian schism, 44—46, 1384
and Chalcedon, Council of, 514—515, 1441, 1442, 1675
communicatio idiomatum doctrine, 578
and Constantinople, Second Council, on, 595
Dioscorus I and, 913, 914, 915
Henoticon and, 1218
and monophysitism, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1674
Pulcheria and, 2033
Samu’il of Qalamun and, 2092
Tambuq monastery rejection of, 1648
Tome of Proclus, 2017
Tome of Union (633), 1667
Tomus of Lyons, 692
Tools, for woodworking, 2326
Topography
Christian Topography, 640—641, 1635
al-Maqrizi study, 1525
Toponymy, Coptic, 2271-2274
Topos (place), 153
Topos al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu). See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu)
Topos al-Qiddis Yuhannis. See Dayr al-Saqiyah
Torah, 2109, 2111
Toronto, Canada, 1621
Tóth, Margit, 1741, 1743
Toulon, France, Coptic congregations in, 1623
Toussoun, Omar. See Omar Toussoun
Tower. See Keep
Tower of Palaemon, 749
Towns and settlements
‘Abdallah Nirqi, 4
Abu Mina, 24—25
Abusir, 34
Abusir Bana, 36—37
Abusir al-Malaq, 37
Abu Tij, 38
Aflaqah, 64
Agharwah, 70
Ahnas, 73—76
Aphrodito, 153—154
Aqbat, 182—183
Aqfahs, 183
Ashmun Tanah, 288
Aswan, 294—296
Atris, 307—308
Awsim, 311—312
Azari, 315—316
Babij, 317
al-Bagawat, 326—329, 327, 328
Bahij, 330
Bahjurah, 330
Bakhanis-Timoushons, 331
al-Ballas, 333
al-Banawan, 334
Bani Kalb, 335
Barbish, 349
Bilad, 391
Biljay, 391
Birma, 392
Burah, 425
al-Burullus, 427
Bush, 427
Clysma, 565
confraternities in, 586—587
Dahlak, 685
Dahshur, 685
Dalas, 685
Damallu, 686
Damanhur, 686—687
Damanhur al-Wahsh, 688
Damru, 689—690
Dandarah, 690—69 1
Daqadus, 692
Daqahlah, 693
al-Dayr, 695
Dayr Rifah, 855—856
Dimayrah, 902—903
Dinushar, 903—904
Dush, 927—928
al-Duwayr, 928
Egyptian nome capitals, 1175, 1177, 1179
Elephantine, 951—952, 952
Faras, 1090—1091
Farshut, 1092-1093
Fishah, 1117
Greek towns in Egypt, 1179—1181
Hajir Idfu, 1200
at Hawwarah, 1210—1211
at Hawwariyyah, 1211, 1211—1212
Hilwan, 1233
Jabal ‘Adda, 1315
Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1315—1316
Jabal al-Silsilah, 1316
Jirja, 1330—1331
Karanis, 1390
Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 1391—1392
al-Khandaq, 1413
Khirbat al-Filusiyyah, 1414
Khirbitah, 1415
Kom Ombo, 1418
Kom al-Rahib, 1418—1419
Laqqanah, 1426
Madamud, 1494—1495
Mahallat Abu ‘Ali, 1510
Mahallat al-Amir, 1511
Mahallat Minuf, 1511
Makhurah, 1512—1513
Malij, 1516
Marsafa, 1546
Mashtul, 1561
Masil, 1561
Meir, 1582—1583
Memnonia, 1586
Menarti, 1587—1588
Nabaruh, 1769
Nag Hammadi, 1770
Naqizah, 1774—1775
Nastaruh, 1775
Psoï, 2030—2031
Qararah, 2036
Qasr Ibrim, 2036—2037
Qus, 2043—2045
Raithou, 2049—2050
Sakha, 2087—2088
Shams al-Din, 2126—2127
Shanasha, 2127—2128
Sharunah, 2128
Shutb, 2136
Sibirbay, 2136
Sinjar, 2140
Sunbat, 2159
Tabennese, 2197
Tafa, 2198
Tall al-‘Amarnah, 2199
Talmis, 2200
Tamit, 2200—2201, 2201
Tarnut, 2202
Tbow, 2207
Tihna al-Jabal, 2260—2261
Tirsa, 2269
Tutun, 2283
Umm al-Barakat, 2289—2291, 2290
Umm Dabadib, 2291
see also Boule; Cities; Dayr headings; Fortresses; Greek towns in
Egypt; Toponymy, Coptic
Toys and games
wooden, 2339, 2340
see also Ceramics, Coptic; Metalwork, Coptic; Ceramics, Coptic Tractatus in Joannem Evangelium (Augustine), 1115
Trajan, Emperor, patriarch under, 1913
Transept. See Basilica
Transfiguration, Feast of the, 1108—1109
Transformation, Divine, 1058
Transitus Mariae, 1618, 1619
Transmigration of souls, 1521
Travelers in Egypt, 1975—1977
Pietro delle Valle, 1967
Roman, 2064—2066
see also Pilgrimages’ Pilgrims and travelers in Christian Egypt
Treadle loom, Coptic textiles, 2215—2216
Treaties. See name, inverted
Treatise on the Resurrection, 569, 2275
Treatise of the Ten Fundamentals (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal), 2078
Trees. See Woodworking, Coptic
Trent, Council of (1545—1547)
on the canon of the Old and New Testaments, 2110
Gabriel VII, Patriarch, and, 1134
Triadelphus, Bishop of Prosopites, 1793
Triadon (poem), 1986
Triangle (musical instrument), 1738, 1739
Tribelon, 222
Tribune. See Synthronon
Triconch, 222—223
Trimitários (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Trimorphic Protennoia, 2276-2277
Trinitarian theology, 688, 1637—1638, 2241
Coptic influence in Alexandria, 101
Dionysius on, 911
doxologies, 923
Origen, 1848—1850
Trinity
‘Abd al-Masih al-Isra’ili al-Raqqi on, 6
and Alexander I, 82
in Alexandrian theology, 103—104
and the Anomoeans, 141-142
and Apostles’ Creed, 178—179
Damian on, 689
and filioque, 1114—1116
and Nicene Creed, 82—84
Origen on the, 1848—1849, 1850, 1855
see also Trinitarian theology
Tripartite Tractate, 569, 1151, 2277
and Valentinian Exposition, 2296
Triphiou. See Suhaj
Tripoli, 1098
Trisagion, 1732, 2017, 2278-2279
and Acacian schism, 45
and consecration of church and altar, 108, 109, 548, 549
Tritheism. See Trinitarian theology
Triumphal arch, 223—224
Triumph of Christ. See Christ, Triumph of
Troparia, 1724
Trullo, Council of (691), 71, 918
Tsenti, monastery of, 757
Tubah (fifth month of Coptic calendar), 438—439, 441
Assumption of Mary celebration, 289—290
in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2179—2180
Tubh, 2279
and Watus, 2321
Tud, 2279-2280, 2280
Tukh, 1, 2
Tukhi, Raphael, and Arabic versions of Old Testament, 1829, 1830, 1832, 1834—1835
Tukh al-Nasara, pilgrimages to, 1975
Tukh Tanbisha, pilgrimages to, 1975
Tulunids and Ikhshids, Copts under the, 2280-2281
see also Abbasids
Tuma ibn al-Najib Lutfallah al-Mahalli, 2281-2282
Tuma ibn al-Sa’igh, 1270
Tunah, 1649
seven ascetics of, 2122
Tunics, 644, 645, 648
Tunis. See Arsenal of Tunis
Tur, al-, 2050
Turaev, Boris Alexandrovitch, 2282
Turah
Dayr al-Qusayr, 853—855
papyrus discoveries, 1899
Turah, Saint, hymns attributed to, 1726
Turanshah, 1536
Turicum. See Zurich
Turkey
Coptic collections, 1712
see also Constantinople; Ottomans, Copts under the; Tulunids and
Ikhshids, Copts under the
Tut (first month of Coptic calendar), 438, 440
in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2174—2175
and Nawruz (Coptic New Year’s Day), 1784
Tutun, 2283
scriptoria of, 1651
Twelve Anathemas of Cyril, 1671
and Armenian church, 234
Twelve Apostles, as portrayed in Coptic art, 529
Twelve Patriarchs, Testament of the, 163
The Twelve Virtues, 2310
Twenty-Four Elders, depicted in Coptic art, 541—542
“The Two Ways”, 898
Tyloplókos, tylophántes (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Types, 2283-2284
Typikon of Saint Sabas (Qustantin translation), 1182, 2046-2047
Typology. See Types
Typos of Constans II, 1678
Typos tes plerophorias (Anastasius). See Formula of Satisfaction

U_______________________

Udrunkah. See Durunkah
Uigurs, Kingdom of the, 1519
Ulphilas, 2285
Ulysses, 1867
‘Umar. See Covenant of ‘Umar
‘Umar (Bey) Ghaytas, 1538
‘Umar ibn Abd al-‘Aziz, 86—87
Umar Tussun. See Omar Toussoun
Umayyad fleet, Coptic contribution to, 2286
Umayyads, Copts under the, 2286-2289
and Alexandria, 88, 89, 91
and Islamic-influenced Coptic art, 1311, 1311
and Islamization of Egypt, 937
Ummanah, al-. See Nation’s Party
Umm al-Barakat, 2289—2291, 2290
Umm Dabadib, 2291
Unction of Christ, Ethiopian controversy, 986—987, 1023-1028
Unction of the sick, Holy Sacrament of the, 2291-2292
and anointing with oil, 139
use of candles in, 446
Undergarments, 645
UNESCO, 1300, 1771—1772, 1955, 2032
Uniatism. See Coptic Catholic Church
Union of Christ dispute. See Unction of Christ
Unionist Progressive party, 1991
Union party, 1992
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Coptic collections, 1712
papyrus collection, 1895
see also Russia
United Arab Emirates, Coptic churches in, 1621
United Kingdom. See British Isles; Great Britain
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
See UNESCO
United States of America Coptic churches in, 1621—1622
Coptic collections, 1712—1715
papyrus collection, 1895—1896
Universe. See Christian Topography (Cosmas Indicopleustes)
Universität der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie of Cologne, 1892
Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, 694
University College, London, 1893
University of Florence, 1894
University Library (Freiburg im Breisgau), 1892
University Library (Giessen), 1893
University Library (Graz), 1891
University Library (Heidelberg), 1893
University Library (Louvain), 1891
University Library (Strasbourg), 1892
University Library (Turin), 1894
University Library (Würzburg), 1893
University of Michigan Library, 1895
University of Mississippi, 1900
Unleavened bread, and Eucharist, 1060— 1061
Upper Egypt. See Sa‘id
Upper Sa‘id
monasteries of, 1656-1658, 1659
Qus as administrative center of, 2043
Uqsur, al-. See Luxor
Uqsurayn, al-. See Luxor
‘Urabi revolution (1881—1882), 1637, 1693, 1995
Urban VIII, Pope (Rome), 610, 611
Uri. See Ari (martyr)
Ursus of Solothurn, Saint, 1559, 2232, 2292-2293, 2302
Usaghniyus. See Eusignius (martyr)
Usul Muqaddimat Sullam al-Lughah al-Qibtiyyah, 1463

V_______________________

Valais, canton of, 1572
Valens, Emperor, 1650, 1947, 1956
patriarch under, 1914
Valentinian I, Emperor, 790, 1576, 1577, 1578
Valentinian II, Emperor, 1577
patriarch under, 1914
Valentinian III, Emperor, 1440
Valentinian Exposition, 2295—2296
Valentinians. See Valentinus
Valentinus, 1731, 1866, 2296-2297
and Basilides, 357
and gnosticism, 1147, 1148, 1150, 1151, 1156
and Gospel of Philip, 1157
and Gospel of Truth, 1151, 1164
and Heracleon, 1219
as heretic, 1222
myth of fall of Sophia linked with Authentilcos Logos, 309
Valeria (daughter of Diocletian), 2246
Valerian, Emperor, 1869, 2297-2298
patriarch under, 1914
persecutions of, 909, 910, 1552, 1575, 1785, 1936
Valerianus and Tibarcius (martyrs), 1559
Valesius (martyr), 1559
Valley of the Kings, festival of, 439
Valley of the Nile. See Nile valley
Van Lantschoot, Arnold, 1895, 2298
Van Moorsel, Paul, 726
Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 23, 30, 613, 1462, 1892, 1977, 2299
on Antinoopolis, 145
on Asyut, 297
on Bush, 427
contribution to Coptological studies, 613
on Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722
on Dayr Anba Bishoi, 738
on Dayr Anba Shinudah, 765
on Dayr al-Qusayr, 853
on Durunkah, 926
Vasco da Gama, 1636
Vatatzes, John, 1114
Vatican Arabic 123, 722
Vatican Coptic 9, on pillage of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722
Vatican Library, 6, 30, 31, 876
Assemani family and, 289
papyrus collections, 1894—1895
Vatican Museum, Coptic textile collection. See Museums, Coptic collections in
Vault, 224—225
Veil, custom of women wearing, 641, 650
Veils. See Eucharistic veils
Veneration. See Icons, Coptic; Saints
Venice, and relics of Mark, Saint, 1532
Verena, Saint, 2087, 2232, 2299-2301, 2301
Vertical loom, Coptic textiles, 2215
Vespasian, Emperor, 2061, 2062
and Josephus Flavius, 1375
patriarch under, 1913
Vespers, 2301
Vestments. See Liturgical vestments
Vestry. See Architectural elements of churches: Sacristy
Viaud, Gérard, 1975
Victor (uncle of Anba Yuna), 744
Victor (martyr), 1559
Victor, Anba, 861, 2301
festal date of, 840
Victor of Asyut. See Victor of Shu
Victor, Decius, and Eirene (martyrs), 1559
Victor the General. See Victor Stratelates, Saint
Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 255
Victor of Pbow. See Victor of Tabennese
Victor of Rome, 1905
Victor of Shu, Saint (martyr), 296, 370, 708, 2302
churches dedicated to, 797
confused with tribunal of Victor Stratelates, 2305
feast day, 1559, 2087
pilgrimages, 1971
Victor of Solothurn and Geneva, Saint, 1159, 2232, 2302-2303
and Ursus of Solothurn, Saint, 2293
and Verena, Saint, 2300
Victor Stratelates, Saint, 1159, 2303—2308, 2303—2308
Celestinus of Rome panegyric on, 2305—2306
Cyriacus, Bishop, panegynic on, 670, 2305
Demetrius of Antioch on, 2306—2307
Demetrius of Antioch panegyric on, 2305
and Eusebius, 1070
Michael of Atrib and Malij on, 2306
monasteries of, 810, 1657—1658, 2307—2308
Theopemptos of Antioch panegyric on, 2306
Victor of Tabennese, Saint, 1455, 2308
Victor of Tunnuna, 1609
Vienna, University of, 1389, 1419
Vienna Academy of Sciences, 815
Vies des saints pères des déserts (d’Andilly), 894
Vigil, 2308
Village of the Monastery. See Naj‘ al-Dayr
Villecourt, Louis, 1735, 2308
Villoteau, Guillaume André, 1742
Virgil, 1867
Virgin Enthroned (Virgin and Child)
depicted in Coptic art, 270, 277, 281, 542-544, 868, 869, 1660
in Nubian church art, 1812
see also Virgo Lactans
Virgin Mary
Annunciation, 1102
apparitions of. See Virgin Mary, apparition of the
chapels dedicated to, 754
churches dedicated to, 704—705, 710, 716, 721, 741, 806, 813,
815, 820, 821, 856, 924, 1118, 1975
encomium on, 1956
Fast of the Virgin Mary, 1096
Feast of the Virgin, 1111
Gabriel, Archangel, and, 1135
Hail Mary, 1199
iconography, 243—244, 1276, 1279
icons at Bawit, 368—369
and Immaculate Conception, 1285
and Incarnation, 1287—1290
incense as analogy for, 1470
intercessional character of, 1107
manuscript collection on, 1778
miraculous appearances of. See Virgin Mary, apparition of the
monasteries dedicated to, 714, 715—716, 734, 799, 835
as Mother of God. See Theotokos
paintings of, 1875
pilgrimage centers in Egypt, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973
portraits of, 726—727, 778, 794
Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria homily on, 2025—2026
Theotokia (hymns to), 1724, 1726, 1727, 1986
see also Annunciation; Assumption; Flight into Egypt; Joseph the
Carpenter, Saint; Theotokos; Virgin Enthroned
Virgin Mary, apparition of the, 681, 840, 871, 1969, 2308-2310, 2309
Virgins, communities of. See Nuns: Women’s religious communities
Virgo lactans, 243—244, 531, 543
Virtues, the Twelve, 2310
Virtues of Saint Macarius, 1984
Visio Isaiae, Coptic translations, 1451
Vitae patrum (Rosweyde), 56
Vita Gregorii Thaumaturgi (Gregory of Nyssa), 1184
Vitalian, 45
Vita Pauli. See Life of Saint Paul the First Hermit
Vitellius, Emperor, patriarch under, 1913
Vitruvius (Roman architect), 1872
Vocabulary. See Appendix
Vocalise (Coptic musical characteristic), 1720, 1721, 1732
Vocal music. See Cantors; Choral singing; Hymns
Volbach, W. F., 256, 257
Volusianus, 2017
Vows, and pilgrimages, 1968
Voyage nouveau de la Terre Sainte (Nau), on Dayr al-Sultan, 872
Vulgate, 1323

W_______________________

Wadi ‘Arabah, 728
Wadi bir al-‘Ayn, Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal, 857
Wadi Ghazali, 1817—1818
Wadi Habib. See Scetis
Wadi Hannebah, hermitages, 728
Wadih ibn Raja’, al-, 2311
and al-Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘, 2102
Wadi al-Jilbanah, 700
Wadi al-Muluk, Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal, 857—858
Wadi al-Nakhlah, 795
Wadi Natfah, hermitages, 728
Wadi al-Natrun
Dayr al-Suryan in, 876—881
Dayr Yuhannis, al-Qasir at, 883—884
Dayr Yuhannis Kama at, 883
keep construction, 1395—1396
see also Scetis
Wadi al-Nil (publication), 1990
Wadi al-Rayyan, 755, 755, 2311
Wadi‘ Sa‘id (Dawud al-Maqari), 1307
Wadi Sarjah, 2312
deuteranios term, 895
Monastery of the Virgin near, 704
Wadi Shaykh ‘Ali, 2312—2313
Wa-al-Durr al-Farid fima ba‘d Tarikh ibn al-‘Amid (al-Assal), 1463
Wafdist bloc, 1993
Wafd al-Misri, al- (publication), 1990
Wafd party, 1515, 1516, 1628, 1989—1991, 1993, 2323
Sa‘d Zaghlul leadership, 2074—2075
Waham, 2313
Wahbi, Tadrus, 1465, 1467
Walid ibn ‘Abd al-Malik, al-, Caliph, 86
Walid ibn Yazid, al-, Caliph, 1410—1411
Wall decorations
Coptic glass, 1145—1146
see also Painting, Coptic mural
Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, Maryland, 1599, 1600, 1601
Wansleben, Johann. See Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael
Waqa’i‘ al-Misriyyah (publication), 1993, 1074
Waq‘at al-Kana’is, 2313—2316
Waq‘at al-Nasara, 2316—2319
Waqf, Coptic, 2319
Warp-weighted loom, Coptic textiles, 2215
Warriors in Coptic art, 649—650,2319-2320
Warshanufyus. See Barsanuphius (martyr)
Warshenufe, Saint, 2087
Wars (Procopius), 2019, 2020
Washing. See Ablution; Feet, washing of; Hands, washing of
Wasif, ‘Awad, 1466
Wasif Butrus Ghali, 1990
Wasilidas. See Basilidas (martyr)
Wassef, Wissa. See Wissa Wassef
Wasserkirche (Zurich), 1082, 1110, 2057
Watan, al- (publication), 1465, 1466, 1628, 1989, 1993-1996, 2010-2012
Water
into wine, 1107
liturgical instruments for, 1469
for spells, 1500
see also Ablution; Baptism; Immersion
Water jugs and stands, 491—492, 2148, 2320
Water supply
irrigation aqueducts at Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 709
Karanis, 1390
in keep, 1396
Kellia site, 1401
spring at Dayr Abu Halbanah spring, 700
spring at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 725
spring at Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal, 857, 858
spring of Saint Antony, 721
well at Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha), 813
well at Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah), 827
Water vessels. See Water jugs and stands
Watus, 63, 1425, 1479, 1722, 1724, 1726, 1727, 1728, 2320—2321
hymns for, 901
and Tubh, 2279
Weather, in the Nile Valley, 440—443
Weaving, 1641
combs and shuttles, 2340—2341, 2341
techniques in manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2217—2218
see also Tapestries
Weddings. See Betrothal customs; Marriage
Wednesday and Friday fast days, 1096
Week, seven-day. See Calendar, Coptic; Days of the week; specific days
Weights and balances, 1603—1604, 1605
boxes made of wood, 2328
Wessely, Carl Franz Joseph, 1891, 2321
Shenute text-editing, 1452
West Bank. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id
Western Desert, monasteries of the, 1658—1659
Wheat crop. See Annona
White Monastery of Shenute (Suhaj). See Dayr Anba Shinudah
Whitsunday. See Pentecost
Whittemore, Thomas, 2321
visit to Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 726
Widows
Didascalia on, 899
digamy (remarriage), 901
Wiesmann, Hermann, 2321
Wiet, Gaston, 2321
Wilcken, Ulrich, 2322
Wilke (Wilkius, Wilkins), David, 1424, 2322
Wills and inheritance, 1429, 1941
Window glass, 1145
Wine
amphorae, 490—49 1
Dionysius as god of, 1758
Eucharistic, 1066
Feast of the Martyr, 1548
as medicine, 1524—1527
miracle of water into, 1107
offertory, 1824—1825
Saladin’s prohibitions against, 1535
storage, 2330
Wisdom literature, Didache compared with, 898
Wissa Wassef, 1466, 1738, 2988, 2051, 2322-2324
Woide, Charles Godfrey, 1424, 1428, 2324
Women
absolution in baptism, 339
Alexandra, Saint, 88
Anastasia, Saint, 125
Bayt al-Nisa’ (reserved area in church), 373, 703
birth rites and customs, 393—393
Catherine, Saint, Mount Sinai Monastery of, 1681—1685
communion regulations, 579
Coptic education of, 932, 933
Coptic equality measures for, 1465
Coptic headdress, 641
Coptic ideals, 1086—1087
deaconess, 888
Dimyanah and her forty virgins, 903
doctors, 1581
Erai, Saint, 2209
Eudoxia, Saint, 1067
Euphemia, Saint, 1073
Euphrosyna, Saint, 1069
Febronia, Saint, 1109—1110
first full-time Egyptologist, 1701
funerary customs, 1124
and gnosticism, 1081, 1148, 1150, 1155
Herai, Saint, 1221
Hilaria, Saint, 1230—1231
Mariyyah the Copt, 1528
martyrs, 903, 1552—1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1558, 1559; see also specific names
Mary of Alexandria, 1560
Mary the Egyptian, 1560
mourning customs, 1686
Nabdunah, 1769
personifying soul in Gnostic literature, 1081
Pulcheria, 2033
recluses, 88, 1663, 2055
Regula, Saint, 2057
rights in ancient Egypt, 1086
rights in modern Egypt, 1088, 1944
role in Ethiopian church, 1044—1045
Salamah Musa on equal rights for, 2089
Sara, Saint, 2094
Sophia, Saint, 2143—2144
Syncletica, 2192
Theodora, Empress, 2235
Theognosta, Saint, 2243—2244
Theopista, Saint, 1072—1073
veil-wearing, 641—650
Verena, Saint, 2299—2301, 2301
see also Betrothal customs; Birth rites and customs; Costume, civil; Marriage; Widows; Women’s religious communities
Women’s religious communities, 1663, 2324—2325
amma in, 2, 3
Anastasia, Saint, founding, 125
convent and nunnery organization, 1663
at Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Old Cairo), 710
at Dayr al-Banat, 788—789, 789
Dimyanah and her forty virgins, 903
al-Hamidat, 1205
Moses of Abydos founding, 707
nuns, 1822
origins in Egypt, 1663
Pachomian community, 1663, 1822, 1860, 2325
Woodwork, Coptic, 2325-2347, 2328-2346
altar ban, 580
painted icons, 293
portraiture, 2001
preservation of wood, 279
under Muslim rule, 1311, 1312
see also Art, historiography of Coptic
Wool, used in Coptic textiles, 2212—2213, 2213
Word, Liturgy of the. See Catechumens, Liturgy of the
Words, magical, 1500—1502
World Chronicle (John of Nikiou), 2060
World Council of Churches, 2091
World War I, 1694
Worrell, William Hoyt, 1895, 2348
Writing surfaces. See Ostracon; Papyrus; Parchment
Wüstenfeld, Ferdinand, 2348

X_______________________

Xenedochou. See Pimandjoili
Xois. See Sakha

Y_______________________

Yacobos II, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1245, 1325, 2349
Yacoub, Jacob. See Ya‘qub, General
Yahya, ‘Abd al-Fattah, 1992
Yahya ibn ‘Adi, 6, 1779
Yahya ibn Sa‘id al-Antaki, 1266, 1460, 1524
Yalbogha al-Samiri, 1570
Yale University
Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771
papyrus collection, 1895
Ya‘qob, Ethiopian prelate, 1011
Ya‘qub, Abu. See Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas
Ya‘qub, General, 15 11—1512, 1524, 1539, 2349—2352
and Chiftichi, Yuhanna, 520
and Coptic Legion, 1417
and Egyptian national identity, 948
and French expedition in Egypt, 1284
and Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1333
and Menou, Jacques, 1591
and Salippe, Mikarius, 2089
and Shukrallah Jirjis, 2136
and Sidarus, Gabriel, 2137
Ya‘qub Hanna, 1688
Ya‘qub ibn Killis, 11
Ya‘qub Nakhlab Rufaylah, 415, 2353
Yared, Ethiopian saint, 1047
Yashu‘. See Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs)
Yassa ‘Abd al-Masih, 1700, 1727, 2353
Yazid II, Caliph, 87
Year. See Calendar, Coptic
Yeken, ‘Adli, 1990, 1991
Yem’ata, Ethiopian saint, 1046
Yemen, 1134
Yeshaq, Ethiopian saint, 1046
Yeshaq I, Ethiopian prelate, 1008
Yeshaq II, Ethiopian prelate, 1015—1016
Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001
Yohannes II, Ethiopian prelate, 1010
Yohannes III, Ethiopian prelate, 1028—1030
Yohannes IV, Emperor, 1590—1591
Yosab I, Ethiopian prelate, 1017—1018
Yosab II, Ethiopian prelate, 1030—1032
Youel, 105
Youna (martyr), 1554
Young, D. W., 1448
Young, Thomas, 1445
Young Egypt (Misr al-Fatah), 1694
Youssef, Fatmah al-, 1991
Youth of Egypt, 2354
Youth movements, 2354-2355
Ypantes (Coptic textile term), 2221
Yu’anna. See Junia (martyr)
Yu’annis, see also John
Yu’annis, Anba (head of Dayr Anba Maqar), 69, 749
Yu’annis, Bishop of Asyut, 2355
Yu’annis, Bishop of Durunkah, 927
Yu’annis, Bishop of Misr, 1613
Yu’annis, Bishop of Samnnud, 1748
Yu’annis, Metropolitan of al-Minufiyyah, 1614
Yuhanna. See also Dayr Yuhannis headings; John
Yuhanna (scribe), 2356
Yuhanna, Bishop of Samannud, 686, 2355—2356
Yuhanna al-Armani al-Qudsi (icon painter), 1278, 1279
Yuhanna the Deacon, 2356-2357
Yuhanna al-Hadhiq al-Qibti (Mu’allim), 2357
Yuhanna ibn Abi Zakariyya ibn Siba, 1735
Yuhanna ibn Masawayh, 1273
Yuhanna ibn Moesis. See Yuhanna the Deacon
Yuhanna ibn Sawirus, 2357-2358
Yuhanna ibn Zakariyya ibn Abi Siba‘. See Ibn Siba‘ Yuhanna Ibn
Abi Zakariyya
Yuhanna al-Maqsi, 2358
Yuhanna ibn Sa‘id, 1573
Yuhannis, Bishop of Asyut, 297
Yuhannis ibn Buqtur al-Dimyati, 2358
Yuna, Anba, 744, 805
Yunus ibn Kadran, 1615, 1616
Yusab, Bishop of Damanhur, 686
Yusab, Bishop of Akhmim (13th century), 2359
Yusab, Bishop of Akhmim (15th century), 2359-2360
Yusab, Bishop of Akhmim (18th century), 2360-2361
Yusab I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325
Yusab I, Saint and Patriarch, 361, 2362-2363
and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558
and Church of Sitt Maryam, 320
dates of patriarchy, 1916
feast day, 2087
and first portable altar, 144
and the Martyr Church at Abu Mina, 94
successor, 1412
and Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001
Yuhanna biography of, 2356
Yusab II, Patriarch, 1911, 2363
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Ethiopian church autonomy, 981-982, 1043-1044, 1613
and Haile Selassie I, 1198
and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2011, 2097
translation as bishop, 399
Yusab of Qift, Saint, 2087
Yustus Maraghi, 1122
Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364-2365
Yusuf al-Qibti, 2365
Yusuf the Syrian (recluse), 1128

Z_______________________

Zacharias I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325
Zacharias, Patriarch, 2367-2368
and church restorations, 94, 558
and continued use of Coptic language, 1734
Damru residence, 689
dates of patriarchy, 1916
and Dayr Shahran restoration, 862
feast day, 2087
Zacharias, Saint and Bishop of Sa, 12, 2087
Zacharias, Saint and Bishop of Sakha, 12, 840, 1456, 2087, 2368
Zacharias of Scetis, 1681, 2369
Zadok and his companions (martyrs), 1559
Zaghlul, Sa‘d. See Sa‘d Zaghlul
Zagwe dynasty, 1425
Zahir, Caliph, 1097, 1098, 1099
Zambia, Coptic church in, 1622
Zamika’el, Ethiopian saint, 1046
Zamika’elites, 985
Zananiq, 1650
Zanetti, U., 1435, 1626
Zanufius, Saint, 2087
Zar’a Ya‘qob, King of Ethiopia, 1052—1053, 1054
Zawditu, Empress, 1040, 1041
Zawiyah, al- (village), 884
Zaytun, Apparition of the Virgin Mary at, 2308—2309
Zechariah, 1102, 1135
Zechariah (Didymus), 900
Zechariah, Bishop of Sakha, 840
Zechariah, Patriarch of Jerusalem, and Holy Cross, 1243
Zeno (martyr). See Paul, Longinus, and Zeno (martyrs)
Zeno, Emperor, 2369—2370
Alexander of Lycopolis on, 87—88
endowment of Dayr Anba Maqar, 749, 1642
as father of Hilaria, Saint, 1230
Henoticon edict. See Henoticon
and Monophysites, 1671, 1673
patriarch under, 1915
and Timothy Salofaciolus, Patriarch, 1671, 2269
Zenobios, 762, 2371
Zephaniah, Apocalypse of, 165
Zephyrinus, Bishop of Rome, 1638
Zeus Ammonios (desert oracle), 1180
Zimbabwe, Coptic church in, 1622
Ziniyyah. See Coptic language, spoken
Ziyadah ibn Yahya ibn al-Rasi, 2079
Zo, Empress, 1099
Zoega, Georg (Jorgen), 2371
Zoilus (scribe), 1467
Zoroaster (pagan deity), 1520, 1617
Zosima, Anba, 130
Zosimus, Saint (monk-priest from Palestine)
on Apophthegmata patrum, 177
feast day, 2087
and Mary the Egyptian, 1560
Zosimus of Panopolis, 1735, 2371
Zostrianus, 2295, 2371—2372
Zubayr ibn al-`Awwam, al-, 186
Zubdat al-Fikrah fi Tarikh al-Hijrah, 1464
Zukayr (Yu’annis), 1573
Zuni, 22
Zurich, Switzerland, 1082, 1110, 2057
see also Switzerland; Theban Legion