Index O-R Volumes 1-7

              [Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.

Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372]

O_______________________

Oak, Council of the (403), 2249
Oasis
al-‘Araj, 189-190
and monasteries of the Western Desert, 1658-1659
Pharan, 1952-1953
Siwa, 2141
see also Dakhlah Oasis
Oaths, in Coptic legal documents, 1430
Obicini, Thomas, 1823
Objects and instruments. See Instruments; Liturgical instruments; Metalwork, Coptic; specific kinds
Oblations, 1121, 1641-1642
Obrimius. See Primus
Octagon-domed church, 1823-1824
Octateuch of Clement, 1824
Octavian Augustus, Emperor, 2061, 2064, 2066
Oengus. See Aengus, Saint
Offering, and pilgrimages, 1968
Offering of Incense. See Incense
Offertory, 1824-1825
Of the Master and the Disciple (Murqus ibn Qanbar), 1626
Ogdoas, 1735
Ogier VIII, 720
Oikonomos, 1825-1826
in charge of sacristy, 219
Oil, Holy. See Chrism
Oils, sacramental
anointing, 137-140
of catechesis, 137
cruets to hold, 1473
of exorcism, 137
Oktoechos (John of Damascus), 1735, 1985, 1986
Oktokaidekaton, 118, 951, 1826-1827
Old Cairo. See Fustat, al-
Old Coptic. See Appendix
Old Testament
anthropomorphism references in, 143
apocrypha in Coptic tradition, 161-166
apologia in, 176
on apostolic succession, 181
atonement in, 306-307
Bodmer papyri, 1885
candelabra representing, 1469
canon of, 2109-2110
canticles, 1729
cantors in, 460
censer in, 1470
Codex Alexandrinus, 566-567
commentary on, 926
confession in, 584-585
Coptic art subjects from, 726, 1660, 1875
Didascalia use of, 899
Didymus on, 900
early versions of, 567, 568, 569, 572
on Egypt, 1867
feasts, 1101
and flight into Egypt, 1117, 1118
Gabriel, Archangel, in, 37, 1135, 1136
genuflection as practice in, 1139
Greek language version, 1167
guardian angel concept in, 1186
Hexapla and Tetrapla (Origen), 1227-1228
icons of subjects from, 1276
illumination, Coptic, 1283
as Jewish canon, 2109
Lagarde text, 1424-1425
lectionary, 1435
Michael, Archangel, in, 1616
in monastery libraries, 1448, 1449
Nubian church art subjects in, 1092
Origen on. See Hexapla and Tetrapla; Origen, writings of
origin of chanting in, 148
papyrus collections, 1894, 1895
papyrus discoveries, 1900
Philo on, 1957
Raphael, Archangel, in, 2052-2053, 2054
sacred garments, 1475
on Satan, 248
themes in Coptic poetry, 1985
Theodoret on, 2236
Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2257-2259
translation into Coptic, 104, 1836-1838
see also Bible; Scripture, canon of the
Old Testament, Arabic versions of the, 1827-1835
Murqus ibn Qanbar commentary, 1699-1700
Old Testament, Coptic translations of, 1836-1838
contrastive texts, 104
O’Leary, De Lacy Evans, 815, 1840
as Coptic hagiographer, 1192
on Coptic music, 1726, 1732, 1733
on Coptic saints and martyrs, 1551, 2081
Olympiodorus of Thebes, 1840
Olympius, Saint (martyr), 697, 1557, 1840, 1882
Oman, Coptic churches in, 1621
Omar Toussoun, 1397, 1658, 1841
Omega. See Alpha and omega
Omophorion, 1477
On the Deaths of the Persecutors (De mortibus Persecutorum), 906
On Ephesians (Origen), 1847
On First Principles (Origen), 2157
On the Holy Spirit (Didymus), 900
Onias (high priest), 1866
On the Incarnation of the Word (De incarnatione Verbi) (Athanasius I), 1288-1290
Onions, in Shamm al-Nasim festivities, 2126
The Only-Begotten (hymn), 1732, 1733
“On nature” (Dionysius), 911
Onophrius, Saint, 1841-1b842
as desert father, 894, 1953
encomium by Pisentius on, 1979
feast day, 2085
monastery of, 805
and Paphnutius the Hermit, 863, 1841-1842, 1883
Paphnutius of Scetis’s life of, 1884
and Timotheus, Saint, 2262
Onopus, 86
On the Origin of the World, 1261, 1842-1844, 1261
On Prayer (Origen), 1847, 1852, 1855
On the Priesthood (John Chrysostom), 459
“On the Promises” (Dionysius), 911
On Temptations (Dionysius), 911
On the Trinity (Didymus), 900
Ophilus of Alexandria, 840
Ophites, 1222
Ophthalmology, 1922
Oracles, Chaldaean. See Chaldaean Oracles
Oracula sibyllina, 1169
Oral tradition of Coptic music, 1730
Orant
depicted in Coptic art, 536-538, 536, 537
see also Figurines
Orarion, 1477
Oratory (room), 1403, 1404
Order of the Golden Fleece, 1572
Order Province of the Orient. See Franciscans in Egypt
Order of Saint Maurice, 1572
Ordination, clerical, 1844-1845
of archdeacon, 887-888
of deacon, 885, 886-887
and education of clergy, 564
laying-on of hands and, 1432
of priest, 2013-2015
Ordo (Gabriel V), 1131
contents of, 1132
Organ (musical instrument), 1740
Oriens Christianus, 1845
Oriental fathers (patristics), 1920
Orientalists. See Scholars; specific names
Oriental Orthodox churches, 235, 1845-1846
and the monasteries of Scetis, 2104, 2105
see also Constantinople; Jerusalem
Orientation toward the East, 216, 221, 1846
Origen, 1448, 1846-1855, 1885, 1921
and Alexandrian theology, 103- 104
and Catechetical School, 100-101, 470-472, 474, 892, 893
on Celsus, 478-479, 1847, 1854
and Coptic education, 931-932
in Copto-Arabic tradition, 1851- 1852
in defense of the faith, 176-177
and Demetrius I, dispute with, 892-893, 1847
Didymus the Blind’s support of, 900
Dionysius the Great as student of, 909, 911
on Ebionites, 929-930
and eschatology, 973
and Ethiopian theology, 984
and Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071
and Evagrius Ponticus, 1076-1077
and exegesis, 104
and gnosis, 1150, 1151
and “godly monarch” concept, 1957
on Gospel of Saint Mark, 1161
Gregory of Nazianzus writings on, 1183
Heraclas, Saint, as student of, 1219
and Heracleon, 1219-1220
and Hesychius, 1226
Hexapla and Tetrapla, 1227-1228
history of theology, 232
on homoousion, 1253
and hypostasis controversy, 1260
Jerome, Saint, and, 1323
in Jerusalem, 1324
Justinian, Emperor, condemnation of, 1386
Kellia monks and, 113-114
library in Caesarea, 1447
on liturgical music, 1733
on Logos, 1790-1791, 1848, 1849-1850
on marriage, 1542
on monarchianism, 1638
on musical instruments, 1738
on Nativity, 1102
Pachomian-Shenutean differences on, 1453
on paganism in Egypt, 1867
Pamphilus, Saint, defense of, 1879
and Pantaenus, 1881
and papyrus discoveries, 854, 1899
and penance terms, 1945
on Raphael, Archangel, 2053
Rufinus’ translations of, 2068
Scetis monks and, 2103
and Sentences of Sextus, 2120
on subordinationism, 471, 2157
and Teachings of Silvanus, 2207
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 143, 916, 2250-2252
on Theotokos, 2255
on unction of the sick, 139, 2291
writings of, 1852-1855; see also Commentaries on Corinthians;
Commentary on Saint John’s Gospel; De principiis; Hexapla;
On Ephesians; On Prayer: Philocalia
Origenist controversies, 1855-1856
Origenist monks
Antony of Egypt and, 150
and Gregory of Nyssa’s works, 1185
in Kellia, 113, 1397
Pambo, Saint, and, 1878
Original Sin, 1930
and Atonement, 306-307
and Immaculate Conception doctrine, 1285
and Incarnation, 1287-1288
Orlandi, Tito, 1299, 1448, 1894
Orphans, Didascalia on, 899
Orphics, 1150
Orsenuphis (soldier-martyr), 1964
Os, Ethiopian saint, 1047
Osiris (pagan deity), 1761, 1866, 2002
and agriculture, 442
and burial rites, 283
and Coptic magic, 1501, 1502, 1505, 1506
festivals of, 438
iconography of, 245, 259
sanctuary and temple at Abusir (Taposiris Magna), 34, 36, 465
temple at Abydos, 38-42
see also Mythological subjects in Coptic art
Ossius, Bishop of C6rdoba, 232, 1253, 1791
Ostracine. See Khirbat al-Filusiyyah
Ostracon, 1290, 1856
and Coptic correspondence, 970-971
in Louvre, 1483
medical, 1887
Nubian medieval, 1814
preservation of, 279-280
from temple of Hatsehpsut, 227
text of Hos Three, 1726
see also Papyrus collections
Otho, Emperor, patriarch under, 1913
Ottomans, Copts under the, 1856-1857
and administrative organization of Egypt, 935
and Egyptian finances, 1274
impact on Copto-Arabic literature, 1464-1465
Jirjis al-Jawhari role, 1334
millet system, 1087
Qasr Ibrim fortification, 2037
Ouarshufah. See Barsanuphius (martyr)
Ouélários (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Ousia
Origen on, 1848
as synonym of hypostasis, 1260
see also Homoeans; Homoiousion; Homoousion
Ouspensky, Porphyry, 2049
Oxford University, 1091, 2030
papyrus collection, 1894
Oxyrhynchite dialect New Testament in, 1788
see also Appendix
Oxyrhynchus
cult of Homeric gods, 1865
family life in, 1086-1087
Latson, Apa, from, 1427
monasteries in, 1653, 1654-1655, 1662
pagarch, 1871
Paphnutius the Hermit in, 1883
papyrus discoveries, 1898-1900
Persian troops in, 1939
Roman sacrifices at, 890
Oxyrhynchus Papyri, 330, 1531, 1857-1858
Oz, Ethiopian saint, 1047

P_______________________

Pachomian monasticism. See Monasticism, Pachomian
Pachomius Basilica. See Pbow
Pachomius, Lives of. See Life of Saint Pachomius; Lives of
Pachomius
Pachomius, Saint, 88, 119, 1619, 1859-1863, 1876, 1969
and Abraham of Minuf, Saint, 13-14
abstinence practice, 17
altar dedications, 711
and amma term, 2, 3
on Antinoopolis, 144
and Apa Hor the Ascetic, 2084
as archimandrite, 193
army service, 649
and Bakhanis-Tmoushons, 331
biographies of, 1663, 1860-1861; see also Life of Saint
Pachomius; Lives of Pachomius
as cenobitic monasticism founder, 1138, 1661-1662, 1664-1665
churches dedicated to, 730
convent establishment, 1663, 1822, 2325
Coptic language texts of, 1168, 1451-1452, 1453, 1859
on Coptic medicine, 1578
on costume of the religious, 652, 654
and Dayr al-Shuhada’, 868
depicted in Coptic art, 270, 727, 754
as desert father, 894
disciples of, 635, 2055, 2144
and Elias of Samhtid, 953
feast day, 2085
as hegumenos, 1215
and Horsiesios, Saint, 1257
influence on Ethiopian monasticism, 990
instructions of, 1862-1863
Isna birthplace, 1312
and Julian the Apostate’s death, 1382
and Letter of Ammon, 1445
letters of, 1863
monasteries of, 729, 731, 757, 802, 803, 825, 840-841, 1654, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1661-1663, 1973-1974, 2197; see also Monasticism, Pachomian
and monastery libraries, 1448
and Palamon, Saint (fourth century), 2086
personal characteristics, 2240
and Petronius, Saint, 1952, 2086
rules of, 32, 119, 1861-1862
and Shenutean monasticism, 1453
Souros as disciple of, 635, 2144
Tabennese as site of first monastery, 2197
and Theodorus of Alexandria, Saint, 2238
and Theodorus of Tabennese, Saint, 2239
use of hisn (protective walls) around monastery, 1237
see also Monasticism, Pachomian; Pbow
Pachomius of Tabennese. See Pachomius, Saint
Pachomius the Younger, 1204, 1864
Pachomius al-Muharraqi, Abuna, 1719
Paese and Tecla, Saints, 1865
martyrdoms of, 841, 1557, 2054
Paganism and Christianity in Egypt, 946, 1865-1870
Abydos site, 38-40
Alexandria, 97-98, 99, 100
altars, 105-106
Canopus as pagan center, 31
Chaldean Oracles, 516
Coptic bone and ivory carvings, 405-406
Decius, Emperor, and, 889-991
Horus linked with legend of Saint George, 1762
Isis cult at Philae, 1954
Julian the Apostate and, 1380-1382
Luxor and Lu~or temples, 1484-1485
martyrs. See subhead persecutions
Nonnos of Panopolis influence, 1799
Nubians and, 1818
persecutions, 1935-1937, 1943, 1944-1945, 1960-1961
poetry, 1879
Theodosius I, Emperor, antipagan measures, 1869, 1870, 2248
Theophilus, Patriarch, temple destruction, 31-32, 134, 2248
uprising against Peter II, 1947
see also Mythological subjects in Coptic art; Temples; specific
names of deities
Pagarch, 1871-1872, 2023
and Arab conquest of Egypt, 189
archives of, 226
archives of Papas and, 228-229
and taxation in Roman Eqypt, 2205
Paint, 1872
Painted ceramics, Coptic, 484-486
Painting, Coptic mural, 1872-1875
from ‘Abdallah Nirqi excavation, 4
‘Alam Shaltat, 1874
Arab conquest impact on, 275-276
Bawit, 272-273, 367-368
church at Dayr al-Fakhuri, 804
as church decoration, 739
in churches, 1874-1875
Copt-Muslim frescoes, 1311
Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 726-727
Dayr Anba Bula, 743-744
Dayr Anba Hadra, 746, 747, 747
Dayr Anba Maqar, 753-754, 754
Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 760
Dayr Anba Shinudah, 764
Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Saqqara), 777-779, 1659, 1660
Dayr al-Baramus, 793, 793-794, 794
Dayr Shuhada’, 868-869
Faras murals, 1090-1091, 1091
frescoes of Church of Saint Antony, 722
fresco technique, 1872
funerary murals, 1873
and Greek language use in Christian Nubia, 1171
inscriptions as legends for, 1291
Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 1391- 1392
in Kellia rooms, 1408-1409
Mareotis, 1527-1528
medieval Nubian, discovery of, 1185
in monasteries, 1659-1660, 1873-1874, 1875
saint portraits, 2004
in secular buildings, 1873
techniques, 1872-1873
see also Monastery paintings
Paintings
Coptic styles of, 267-268, 272-273
Ethiopian Orthodox Church, 998
oldest known of cherubim, 751
see also Art and architecture, Coptic; Art, historiography of;
Icons; Portraiture
Pakhoras. See Faras
Pakire (artist-monk), 804
Palaemon, Saint (hermit), 1876, 2086
Palamon, Saint (fourth century) church of, 757
feast day, 2086
monasteries dedicated to, 1973-1974
Pachomius as disciple, 1859
see also Dayr Anba Palaemon
Palamon, Saint, 1427, 1876
Palanque, (Henri Amedée) Charles, 1876
Palau-Ribes Collection (Barcelona), 1895
Paleography. See Appendix
Palestine
Acacian schism and, 45
monasticism origins in, 1663
see also Holy Land; Jerusalem, Coptic See of; Mount Sinai
Monastery of Saint Catherine
Palettes (arm bands), 1606
Palladius, 88, 894, 1876-1877
on abba and amma terms, 3
and costume of the religious, 650, 652
and Cronius of Nitria, 2083
on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701
desert fathers term use by, 894
on Didymus the Blind, 900
on Evagrius Ponticus, 1076-1077
Historia lausiaca compared with Historia monachorum in
Aegypto, 1238
on Isaac, Saint, 1304
on Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1316
and John of Lycopolis, 1363, 1365
on Kellia, 1397
Lausiac History, 7
and Macarius Alexandrinus, 1490
on monasteries for women, 1663
as monk in Pempton region, 1931
on monks’ hymn-singing, 1733
on Nitria, 1796
on numbers of Pachomian monks, 1662
Pachomian document (“Rule of the Angel”), 1862
on Pambo, Saint, 1877, 1878
on Paphnutius, 1884
on Paul the Simple, 1923
on Sarapion, 2094, 2095
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2250
see also Historia lausiaca
Palladius (pagan prefect), uprising against Peter II, 1947
Palladius, Abba (Thessalonian monk), 1467
Palladius, Bishop of Helenopolis, on flight into Egypt, 1118
Palm Sunday, 1103-1104
and Anaphora of Saint Gregory, 124-125
cross with tapers, 1469
and events of Holy Week, 1251
Hosanna use on, 1258
pilgrimages to Dayr al-Muharraq, 840
Pambo, Saint, 113, 1076, 1733, 1877-1878
and Ammonius of Kellia, 2082
feast day, 2086
and Hilaria, Saint, 1230-1231
and monasteries in Nitria, 1795
Pamin. See Poemen, Saint
Pamin, Saint, 1553, 1649, 1878, 2269
Pamio (scribe), 1961
Pamo. See Pambo, Saint
Pamphilus, Saint, 1879
in defense of Origen, 471, 1071
and Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070, 1071
martyrdom, 1557
Pamprepios of Panopolis, 1879
and Hellenization, 1168
and Nonnos of Panopolis, 1799
Pamun and Sarmata (martyrs), 1557
Pandektes, 77
Panegyric of Saint Michael (Theophilus of Alexandria), 1782
Panels, wooden, 2345-2346, 2345-2347
Panephysis, 1648
Panesneu, Saint (martyr), 1880, 1557
Paneu. See Panine and Paneu, Saints
Panine and Paneu, Saints, 40, 1880-1881
in Idfa, 1280
and Psote of Psoï, 2032
Pan-Islamism, 1995, 1996
Pano. See Pambo, Saint
Panoplia (Michael Cerularius), 1113
Panopolis. See Akhmim
Pantaenus, 1881
and Alexandrian theology, 103- 104
and the Catechetical School of Alexandria, 469,. 474
and Coptic education, 931-932
Indian missions, 892, 1635, 1881
Pantaleon (Christian governor of Antioch), 1307
Pantaleon, Saint (martyr), 1881-1882, 1557, 1840
Pantalewon (Pantaleon), Ethiopian saint, 1046
Paolo da Lodi, Friar, 1122
Papacy. See Pope; Roman Catholic church; specific names
Papadopoulos, Chrysostomos, on Dayr al-Sultan, 873
Papas, archives of, 228-229
Paper, medical manuscripts, 1887-1888
Paphnutius, Bishop of Upper Thebaid (“martyr without bloodshed)”, 1557
Paphnutius, Saint (tenth-century monk and bishop), 1882, 2086
Paphnutius the Hermit, Saint, 727, 1882-1883, 2262
account of journey in the desert, 120, 1882
death and relics at Dayr al-Sham‘, 863, 1883
as desert father, 894
feast day, 1557, 2086
and Onophrius, Saint, 1841- 1842
Paphnutius Kephalas. See Paphnutius of Scetis, Saint
Paphnutius of Pbow, Saint, 1557, 1883-1884, 2086
Paphnutius of Scetis, Saint, 1883, 1884
and Cassian, John, 462
feast day, 2086
and Theophilius on anthropomorphism, 1884, 2103
Paphnutius of Tabennese, Saint (fifth century), 1882, 2086
and Monastery of the Metanoia, 1609
Papias, Bishop of Hierapolis, 1531
Papohé See Phib
Papylas (martyr), 1557
Papyri, Coptic
Acts, Michigan papyrus of, 58
Chester Beatty collection, 519
Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Saqqara) find, 773
Dayr Apa Phoibammon find, 780
Dayr al-Hammam find, 806
Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) find, 854
Fayyum Gospel fragment, 1100
Ibscher, Hugo, restoration of, 1274-1275
Karanis find, 1390
magical texts, 1501-1502, 1500, 1501, 1502
on medicine, 1578, 1579, 1581
as source material for arabization of Egypt, 937
see also Manuscripts
Papyri, Coptic literary, 1884-1885, 1889
examples of Hos, 1726, 1726
Papyri, Coptic medical, 1886-1888, 1889
Papyri, Greek language, 1166, 1890-1896, 1898, 1900
Papyri, Manichaean, 2106
Papyrology, 1888-1889, 2107
Wessely, Carl Franz Josef, 2321
Wilcken, Ulrich, 2322
Papyrus
preservation and restoration of, 279, 1274-1275
see also Bookbinding; Manuscripts
Papyrus Berolinensis (Coptic codex), 1149
Papyrus collections, 1885, 1890-1896
Akhmim fragments, 80
archives, 226-227
Beatty, Chester, 380-382, 518-519, 1899-1900
Bodmer, Martin, 404-405
Maspero catalogue, 1562
Nash Papyrus, 1775, 1775
Rainer Papyrus, 1100, 2049
Schubart, Wilhelm, studies, 2107
Vienna, University of, 1389
Papyrus discoveries, 1898-1900
archives, 226-227
and Coptological studies, 615
Nag Hammadi codices, 1771
Oxyrhynchus Papyri, 1857-1858
Papyrus Egerton. See Egerton Gospel
Papyrus Institute, Florence, 1894
Parable, of faith and the mustard seed, 11
Parabolani, and Cyril I, Saint, 67 1-673
Paraclete, 1520
Paradise, 1900-1901
see also Heaven
Paradise (Enanisho), 2, 3
Paradise of Orthodoxy, 1089
Paraetonium, as Greek town in Egypt, 1180
Paralipomena Jeremiou, 166
Paralipomena Pachomius, 1860, 1861
Parallos. See Burullus, al-
Paramelle, Joseph, 1749
Paramone, 1901
and fasting, 2099
Paraphrase of Seth (Hippolytus), 1902
Paraphrase of Shem, 1901-1902
as Old Testament apocrypha, 166
used by Basilides, 356-357
Parchasinus (Roman legate), 914
Parchment, 1902-1903
codex, 565-566
medical manuscripts, 1886-1887
preservation of, 279
Parekklesia, 1903
added to Dayr Anba Bishoi, 735
in Church of Mar Mina, 320
Church of Saint Antony, 725
Paris, France. See Louvre Museum; National Library
Paris, Treaty of, 1941
Parmenas (first deacon), 885
Parmenian, Bishop, 920
Parmenides (Plato), 1981
Paromeos. See Dayr al-Baramus
Parthey, Gustav Friedrich Constantin, 1903
Parthian horseman, 538, 538, 1259
Parties, political. See Political parties
Pascha, 1903-1904
holy chrism use during, 521
see also Passover
Paschal controversy, 81, 84, 436, 892, 1792, 1904, 1905-1906, 1997
Book of Epact and Demetrius I, 409-411, 1104
Paschal lamb, 1060, 1904
Passions of martyrs. See Cycle; Martyrs, Coptic; specific martyrs
Passion Week, 1095
Passover, 1095, 1101, 1152, 1792, 1903-1904, 1905
anamnesis relationship, 120
and Last Supper, 1060-1061
see also Eucharist; Pascha
Pastophorium, 216
Pastoralism, depicted in Coptic art, 1766-1767
Pastoral staff, 1468, 1468
Patape, Bishop of Qift, 1557, 1907-1908
Patasius, Saint, 1908, 2086
Paten, as Eucharistic vessel, 1065
Paten veil. See Eucharistic Veils
Paterae, 1596, 1596
Patermuthius, Saint, 1908, 2086
Patriarch, 1909
biographies by Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib, 1463
chrism consecration by, 522
chronology of, 33
Egyptian taxation of, 1414
as head of ecclesiastical hierarchy, 2015, 2193-2194
History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241
Holy Synod, 2193-2194
liturgical insignia, 1468-1469
liturgical vestments, 1476-1477
problems in late antiquity, 944
selection of, 1999
see also Pope in the Coptic church; Patriarchs; specific names
Patriarch, consecration of, 1909-1910, 1912, 2000
Patriarchal deputy, 1911
Patriarchal election, 1911-1912
Patriarchal Library, Alexandria, 1532
Patriarchal residences, 92, 689-690, 1912-1913, 1999-2000
Patriarchs (Old Testament), apocrypha of the, 163-164
Patriarchs, Testaments of. See Testaments of the patriarchs
Patriarchs of the See of Saint Mark
Abilius, 8
Abraham, 10-11
Achillas, 55-56
Agathon of Alexandria, 65-66
Agrippinus, 72, 72
Alexander I, 8 1-85
Alexander II, 85-87
Anastasius, 125-126
Andronicus, 131-132, 131-132
Anianus, 133-134
Athanasius I, 298-302
Athanasius II, 302
Athanasius III, 302-303
Benjamin I, 375-377
Benjamin II, 377-378
Cerdon, 511
Cyril I, 67 1-675
Cyril II, 675-676
Cyril III ibn Laqlaq, 677
Cyril IV, 677-679
Cyril V, 679
Cyril VI, 679-681
Damian, 688-689
Dioscorus I, 912-9 15
Dioscorus II, 915
Eumenius, 1069
Gabriel I, 1127
Gabriel II ibn Turayk, 1127-1129
Gabriel IV, 1129-1130
Gabriel V, 1130-1132
Gabriel VII, 1133-1134
Gabriel VIII, 1135
Gabriel VI, 1133
Gaianus (rival), 1138
Isaac, 1303
Jacob, 1318
John I, 1337
John II, 1337
John III, the Merciful, 1337
John IV, 1338-1339
John V, 1340-1341
John VI, Saint, 1341-1342
John VII, 1342-1343
John VIII, 1343-1344
John IX, 1344
John X, 1344
John XI, 1344-1345
John XII, 1346
John XIII, 1346-1347
John XIV, 1347
John XV, 1347-1348
John XVII, 1348-1350
John XVIII, 1350
John XIX, 1351
Julian, 1380
Justus, 1386
Kha’il I, 1410-1412
Kha’il II, 1412
Kha’il III, 1412-1413
Maqrizi history on, 1525
Marcianus, 1526
Mark I as first, 1528-1533
Mark II, 1533-1534
Mark III, 1534-1536
Mark IV, 1536-1537
Mark V, 1537
Mark VI, 1537
Mark VII, 1537-1538
Mark VIII, 1538-1539
Matthew I, 1569-1570
Matthew II, 1571
Matthew III, 1571
Matthew IV, 1571
Maximus, 1574-1575
Michael IV, 1614-1615
Michael V, 1615-1616
Michael VI, 1616
Mina I, 1631-1632
Mina II, 1632-1633
Peter 1,1943-1946
Peter II, 1947
Peter III Mongus, 1947-1948
Peter IV, 1948
Peter V, 1948-1949
Peter VI, 1949-1950
Peter VII, 1950
Philotheus, 1959-1950
portraits at Old Church Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 726
Simon I, 2138-2139
Simon II, 2139
Theodorus, 2237
Theodosius I, 2241
Theodosius II, 2241-2242
Theonas, 2244-2246
Theophanes, 2247
Theophilus, 2247-2252
Timothy I, 2263
Timothy II Aelurus, 2263- 2267
Timothy III, 2268
Yusab I, 2362-2363
Yusab II, 2362
Zacharias, 2367-2368
see also History of the Patriarchs
Patrician Monastery. See Monastery of the Patrician
Patristics, 1920-1921
collection, 1778
Patrologia Orientalis, 1921
Patrologia Orientalis edition. See Synaxarion, Copto-Arabic
Patrology, 1921
see also Patristics
Paul, Apostle and Saint
and ablution, 9
on anathema, 127
and Antony, Saint, 1733
on celibacy, 476
churches and monasteries dedicated to, 849, 854
on circumcision, 1106
and creation of bishops, 2015
depiction in Coptic art, 529
early Christian feast observance, 1101
on Egyptian worship, 1867
epistles on deacons, 885
on Good Friday, 1104
on heaven, 1214
on interpretation of the Resurrection, 1104
on Kiss of Peace, 1416
laqqan use on feast day of, 1426
and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433
and Mark, Saint, 1529, 1530
on marriage, 1542, 1544, 1545
and matins, 1568-1569
on the nature of Christ, 524
on Paradise, 1901
on Phoebe, deaconess, 888
prayer of, 2007
and Thecla, Saint, 540-54 1
on types, 2283
see also Apocalypse of Paul; Dayr Anba Bula
Paul IV, Pope (Rome), 1134
Paul of Aigina, 1922, 77
Paul of Akhmim, Bishop, 762
Paul of Bahnasa, Bishop, 1922
Paul of Benhadab, Saint, 1922, 2086
Paul the Black, Patriarch of Antioch, 1922-1923
consecrated by Jacob Baradaeus, 1319
Damian and, 688, 689
Paulinus of Aquileia, 1112
Paulinus of Nola, Bishop, 1930
Paul, Longinus, and Zeno (martyrs), 1557
Paul of Mendes, 1965
Paul and Salfana (martyrs), 1557
Paul of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch, 911, 1484, 1575, 1638
Paul the Simple, Saint, 2-3, 727, 1923, 2086
wall paintings of, 727
Paul the Solitary. See Bulus al-Habis, Saint
Paul the Syrian (martyr), 1557
Paul of Tamma, Saint, 154, 362, 1557, 1923-1925, 2029, 2262
Paul of Thebes, Saint, 1925-1926
and anachoresis, 120, 129, 130, 1661
churches dedicated to, 721, 741, 742
and Dayr Anba Bula site, 741
as desert father, 894
feast day, 2086
paintings of, 754
Paulus Orosius, 1930
Pbow, 1926-1929, 1657
Abraham of Farshut as archimandrite, 11-12
archaeology, 1927-1929
and Bakhanis-Tmoushons, 331
and church architecture in Egypt, 552-553
history of, 1926-1927
Pachomian monastic center at, 1657, 1665, 1860
Paphnutius, Saint, of, 1883-1884
and Stephen of Hnes, 2154
Theodorus of Tabennese and, 2239
and Victor of Tabennese, 2308
see also Monasticism, Pachomian
The Pearl of Great Value. See Durr al-Thamin, al
Pectoral crosses, 1468
Peeters, Paul, 1445, 1929
Pehke, 707, 1679
Peiresc, Nicolas Claude de Fabri, Seigneur de, 1929, 1977
Peisouchos (crocodile god), 1390
Pejosh. See Bajush (martyr)
Pelagianism, 1929-1930
condemned by Ephesus, First Council of, 959-960, 1930
Cyril I, Saint and, 673
Jerome, Saint and, 1323
Pelagia, Saint, 2086
Pelagius, 1929-1930
Pelagius II, Pope (Rome), 1339
Pellegrini, Astorre, 1931
Pelusium. See Farama, al-
Pelusium, Isidorus, Saint, 1308-1310
Pemdje. See Bahnasa, al-
Pempton, 125, 1931
Penalization, 1931-1932
anathema, 127-128
and audientia episcopalis, 308
excommunication, 1079-1080
Penance, 1932, 1945
and absolution, 15-16
Phib, Saint, associated with, 1954
and unction of the sick, 2291
Pen cases, 1933, 1961
Pendants, 1606
Pendektes (Akhrtin), 77
Pendeme. See Qasr Ibrim
Penitence. See Absolution; Confession and penitence
Pentapolis, 1529, 1638, 1933- 1935
metropolitan see of, 1612-1613
Paraetonium as capital, 1180
Pentateuch
Arabic versions of, 1833-1834
collected manuscripts of, 1776-1777
in Jewish canon, 2108
Philo philosophical thought based on, 1957
Pentecost, 1105-1106
and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1250
and Fast of the Apostles, 1093
and genuflection, 1139
Gnostic version of, 1446
lectionary for, 1437
Letter of Peter to Philip on, 1446
pilgrimages to Dayr al-Muharraq, 840
People of the covenant. See Ahl al-Dhimmah
People’s Party, 1992
Pepin, F., 854
Pepin the Short, 1112
Percussion instruments, 1732, 1738-1739
see also specific kinds
Periodicals. See Press, Coptic; Press, Egyptian; specific titles
Persecutions, 1935-1937
Alexander II patriarchy and,86-87
in Alexandria, 99, 100
by Arianus, 230-23 1
Canonical Letter provisions, 1944-1945, 1946
Constantine I halt to, 588
Cosmas II patriarchy and, 636-637
by Cyrus al-Muqawqas, 188, 682-683, 682
by Decius, Emperor, 889-890
destruction of Christian manuscripts, 1885
by Diocletian. See Diocletian, Emperor
Eusebius of Caesarea chronicle, 1071
by al-Hakim Bi-Amr-Illah Abu ‘Ali Mansur, 1201-1203, 2313-2314
imagery of, 1961
Islamic (fifteenth-century), 1129, 1130
Islamic (fourteenth-century), 750, 1343-1344, 1949
Islamic (thirteenth-century), 1267, 1268
by Mamluks, 941, 1343, 1517-1518, 1535, 1949, 2313-2316
by Maximian, Emperor, 1082, 1110, 2057
Melchite, 188
of Monophysites, 590, 1674, 1676, 1923
by Nero, Emperor, 1785
Peter I and, 1943, 1944-1945
by Romans, 892-893, 903, 909-910, 912, 1110, 1548-1549, 1550-1559, 1868-1869, 1935-1937, 2231-2233; see also names of specific emperors
Saladin’s anti-Coptic decrees, 1535
see also Great Persecution; Martyrology; Martyrs, Coptic
Persia, Christian martyrs in, 1151-1152
Persians in Egypt, 1938-1940
and administrative organization, 946-947
impact on Alexandria, 131-132
influences on Coptic art, 2097-2098
Nawruz celebration, 1784
Pisentius on, 1979
see also Arab conquest of Egypt
Personal status courts, 1941-1942
Personal status law, 1941-1943
Pertinax, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914
Pesah. See Pascha Pesenetai. See Khandaq, al-
Peter (fourteenth-century scribe), 927
Peter, Apostle and Saint
Act of Peter, 57
Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles, 57
Apocalypse of, 160-161
in Apocryphon of James, 169
apostolic see, 181
churches and monasteries dedicated to, 849, 854
and funerary stelae, 705
on Good Friday, 1104
and Gospel of Saint Mark, 1158, 1159, 1161
and Holy Spirit, 1446
on Incarnation, 1287-1288
on Kiss of Peace, 1416
laqqan use on feast day of, 1426
and Mark, Saint, 1529, 1530- 1531
and Mary Magdalene’s spiritual leadership, 1155
and Michael, Archangel, 1618
monasteries dedicated to, 1467
and origin of antiphonal chanting, 148
paintings of, 529, 869
and penitence, 584
on salvation, 1285
and Transfiguration, 1108-1109
see also Apocalypse of Peter
Peter I, Archbishop of Jerusalem. See Jerusalem, Coptic See of
Peter I, Patriarch, 55, 81, 1943-1946
and Achillas, 81
and Arius, 231
Canonical Letter on persecutions, 1944-1945, 1946
dates of patriarchy, 1914
and Diocletian’s persecutions, 907
encomiums honoring, 400, 1117
on Eucharist, 1061
excommunication of Arius, 231
execution of, See subhead martyrdom
homilies and letters of, 1617, 1945- 1946
and Lithazomenom and Saint Peter’s Bridge, 1467
martyrdom, 1557, 1869, 1937, 1945, 2031
and Melitian schism, 1584, 1585
and Melitius, 609, 1585
on Michael the Archangel, 1617
and Theonas, 2246
on Wednesday and Friday fasting, 1096
Peter II, Saint and Patriarch, 1947
dates of patriarchy, 1914
feast day, 2086
successor, 2263
Peter III Mongus, Patriarch, 1947-1948
and Acacian schism, 42-47, 55
anathematized by Severus of Antioch, 2124
as anti-Chalcedonian, 2370
dates of patriarchy, 1915
and Henoticon edict, 1218, 1534, 1670, 1671
and Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608, 1609
as successor to Timothy II Aelurus, 2266
and Timothy Salofaciolus as patriarch, 2269
Peter IV, Patriarch, 1948
Damian and, 688
dates of patriarchy, 1915
at Dayr Ebifania, 800
and the Enaton, 95, 956-957
feast day, 2086
and John of Parallos, 1368
and Paul the Black, 1923
residence and refuge outside of Alexandria, 94
Peter V, Patriarch, 1948-1949
consecrated at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550
dates of patriarchy, 1917
Peter VI, Patriarch, 399, 427, 1348, 1949-1950
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Ethiopian prelates, 399, 1028, 1032
as monk at Dayr Anba Bula, 742
Peter VII, Patriarch, 1248, 1614, 1950
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Ethiopian prelates, 1034, 1035
as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 723
and Sa‘d Mikha’il ‘Abdu, 2073
Tadrus al-Mashriqi history of, 2197
Peter of Akhmim. See Pshoi, Saint
Peter of Apamea, 2124
Peter the Ascetic. See Peter of Scetis, Saint
Peter Callinicus, Patriarch of Antioch, 688, 689
Peter de Lusignan. See Pierre de Lusignan
Peter the Elder. See Peter the Presbyter, Saint
Peter the Fuller, Patriarch of Antioch, 1218, 1671
Peter the Great, Saint, 2086
Peter the Iberian, 44, 1218, 1672
Peter Mongus. See Peter III Mongus
Peter the Presbyter, Saint, 1922, 1951, 2086
Peter al-Sadamanti. See Butrus al-Sidmanti
Peter of Scetis, Saint, 1951, 2086
Petersen, Theodore, 1951
Petra. See Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud
Petraeus, Theodor, 1951
Petrie, W. A. F., 786, 806, 1726
Petronius, Saint, 1952
feast day, 2086
as Pachomius’s successor, 1664
and Pbow, 1927
and Theodorus of Tabennese, 2240
Petros I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001- 1002
Petros II, Ethiopian prelate, 1018-1019
Petros III, Ethiopian prelate, 1020-1021
Petros IV, Ethiopian prelate, 1038
Peyron, Amedeo Angelomaria, 1952
Phantasiasts
on Incarnation, 1288
see also Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus
Pharan (oasis), 1952-1953, 1976
Pidjimi, Saint, at, 1966, 1967
Pharos, island of, 90, 93, 96, 101
Pharos Lighthouse, 90
Pherme. See Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud
Phib, Saint, 1551, 1953-1954, 2086
and Bawit founding, 362, 843
see also Apollo of Bawit, Saint
Philae, 1657, 1954-1956
castrum of, 236, 467
inscriptions found at, 1292
memorial stone, 1294
monasticism, 1955-1956
as pagan sanctuary, 1178
pharaonic-style temples at, 1865
worship of Isis at, 107, 1801;
see also Temple of Isis
Philas, Saint, 2086
Phileas, Bishop of Tmuis, 907, 1937
Philemon. See Apollonius and Philemon; Heracleas and Philemon
Philip (first deacon), 885
Philip. See Gospel of Philip
Philip, Apostle and Saint on
Good Friday, 1104
and Holy Spirit, 1446
Philip, Saint. See Philas, Saint
Philip of Anatolia, Bishop, 1956
Philip the Arabian, Emperor, 889
Philip of Damanhur (martyr), 1554
Philip the Good of Burgundy,1572
Philipps Library, Cheltenham, England, 1893
Philippus, Bishop of Memphis, 1587
Philippus, Emperor, 909 patriarch under, 1914
Philip of Side, 2016-20 17
Philo of Alexandria, 103, 104, 1865, 1956-1957
apologists in tradition of, 175
Eusebius on, 1530
on Judaism, 176
and Origen, 1850
Philocalia (Origen), 1853, 1854
Philology. See Language, Coptic; other specific languages
Philopater. See Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint
Philoponoi. See Confraternity
Philoponus, 916
Philosophers
Alexander of Lycopolis, 87-88
Alexandrian in late antiquity, 100
Asclepiades, 283, 283
Celsus, 478-479
Chairemon of Alexandria, 512
Heraiscus, 1221-1222
Horapollon, 1255-1256
Philo of Alexandria, 1956-1957
Plotinus, 1981-1982
Synesius, 2192
see also Catechetical School of Alexandria
Philosophy, 1958
and Alexandrian theology, 103-104
Arabic, 6
at the Enaton, 956
eschatology, 973-974
see also Philosophers; specific philosophies, e.g., Platonism
Philostorgius, 1958-1959
Philotheus, Patriarch, 1959-1960
and Damru, 689
dates of patriarchy, 1916
and Ethiopian prelates, 1002
language of liturgy under, 1134
Life of Latson, 1427
and Paphnutius, Saint, 1882
patriarchal residence, 1912
Philotheus of Antioch, Saint, 1960-1961
martyrdom, 1557, 2054
monasteries dedicated to, 848, 861, 862, 1657
pilgrimages to sanctuary of, 1974
Philoxenus of Mabbug, 1961-1962
and Acacian schism, 44
monophysitism, 1672-1673
and Severus of Antioch, 2124
Philuthawus Ibrahim al-Baghdadi, 1630, 1962-1963
role in Coptic education, 563, 931-933
Phis, Saint, 1963, 2086
Phocas (martyr). See Fugas
Phocas, Emperor, 126, 688, 1676
patriarch under, 1915
Phoebammon. See Phoibammon of Preht (martyr)
Phoebe (deaconess), 888
Phoibammon, Bishop of Qift, 1769-1770, 2039
Phoibammon, Saint. See Abu Bifam, Saint; Dayr Apa Phoibammon;
Phoibammon of Preht (martyr)
Phoibammon of Preht (martyr), 13, 296, 370, 965, 1093, 1557, 1963-1965
and donation of children, 918
martyrdom, 696, 1557
Phonen, King, 1171
Phonology. See Appendix
Photius, 917
on fllioque, 1113, 1115, 1116
and Pamphilus, Saint, 1879
Phragonis. See Afrajun, al-
Phrim. See Qasr Ibrim
Phyloxenite. See Bahij
Physicians. See Medicine, Coptic
Physiologos, 1337, 1965-1966
Piamot of Dumyat, Bishop, 925
Piankoff, Alexandre, 1966
Pidjimi, Saint, 129-130, 1117, 1966-1967, 2086
Piehl, Karl Fredrik, 1967
Pier. See Pillar
Pierius (“Origen the Younger”), 907, 2246
Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City, 48, 824, 1136, 1449, 1592
papyrus collection, 1895, 1899
Pierre de Lusignan, 1537, 1569
Pietro delle Valle, 1967, 1894
Pihebs (martyr), 1557
Pihur, Pisura, and Asra (martyrs), 1557
Pilasters, wooden, 2345, 2345
Pilate. See Filatis (martyr)
Pilgrimages, 1968-1975
Abu Mina as center for, 24-29
Abydos, 38-42
ban on access to Holy Sepulcher, 1130
bans on Coptic, 1615
famous, 1969-1971
inscriptions attesting, 1291
Islamic sites, 1528
length and dates of, 1968
Muslim interference with, 1538
Rabitat al-Quds (agency), 2049
secular aspect of, 1968-1969
seven specific aspects of, 1968
sites, 1971-1975
to Abraam I, Saint; gravesite, 10
to Abu Mina, 24, 1550, 1969
to Abu Tij, 38
to burning bush site, 1682, 1683
to Dayr Abu Ishaq
to Dayr al-‘Adhra’, 714
to Dayr Anba Bisadah, 732
to Dayr Anba Palaemon, 757
to Dayr Anba Shinudab, 765
to Dayr al-‘Azab, 784
to Dayr Durunkah, 799
to Dayr al-Maghtis, 818-819
to Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il, 823
to Dayr Mar Jirjis al-Jadidi, 832
to Dayr Mar Mina (Gharbiyyah), 833
to Dayr Mar Mina (Jabal Abu Fudah), 834
to Dayr al-Muharraq, 840
to Dayr Sitt Dimyanah, 872, 903
to Dayr Yuhanna, 882
to Egyptian monasteries, 2066
to Kafr al-Dayr, 1656
to martyrs’ sanctuaries, 1550
to Mazar al-Sayyidah al-‘Adhra’ (rock church), 853
to Qasr Ibrim, 2037
to Saint Dimyanah residence site, 903
to tomb of Marqus al-Antuni, 1699
to tomb of Psote of Psoï, 2030
Pilgrims and travelers in Christian Egypt, 1975-1977
Pococke, Richard, 1983
Pillar, 217
Pillar of the Faith. See Cyril I, Saint and Patriarch
Pimandjoili, 1977
Pinon, Carlier du, 1977
Pior, Saint, 894, 2086
Piriminius, on Apostles’ Creed, 178
Piroou and Athom (martyrs), 695, 971, 1089, 1558
Pisentius, Saint and Bishop of Armant (seventh century), 1978, 2086
Pisentius, Saint and Bishop of Hermonthis (Armant) (fourth-fifth
century), 1353-1354, 1978, 2086
Pisentius, Saint and Bishop of Qift (Coptos), 703, 779, 1448, 1892, 1978-1980
archive of, 227
Coptic works on, 1455- 1456
correspondence of, 401-402
depicted in Coptic art, 727
feast day, 2086
John the Presbyter life of, 1368
monastery of, 757, 8 19-821
and Persian conquest of Egypt, 1939
see also Pseudo-Pisentius of Qift
Pispir, 838
Pistis Sophia, 897, 1148-1149, 1155
Pisura. See Pihur, Pisura, and Asra (martyrs)
Pisura, Saint and Bishop of Masil (martyr), 1558, 1980
Pitchers. See Water vessels
Pitiryon, Saint, 2086
Pius IX, Pope (Rome), 1373
Pius XII, Pope (Rome), 1942
Piusammon, Bishop of Nikiou, 1793- 1794
Pjol, Anba, 1974, 1981
and Dayr Anba Shinudah founding, 378—379
and Shenute, Saint, 737, 762
Place names. See Toponymy, Coptic
Plagues, 86, 910, 1130, 1536—1537, 1633, 1867, 2045, 2242
see also Black Death
Plain weaving, Coptic textiles, 2217
Plants, in paintings at Bawit, 371
Plaques, bone and ivory carvings, 406
Plated boxes, 1605
Plates and Dishes. See Ceramics, Coptic; Metalwork, Coptic; Tableware
Plato, 1957, 1981
see also Platonism; Plato’s Republic
Platonism, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1519, 1547
Celsus, 478—479
Christian apologia and, 176
see also Neoplatonism
Plato’s Republic, 1149, 1981
Coptic translation, 1958
Plerophoria (John of Mayuma), 1670, 1735
Pliny the Elder, 1902
Plotinus, 1868, 1981-1982
doctrine of soul’s divinity, 1265
Ploumários (Coptic textile term), 2221
Plutarch (martyr), 892
Pochan, André, 704
Pococke, Edward, 1266
Pococke, Richard, 1349, 1977, 1983
Poebarumon, Saint, 1137
Poemen, Saint, 3, 862, 1983—1984
feast day, 2086
hypothesis of two, 1983
and John Colobos, 1360, 1360, 1668
on Sisoes, 2141
Poemen and Eudoxia. See Benjamin and Eudoxia (martyrs)
Poetry, 1985-1986
in ‘Abd al-Masih manuscript, 5
by Abu Hulayqah, 19
Alexandrian in late antiquity, 100
Chaldean Oracles, 516
Christodoros of Coptos, 544
Copto-Arabic, 1465-1466, 1467
by Dioscorus of Aphrodito, 916
Greek-language Egyptian, 1177-1178
Nonnos of Panopolis epic, 1799
pagan, 1879
translations into German, 2067
Poggibonsi, 1977
Poikiltes (Coptic textile term), 2221
Poland, Coptic collections, 1711
Polemon, 1638
Polish Center of Mediterranean Archaeology, 1091
Political activity, modern Coptic. See Coptic Reform Society;
Political parties
Political parties, 1986—1993, 1994, 2322-2324
and Egyptian national unity, 950-951
Mustafa Kamil, 1747-1748
Sa‘d Zaghlul, 2074-2075
Political thought in modern Egypt, 1636-1637, 1993-1996
democratic trend, 1995
Makram Ebeid, 1515-1516
Mikhail, Kyriakos, 1627-1628
national liberal trend, 1994-1995
religious political trend, 1995-1996
Sa‘d Zaghlul, 2074
Salamah Musa, 2088-2089
socialist trend, 1996
Wissa Wassef, 2322-2324
Poll tax. See Jizyah
Polycarp, Saint and Bishop of Smyrna, 1558, 1905, 1997-1998
as apostolic father, 180
and Ignatius of Antioch letters, 1281, 1282
letters of, 1997—1998
life of, 1997
patristic writings, 1920
Polycrates of Ephesus, Bishop, 1585, 1905
Pompey’s Pillar (Alexandria), 96
Pool of the Ethiopians, 796
Pope in the Coptic church, 1998-1999
as bishop of Alexandria and Cairo, 2193
and bishop’s consecration, 395-398
and Coptic monasteries, 2194
Heraclas, Saint, and first use of title, 1219
as patriarch of Alexandria, 2193
patriarch title interchangeable with, 1909
see also Patriarch; Patriarchs; specific names
Porch, 217
Porcher, Ernest, 2000-2001
Porphyrius, predictions of, 1867, 1868
Porphyry (Coptic sculpture), 2113, 2114-2115
Porphyry (martyr), 1558
Porphyry (pupil of Plotinus), 1265, 1981
Portais, Father, 1972
Portraiture, Coptic, 2001-2006
of bishops, 402-403
bust of Mark, Saint, 529
of monastic founders, 1660
paintings of Mark, Saint, 1532
Portugal, Coptic collections in, 1711
Posidonios. See Dayr Posidonios
Posniakoff, Basil, 2050
Postumian
on Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721
on Dayr Anba Bula, 742
on Dayr al-Maymun, 838
Potamioena (martyr), 892
Potstands. See Ceramics, Coptic, specific types
Potter’s Oracle, 1169
Pottery. See Ceramics, Coptic
Pousei, Bishop of Philae, 1955
Pouto. See Ibtu
Praecepta (Pachomius), 1862
Pratum spirituale (John Moschus), 2050
Praxeas, 1638
“Prayer of Abu Tarbu,” 1507
Prayer of the Apostle Paul, 2007
in the Jung Codex, 569
Prayerbooks. See Euchologion
Prayer of Esaias, 1732-1733
Prayer of Reconciliation, 121, 1416
Prayers
of absolution, 15-16
ashiyah, 311
in the Book of Canonical Hours, 446-449, 1724
as center of Pachomian monastic life, 1665
compline (sleep), 582-583, 900
of confirmation, 138
for consecration of altar, 108-109
for consecration of patriarchs, 1909-1910
copied for amulets, 1504
for the dead, 889
Didache on, 898
fraction, 71
and genuflection, 1139
Good Friday, 1152-1153
Hail Mary, 1199
Kyrie eleison use in, 1421
morning, 71, 1568-1569
morning incense, 2013
of the ninth hour (collect of None), 71
of oblation, 71
of offertory. See Offertory
for ordination of priests, 2013-2015
orientation toward the East during, 1846
reconciliation, 121, 1416
Saladin’s decrees against, 1535
for the seasons, 443-444
of Thanksgiving, 1715, 2007, 2126
tombstone inscription formulas, 1294-1295
tubh, 2279
vespers, 2301
vigil, 2308
see also Eucharistic literature; Hail Mary; Liturgy; Lord’s Prayer
Prayer of Thanksgiving, 1715, 2007
Pre-Coptic. See Appendix
Prefect, 2007-2009, 2022
powers of, 2008-2009
qualifications, appointment, and term of office, 2008
Pregnancy and birth. See Birth rites and customs
Preht (Abrahat), 771, 795
Phoibammon of, 1963-1965
see also Dayr al-Barshah
Premnis. See Qasr Ibrim
Pre-Old Coptic. See Appendix
Presbyterian National Church. See Coptic Evangelical Church
Presbyters
in ecclesiastical hierarchy, 2015, 2016
see also Hegumenos
Presbytery, 217—218, 220
Prescription books (medical), 1578—1579, 1581, 1582
“Presentation of the Clear Proof for the Necessary Destruction of the
Churches of Old and New Cairo,” 687
Presentation of the Virgin In The Temple, Feast of the. See
Theotokos, Feast of the
Preservation of art. See Art preservation
Preservation of manuscripts, Nag Hammadi codices, 1771-1772
Press, Coptic, 1988, 1989, 2010-2013
Le Monde Copte, 1666
Tadrus Shinudah al-Manqabadi, 2197—2198
see also specific publications
Press, Egyptian, 1990-1991, 1993, 2088
Pretiosa margarita de scientiis ecclesiasticis, 1464
Priest, ordination of, 2013-2015
Priesthood, 2015-2016, 2015
Agathon of Homs on essence of, 68
blessing styles, 404
celibacy, 84
in church hierarchy, 1229
clerical instruction, 564-565
defrocking of, 308, 891
see also Bishop; related subjects
“The Priest of Abu Sarjah.” See Sani Abu al-Majd Butrus ibn
Qanna, al-
Prima. See Qasr Ibrim
Primis. See Qasr Ibrim
Primus, Patriarch, 1913, 2016
Printing press
for Coptic-language publications, 1302
first Coptic, 932
French expedition, 1526
Migne, Jacques-Paul, 1620
Prisca (wife of Diocletian), 2246
Private law, Coptic, 1428—1430
Probus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914
Procession, at bishop’s consecration, 396
Processional cross, 1468
Prochorus, 885
Proclus (composer) (421-485), 1731, 1868
Proclus, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 2016-2019
contested election as bishop of Cyzicus, 399, 2016—2017
Coptic translation of homilies, 1356, 1454, 2017—2018
and the Cycle of John Chrysostom and Demetrius, 667
feast day, 2086
Proclus of Cyzicus. See Proclus, Saint and Patriarch of
Constantinople
Procopius, 2019-2020
on Theodora, Empress, 2234, 2235
Procopius of Alexandria (martyr), 1558
Procopius of Gaza, 907
Proestos, 192, 2021
and hegumenos, 1215
and oikonomos, 1826
Professions of Copts in late medieval Egypt, 1616
Prognostications. See Calendologia
Propaganda Edition, and Old Testament, Arabic versions of the, 1828-1829, 1830, 1831-1832
Property law. See Law of things; Law of obligations
Property tax. See Kharaj
Prophets, Lives of the. See Lives of the prophets; Paralipomena
Jeremiou
Propylon. See Prothyron Proselytization. See Evangeliary;
Evangelist; Missionaries
Prosopographia Arsinoitica (Diethart), 2022
Prosopographie chrétienne du Bas-Empire (Marrou et al.), 2022
Prosopography, 2021-2022
in colophons, 577
inscriptions’ importance, 1291
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire A.D. 260-640
(Jones et al.), 2021-2022
Protennoia, 2276-2277
Proterius (Melchite patriarch), 1441—1442, 1583, 1906
assassination site, 94
opposition to, 1670
Protestantism
American missionaries in Egypt, 1693
Anglican church in Egypt, 133
Coptic Evangelical church, 603—604
see also Luther, Martin
Prothesis, 218
Prothyron, 218
Protodialect. See Appendix
Protomartyr. See Stephen, Saint
Protonike, Empress, 1377-1378
Protopriests. See Hegumenos
Provincial organization of Egypt, 943—944, 959, 2007—2009, 2022-2023
Provost, 2024
Psalmodia, 900, 924, 1687, 1724—1729, 1728, 1736, 2024
during Lent, 2099
Lord’s Prayer, 1481
and sab‘ah wa-arba‘ah, 2017
and Theotokion, 2255
Virgin-censer analogy, 1470
and Watus, 2320
see also Lobsh Adam
Psalms
for altar consecration, 108
canonical hours for reading, 1724
collected manuscripts of, 1777
for consecration of patriarchs, 1909, 1910
in Coptic Good Friday Service, 1152
Coptic magic’s use of, 1504
Coptic translations, 1451
guardian angel concept in, 1186
Holy Week readings, 1251
musical setting, 2024
Psalter, 1731
Psammetichos I, 1165
Psammetichos II, 1166
Pseudo-Athanasius, Canons of. See Canons of Pseudo-Athanasius
Pseudo-Clement of Rome, collection of Book of Rolls, 1777, 1783
Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria, 681, 2025-2026
Pseudo-Demetrius of Phaleron, 1731, 1732
Pseudo-Epiphanius of Cyprus, collected works, 1782
Pseudo-Macarius, homilies of, 722, 2027—2028
Pseudo-Pisentius of Qift, 360, 2028
Pseudo-Proclus, 2018
Pshoi, Saint (Akhmim), 2028—2029, 2082, 2086
Pshoi of Jeremiah, 1924, 1925
Pshoi of Scetis, 1974, 2029-2030
and Life of Maximus and Domitius, Saints, 1576
monasteries associated with, 734, 736-737, 738, 795
and Paul of Tamma, 1924, 1925
pilgrimages to burial site, 1974
and Shanasha, 2127
and vigil legend, 2308
Pshoi of Tud, Saint, 2030, 2086
Psobt-m-p-hoi. See Khandaq, al-
Psoï, 732, 1657, 2030—2031
Dayr Yuhannis at, 883
as Greek town in Egypt, 1175, 1179, 1180-1181
pilgrimages to, 1973
Psote of Psoï, Saint and Bishop, 1980, 2030, 2031—2032
Aswan church of, 294, 295
martyrdom, 1558
and Panine and Paneu, 1880
relics in Dayr Anba Bisadah, 732, 1657
role in Coptic hagiography, 1193
tomb of, 733
see also Dayr Anba Bisadah
Pteleme. See loule and Pteleme (martyrs); Ptolemy of Dandarah (martyr)
Ptolemaeus, 688, 1151
Ptolemais
cult of Homeric gods, 1865
shrines, 1976
Ptolemais Hermiou. See Pso
Ptolemeus the Martyr, church dedicated to, 903, 1412
Ptolemic temples, Dayr al-Madinah on site of, 816, 817-818
Ptolemy, Saint and Bishop of Minuf, 2086
Ptolemy of Dandarah (martyr), 1558
Ptolemy dynasty, 1166, 1175-1176, 1179, 1180-1181
and administrative organization of Egypt, 934
and Alexandria, 95, 97, 103
Dionysiac cult, 1758, 1760
Publications. See Press, Coptic; Press, Egyptian; specific titles
Public law, Coptic, 1430
Publius Licinius Valerianus. See Valerian, Emperor
Puech, Henri-Charles, 2032-2033
Pulcheria, Empress, 2033
and the Assumption of Mary, 292, 290
and Chalcedon, Council of, 513—514, 1441, 1442, 1670, 2033
and Dioscorus I, 914
Pulpit. See Ambo
Punishment, ecclesiastical. See Excommunication; Penalization
Purgatory, 974, 1125
see also Hades
Purification ritual. See Ablution
Pushkin Museum, Moscow, 1895
Pusi, Bishop of Philae, 1295
Putti, 1765-1766, 1766
Pyramids, 34, 2065
Pyrrhus, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1678
Pythagoras, 1867-1868

Q_______________________

Q (source of Gospels of Saint Matthew and Saint Luke), 1163
Qafri (Nubian), 762
Qahirah, al-, 1633
Qalamun, al-, 758, 1658, 2311
Qal‘at al-Babayn, 2035
Qallin, 752, 2036
Qalyub, 2036
Qalyubiyyah Province, monasteries in, 1655
Qamulah
monasteries at, 827-828, 829-830, 1656, 1658
pilgrimages to, 1973—1974
Qamus al-Jughrafi lil-Bilad al-Misriyyah, al- (Muhammad Ramzi), 1695
Qararah, 2036
Qarfunah. See Dayr Durunkab
Qartasa (village), 688
Qasim ibn ‘Ubayd Allah, al-, 762, 764
Qasr Farisi (Persian Castle), 1939
Qasr Ibrim, 2036-2037
as administrative center, 1315
and Ballana kingdom, 332
and Baqt, 344
and Beja tribes, 373
and bishopric of Faras, 1090, 1091
as capital of Nobatia, 1797, 1798
Dotawo documents at, 922
as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813
letters on the eparchs of Nobatia found at, 1798
and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1805
Nubian archives of, 227, 1675, 1816-1817
and Nubian Christian architecture, 1807-1809
and Nubian evangelization, 1802
and Nubian inscriptions, medieval, 1815
and Nubian languages and literature, 1815-1816
and Nubian studies, 615
Qasr Nisimah, 2038
Qasr Qarun, 465, 466, 1873
Qasr al-Sayyad
monasteries near, 1657
pilgrimages to, 1973
see also Jabal al-Tarif
Qasr al-Sham‘, 2038, 1647
and Babylon, 317
church of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1594
Church of al-Mu‘allaqah at, 557-560
Qasr Waheida, 1399-1400, 1404, 1406
Qasr al-Wizz, 1090, 1817���1818
Qatamarus. See Lectionary
Qays, al-, 709, 2038
Qena, monasteries in, 1657
Qerelos I, Ethiopian prelate, 1009
Qerelos II, Ethiopian prelate, 1032-1033
Qerelos III, Ethiopian prelate, 1040-1042
Qibli Qamulah. See Qamulah
Qibriyus, Saint, monastery of, 850
Qift, 98, 1374, 2038-2040, 2043
and Ballas, 333
martyrdoms in, 1907
monasteries in region of, 787-788, 1657-1658
Qina, 2040
Qiryaqus, Metropolitan of the Pentapolis, 1612—1612
Quartodeciman controversy, 1791—1792
Quasten, Johannes, 1921
Qubbah, 332
see also Dome
Quecke, H., 1863, 1894, 1895
Quibell, Annie A., 2040
Quibell, James Edward, 560, 777, 2040
Qulqas (vegetable), 1103
Qulzum, al-. See Clysma
Qummus. See Hegumenos
Qummus Sarjiyus. See Sarjiyus, Malati
Qumran sect, 143
Didache compared with writings of, 898
Qumriyyah (mother superior), 1652
Quna (martyr), 1558
Quqam, as stopping place in flight into Egypt, 840
Qurnah, 800
Qurnat Mar‘i, 849, 857, 1656, 2040—2042, 2041
history, 2040—2041
Monastery of Mark the Evangelist, 2042
Qurrah ibn Sharik (Shurayk), 86, 187
Qus, 66, 67, 2043—2045, 66, 67
monasteries in, 711, 819—820, 657, 1658
Qustantin ibn Abi al-Ma‘ali ibn Abi al-Fath Abu al-Fath, 1182,
2046—2047
Qusur el-‘Abid, 1400
Qusur ‘Isa, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1404—1405, 1406—1407, 1408
Qusur el-‘Izeila, 1395, 1400, 1402, 1404, 1405, 1407, 1408
Qusur el-Ruba‘iyat, 1398—1399, 1401, 1402, 1404, 1408
Qutruz, Sultan, 1517
Quzman, Iskandar, 1467
Quzman of Taha and his companions (martyrs), 1558

R_______________________

Rabbinical teaching, Didache compared with, 898
Rabitat al-Quds, 2049
Rafi‘i, ‘Abdal-Rahman al-, 2010
Rafi‘i, Amin al-, 1990
Rainer, Archduke, 2049
papyri collection (Vienna), 1100, 2049, 2321
Raithou, 2049-2050
and Pharan oasis, 1952
as pilgrimage site, 1976
Rampart. See Hisn
Ramses II, 1485
Ramses III, 53, 1586
Ramses VI, tomb of, 2066
Ramses Wissa Wassef, 2051
Ramshausen, Franciscus Wilhelm von, 2052
Ramzi, M., on Dayr al-Turfah, 882
Ramzi Tadrus. See Literature, Copto-Arabic
Ranke, Hermann, 656, 2052
Raoue (Coptic term), 695
Raphael, Archangel, 101, 190, 2052—2054
Rashid (Rosetta), 925, 2054
Franciscan friary, 1122, 1123
French governors, 1591
Rashid al-Din Abu Sa‘id, 2055
Rashid Rida, Muhammad, 1996
Ras Tafari Makonnen, 1041
Ras Za‘faranah, 741
Ratramnus of Corbie, 1113, 1115
Rayah, al-. See Raithou
Rayramun, al-, Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il, 828—829, 1654
Razi, Fakhr al-Din al-, al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal reply to, 2077
Raziq, ‘Ali Abd, al-, 1996
Readers, in ecclesiastical hierarchy, 1229, 2016
Reading. See Lectionary; Libraries
Rebecca (martyr), 66-67
Recared (Visigoth king), 1112
Recension, characteristics of the Egyptian. See Canons, Apostolic
Reclusion, 2055-2056
Pidjimi, Saint, 1966—1967
women practitioners, 88, 1663
Redline Bookstore, 1628
Red Monastery. See Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj)
Refectory, 735—736, 2056
Reform Party on Constitutional Principles (Hizb al-Islah ‘Ala al-
Mabadi’ al-Dustruriyyah), 1988
The Refutation of Allegorists (Nepos), 911
Refutation and Apology (Dionysius), 911
Regula, Saint, 1082, 1110, 1558, 2057, 2086, 2232
Relics
at Dayr Apa Anub, 770
of Elisha, Prophet, 1646
of John of Sanhut, 1626
kept in wood coffers, 2329—2330
of Mark, Apostle and Saint, 1521—1532, 1573, 1646, 1910
of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592, 1594
at Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608
Reliefs
preservation of Coptic, 280
woodworklng, 2327
see also Sculpture in stone
Religio licita, Christianity as, 308
Religious History (Theodoret), 2236
Rémondon, Roger, 2057
Renaudin, Paul, 2057
Renaudot, Eusebe, 298, 2057
Repentance. See Confession and penitence
Reply to Jaqfari (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal), 2078—2079
Reply to Tabari (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal), 2078
Republic (Plato). See Plato’s Republic
Republican Party (Egypt), 1987
Respima (martyr), 1558
Responses, melodies of Copic. See Music, Coptic, description
Responsory, 2058
Resurrection
Abbaton’s presence, 2
in the Apocryphon of James, 169
Easter commemoration, 1104-1105, 2159-2160; see also Easter
fasts prior to feast of, 1093, 1095
Holy Saturday and, 1247—1249
monthly feastal day commemoration, 1111
and mummification, 1697
Sunday commemoration, 2098, 2159
Treatise on the Resurrection (gnostic tractate), 2275
Resurrection of the dead. See Hades; Judgment, Last
Return aisle, church, 218
Revelation, Book of
on altar lights, 109
authorship, 911
in canon of Scripture, 2109
reading on Holy Saturday, 1249
Revelation 4
tetramorph depiction in Coptic art, 539—540
in Triumph of Christ, 525
on the twenty-four elders, 541
Revillout, Charles Eugene, 58, 1481, 1892, 2058
Revue d’histoire ecclésiastique (publication), 1424
Revue égyptologique (publication), 2058
Rhakotis, 97
Rháptes (Coptic textile term), 2221
Rhenish State Museum, Trier, 1598
Rhinokorua, 1650
Rhyme, 1986
Ricci, Seymour Montefiore Robert Rosso de, 2059
Ridwan, Vizier, 1097
Right Bank. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id
Rings, 1607
Risalah al-Masihiyyah, al- (“the Christian message”), 1098
Risalat al-Bayan al-Azhar (Ibn Kabar), 1464
Rites and sacraments
baptism, 336—338
baptism, liturgy of, 339—342
burial, 425—426
communion, 578-579
in Ethiopian Orthodox Church, 997—998
Eucharist, 1056—1061
interdict, 1299
marriage, 1542—1546
unction of the sick, 2291—2292
see also Birth rites and customs; Sacrament; specific sacraments
Ritual books, 1728—1729
River Jordan, 1246
Rizq Agha, 2059
Robertson, Marian, 1730, 1743
Robinson, J. M., 1899
Rock churches, 716, 747, 770, 771, 798, 853, 1656
Lalibala, 1425—1426, 1426
Rodriguez, Christophore, Father, 1134
Roger I (Norman), 1099
Roman Catholic church
absolution in, 15
and Acacian schism, 42—47
Acta sanctorum, 56—57
Agnus Dei in, 70
bishopric, 911
canonization in, 449
and canon law, 449—550
canon of Scripture, 2108
and Chalcedon, Council of, 1670, 1671, 1673, 1674
concomitance in, 584
control of Jerusalem, 1615
Coptic church relations with, 609—611, 913, 914, 1134, 1141; see
also Trent, Council of
Dominicans in Egypt, 918
Easter date-setting, 1906
and Ethiopian controversies, 986—987
and Ethiopian prelates, 1028—1030, 1033—1036
fan use, 1474
Franciscans in Egypt, 1121—1123
gnosticism and, 1151
Iconoclastic controversy, 1275
Immaculate Conception doctrine, 1285
and Jerome, Saint, biblical translation, 1323
Jesuits and the Coptic Church, 1329—1330
John XVII, Patriarch, and proselytizing by, 1349
and Last Judgment, 1379
on Mark, Saint, 1529
missions in Ethiopia, 1028—1030, 1036—1037
missions in India, 1635—1636
missions to Copts, 1538
on nature of Christ, 523
papal supremacy precedent, 1440
patriarch title, 1909
return of Saint Mark’s relics by, 1532
Rufa’il al-Tukhi, 2067—2068
and trinitarian controversies, 1638
and Ya‘qub, General, 2351
and Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364
see also Acacian schism; Nicaea, Council of; Rome
The Romance of Julian the Apostate, 1593
Romances, Coptic, 2059-2060
Roman emperors in Egypt, 2061-2063, 2066
see also names of specific emperors
Roman Empire
administration of Egypt under, 934, 959, 2007—2009, 2022—2023
Alexandria under, 95—99
Antinoopolis founding, 1179
army in Egypt, 235-238
Babylonian fortress, 317—318, 318
boule, 4 13—414
castrum (military camp), 464—468, 1485
Christian martyrs, 1548—1549, 1550—1559
conflict during Alexander I patriarchy, 81
Decius, 889—891
Diocletian, 904—908
division of, 942
and Egypt in late antiquity, 942-947
impact on Hellenized Egypt, 1167-1168, 1176-1177, 1179, 1180-1181
Jovian’s restoration of Christianity, 1376—1377
Manichaeism in, 1519, 1521
Maximus patriarchy under, 1575
Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592—1594
Monarchianism in, 1638
and monophysitism, 1675—1677
pagarch system, 1871—1872
patriarchs under, 1913—1915
Pelagianism heresy, 1929—1930
persecution of Christians, 892-893, 903, 909-910, 912, 1110, 1868-1869, 1935-1937; see also specific emperors
provincial art, 1873
provincial organization of Egypt, 959
Pulcheria, Empress, 2033
religion in Europe under, 1865— 1870
and Scetis monasteries, 789—790
taxation policies in Egypt, 98, 237-238, 904, 905, 945, 2009, 2202-2206
temples, 690, 691, 863
and Theban Legion, 2231—2233
see also Byzantine Empire; Constantinople; Roman emperors in
Egypt; specific personal and place names
Roman soldiers. See Army, Roman; Castrum
Roman travelers in Egypt, 2064-2066
Romanus. See Victor Stratelates, Saint
Romanus II, Emperor, 1098
Rome
as apostolic see, 180
apostolic succession, 181
Coptic relations with. See Coptic relations with Rome
sack of, 1930
see also Roman Catholic church; Roman Empire
Roof, 218
saddleback, 220
Roosevelt, Theodore, 1466
Ropemaking, 1640
Rösch, Friedrich, 2067
Rosenthal, Joseph, 1996
Rosetta. See Rashid
Rosetta Stone, 516, 2054
Rose al-Youssef (publication), 1991
Rossi, Francesco, 1894, 2067
Rosweyde, H., 56, 405
Roy, Martha, 1726
Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, Toronto, 1891
Rubbaytah. See Provost
Rückert, Friedrich, 2067
Rudwan ibn Walkhasi, 1129
Rufa’il al-Tukhi, 1349, 2067—2068
and Coptic relations with Rome, 610
ordained as Catholic priest, 1122
as printer of Coptic books, 610, 614, 1349
Rufaylah, Ya‘qub Nakhlah, 1466
Rufinus, 2068-2069
on Athanasius I, 298
on Canopus, 31
on Ethiopian conversion to Christianity, 312—313
and founding of Jerusalem monasteries, 1663
on Nitria, 1796
and Sentences of Sextus, 2120
as student of Didymus the Blind, 472, 900
on Temple of Serapis, 134
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2252
translation of Pamphilus, 1879
Rufus of Shotep, commentary on Gospels of Mark and Luke, 1456
Rukn al-Din Baybars-Jashankir, 1464
“Rule of the Angel” (Pachomian document), 1862
Rules of Pachomius, 32, 119, 1661—1662, 1663, 1861—1862
Rural Diaconate, 2091
Russia and the Coptic Church, 1950
Theognosta, Saint, and Christianization of Georgia, 2243-2244
see also Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Ruth, in Arabic versions of the Old Testament, 1835
Ruthwell Cross, 419
Ruways, Anba. See Anba Ruways
Ruzayqat, al- (Armant), 2069