Index L-N Volumes 1-7

              [Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.

Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372]

L_______________________

Labib, Claudius. See Iqladiyus Labib
Labib, Subhi Yanni, 1423
Labib Habachi, 1423
Labla. See Monasteries of the Fayyum
Labor contracts, 1429
Lacaron, Saint, 1423-1424
see also Krajon and Amun
Lacau, Pierre, 694, 1424
Lacbat. See Aqbat, al-
La Croze-Veyssière, Mathurin, 1424, 2324
Lactantius
criticism of Diocletian’s policies, 906
on incense use, 1472
Ladder of Divine Ascent (John Climacus), 2050
Ladeuze, Paulin, 1424, 1452
Ladles, 1603
Laetentur coeli, 1119
Laferrière, P-H., study of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 726
L’Africain, Jean Léon, 826
Lagarde, Paul Anton de, 1424-1425, 2067
Lahn (musical term), 63, 1425, 1722, 1727, 1729
and waham, 2313
Lahn Idribi, 1722
Lahn Sinjari, 1722
Lake Bardawil, 1650
Lake al-Burullus, 818, 837
Lake al-Habash, 848, 881
Lake al-Manzalah, 1648-1649
Lake Mareotis, 24, 1526, 1527, 1931
Lake Maryut, 34, 837
Lalibala (community), 975, 1425-1426
Lalibala, Ethiopian king and saint, 1008, 1047-1048
Lalibela. See Lalibala
Lamp of Darkness (Ibn Kabar). See Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar)
Lamps
altar lights, 109-110
dolphin-shaped, 2169
glass, 1144-1145, 1144
metalwork, 1596-1598, 1597
terra-cotta, 494-497
see also Candles
Lanapourgós (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Lanários (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Lance tips, 1605
Land acquisitions, monastic, 1642
Land tax. See Kharaj
Land tenure, under Umayyad administration, 2287-2288
Lane-Poole, Stanley, 1733-1734
Language, Coptic
Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib, 33-34
Arab conquest of Egypt and decline in use of, 1460
Arabic-Coptic dictionary, 1302
Athanasius’ Copto-Arabic grammar, 2045
Champollion, Jean François, scholarship, 516, 614
Coptic melody relationship, 1730-1731, 1734-1735
decline of, 1459, 1464
dialects, 1389
dictionary, 1424
grammars, 1266, 1268, 1302, 2045
Greek characters use, 1167, 1169
Ibn Kabar lexical work, 1267
inscriptions in, 1290-1296, 1408
inscriptions in the Kellia, 1408
Iqladiyus Labib studies and promotion of, 1302
‘Iryan Jirjis Muftah modernization efforts, 1302-1303
Life of Paul of Thebes in, 1926
linguistics, 33-34
literature in, 1450-1459
liturgical texts in, 1734-1735
Lives of Pachomius in, 1860, 1861-1862, 1863
magical words, 1500-1502
medieval Nubian clergy use of, 1813, 1816
as medium for Christianization, 1167, 1169, 1177
modern studies of, 1630
monasticism and diffusion of, 1168
Old Testament translations, 1836-1838
papyrus collections, 1890- 1896
papyrus discoveries, 1898-1900
patristics and, 1920-1921
Plato’s Republic translation, 1981
role in Alexandria, 101
Rückert, Friedrich, studies, 2067
spoken, 604-606
teachers of, 1962
see also Appendix; Bohairic dialect; Coptic language, spoken;
Literature, Coptic; Literature, Copto-Arabic; Sahidic dialect;
Toponymy, Coptic
Languages. See Arabic language; Dictionaries; Grammars; Greek
language; Language, Coptic; Latin language; Meroitic language;
Nubian languages and literature
Lantschoot, A. van, 1965-1966
Laodicea, Council of, on observances during Lent, 2099
Laographia (poll tax), Alexandrian exemptions, 1180
Laqqan, 1107-1108, 1252, 1426-1427
Laqqanah, 1427
bishopric of Damanhur union with, 686
Lascaris, Theodore, 1114
Lascarpis. See Ya‘qub, General
Last Judgment. See Judgment, Last
Last Supper
and fraction rite, 1121
leavened vs. unleavened bread at, 1060-1061
Later Prophets, in Jewish canon, 2108
Latin fathers (patristics), 1920
Latin language
Egyptian papyri, 1889
impact on Greek language in Egypt, 1167-1168, 1169,1176
Jerome, Saint, biblical translations into, 1323
Life of Paul of Thebes in, 1926
Life and Rules of Pachomius translation, 1663, 1861, 1862, 1863
papyrus collections, 1890
patristics in, 1920
Rufinus’ translation and writings, 1237-1238, 2068-2069
Latopolis. See Isna
Latrocinium. See Ephesus, Second Council of
Latson, Apa, saint, 1427, 2085
Launtiyus (Valentinus), 1577
Laura, 1428
and Dayr al-Jabrawi, 810, 811, 812
diaconia center, 896
keep construction, 1395-1396
and the monastery of Oktokaidekaton, 1826-1827
see also Hermitage
Laurentius, Saint, monasteries dedicated to, 850
Lausiac History (Palladius), 1733, 1862
on Ansina (Antinoopolis), 142-143
on Scetis monks, 2103
Law
Codex Justinianus, 569-570, 905
Codex Theodosianus, 571
defensor ecclesiae, 891
dikaion term, 902
Dioscorus of Aphrodito, 916
on monastery assets, 1640
Muslim interpretations, 687
prefect’s administration of, 2009
register, 1089
Law, canon. See Canon law
Law, Coptic, 1428-1431
legal sources, 1438
Schiller, A. Arthur, as specialist in, 2106
Steinwenter, Artur, as historian of, 2149
Law, Egyptian, on Coptic Waqf, 2319
Law, Islamic, 951
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah encyclopedia on, 1269-1270
Law, Mosaic
ablution prescribed by, 8-9
Augustine, Saint, on, 1930
on confession, 585-585
Law of obligations, 1429-1430, 1641
Law of persons, 1428-1429
Law of things, 1429
Laying-on of hands, 1432-1433, 1910
at bishop’s consecration, 397
Lay members of church. See Archon
Layton, B., 1893
Lead collars. See Alexander, II
Leases, 1429
Leatherwork, Coptic, 1433
in Louvre Museum, 1483
pen cases, 1933
preservation, 280
see also Bookbinding
Leavened bread, and Eucharist, 1060-1061
Lebanon
Coptic churches in, 1621
monasteries, 877
Lebna Dengel, 1016-1017
Lecanoscopy, 1507-1508
Lectern, 1434-1435
Lectionary, 1435-1437, 1449
for Church of Mu‘allaqah, 1775
and evangeliary, 1077
Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri copies, 1273
manuscripts in National Library, Paris, 1778
Mass of the Catechumens, 1562
Leda, depicted in Coptic art, 1763
Leeder, S. H., 1466
Lefebvre, Gustave
on Dayr Anba Bakhum, 729
students of, 694
Lefort, Louis Théophile, 1437, 1448, 1453
on Letter of Ammon, 1445
on Life of Pachomius, 1860, 1861, 1863
Mark II homily discovery, 1534
Left Bank (Nile). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id
Legal procedure, Coptic, 1430-1431
Legal sources, Coptic, 1438
Legion. See Army, Roman
LeGrain, Georges, 1439
Leiden, University of, 1424
Leipoldt, Johannes, 614, 1439, 1452
Lemm, Oskar Eduardovich von, 1439, 14448
Lenormant, Charles, 1440
Lent
Dionysius the Great on, 912
fasting during, 1093, 1094- 1095
fasting on Saturday during, 2098, 2099
and genuflection, 1139
lectionary for, 1437
Palm Sunday and, 1103-1104
see also Good Friday; Great Lent; Maundy Thursday
Leo III, Emperor, edict banning images, 1275, 1276, 1277
Leo I, Emperor
patriarch under, 1915
and relics of the Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2259
and Timothy Aelurus, 1441, 1671, 2264
Zeno as successor, 2369
Leo V, Emperor, 1275
Leo I the Great, Pope (Rome), 1440-1442
and Chalcedon, Council of, 512, 513-515
Christology, 1670, 1671, 1672
on communicatio idiomatum, 578
as Coptic saint, 2085
and Dioscorus I, 525, 913, 914, 915
and Ephesus, Second Council of, 961-962
and Ephesus, Third Council of, 962
and Eutyches, 1074-1075
and Henoticon, 1218
and paschal controversy, 1906
and Pulcheria, 2033
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2251
and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264, 2267
see also Tome of Leo
Leo II, Pope (Rome), on filioque, 1112-1113
Leo IV the Khazar, Emperor, 1275
Leonidas (martyr and Origen’s father), 892, 1846, 1936
Leontius of Antioch, and Lucian of Antioch, 1484
Leontius of Byzantium, 1455, 1676
Leontius of Tripoli, Saint (martyr), 1442-1444, 1556
Leprosy, 1581
Lepsius, Karl Richard, 717, 1444
Le Quien, Michel, 1444
Leroy, Jules, 726, 868, 1444
Letronne, Jean Antoine, 1444- 1445
Letter of Ammon, 894, 1445
on Antinoopolis, 144
and Theodorus of Alexandria, Saint, 2238
Letter of Peter to Philip, 1446
and Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301
Letters. See Epistolography
Letters (Dionysius), 911-912
Letters of synods. See Synods, letters of
Lewata (Berber tribe), 1652
Libanius, 1308, 1447
Libanos (Matta), Ethiopian saint, 1045
Libellus de processione Spiritus Sancti, 1115
Liberal Constitutional Party, 1991-1992
Liberal Socialists Center, 1991
Libraries, 1447-1449
Alexandria, 100, 1447
Bodmer (Bibliotheca Bodmeriana), 404
in colophons, 577
Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 723
Dayr Anba Maqar, 749, 750
Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 758
Dayr Anba Shinudah, 763
Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il, 824
Dayr Nahya, 843
Dayr al-Suryan, 876, 877, 878
monastic medical literature, 1578-1579
Nag Hammadi Library, 1771-1773
patriarchal, 1532
travelers’ interest in, 1977
see also Archives; Literature, Coptic; Manuscripts; Museums,
Coptic collections in; specific libraries
Library of the Coptic Patriarchate, 901
Library of Karl Marx University (Leipzig), 1893
Libri Carolini (790), 1112
Libya
Coptic churches in, 1621
see also Pentapolis
Libyan massif. See Western Desert
Lichtheim, M., 2022
Licinius, Emperor, 588-589, 1869
conflict with Constantine, 81
Neocaesarea, Council of, in reign of, 1785
patriarch under, 1914
persecutions under, 1937
Licinius (Roman officer), 1558
Lif, Abu. See Dayr Abu al-Lif
Lifafah, 1472
Life of Abba Paul, the Holy Anchorite (Amélineau), 1926
Life of Basil (Amphilochius), 1593
Life of Dioscorus (Theopistus of Alexandria), 2254
Life of Eusebius of Samosata, 1593
Life of Hilarion, 1664
Life of Isidore (Damascius), 1221, 1222
Life of Longinus, on the Enaton, 955, 956
Life of Patape, 1907-1908
Life of Phib, 1953
Life of Pisentius (John the Presbyter), 1368, 1455-1456
Life of Poemen, 1983-1984
Life of Saint Antony (Athanasius), 101, 116, 119, 300, 302, 728, 1663
on anachoresis, 119
circulated in Gaul, 255
collected manuscript of, 1782
on devil as black, 248
Latin translation in Ireland, 418
Life of Saint Jimyanah/Dimyanah (John of Parallos), 871
Life of Saint Pachomius, 1663, 1859, 1860-1861, 1952, 2207
collected manuscripts of, 1782
Letter of Ammon, 1445
on Theodorus of Tabennese, 2240
Life of Saint Paul the First Hermit (Jerome), 1925-1926
Life of Saint Sabas, 894
Life of Samu’il of Qalamun, 758
Life of Shenute, 898
Lighting equipment. See Candles; Lamps
Lime, 1402
Limestone, Coptic sculpture in, 2113, 2115
Linen, use in Coptic textiles, 2211, 2211-2212
Lingua aegyptiaca restituta: Scala Magna, hoc est nomenclator
aegyptiaco-arabicus. See Scala Magna
Linguistics, Coptic, 33-34
see also Appendix; Language, Coptic; specific dialects
Linoplygtes (Coptic textile term), 2221
Linouphos (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Lintels, wooden, 2342-2344, 2343
Liqanos, Ethiopian saint, 1047
Listener-penitents, 1932
Literacy, under Roman administration of Egypt, 1168
Literary, scholarly, and religious offices or titles. See Copts in late medieval Egypt
Literature. See Apocalyptic literature; Apocryphal literature; Ethiopian Christian literature; Literature, Coptic; Literature, Copto-Arabic; Literature, Nubian; Literature, pagan Christian; Poetry; specific languages and works
Literature, Christian, patristics, 1920-1921
Literature, Coptic, 1450-1459
on Alexander I, 84-85
beginnings of, 1450-1452
cycle, 666-668
Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071
fourth- and fifth-century translations, 1453-1454
Gabriel, Archangel in, 1136-1137
Gabriel II, Patriarch, contribution, 1129
Gregory of Nazianzus’s works, 1183-1184
Gregory of Nyssa’s works, 1184-1185
healings in, 1212-1214
on John the Baptist, 1356
John Chrysostom’s works, 459-460, 1356, 1357-1359, 1454
Life of Pachomius, 1860
Mark II homily, 1534
on martyrdom of Philotheus of Antioch, 1961
on martyrs, 1881
medical, 1578-1579, 1581, 1582
on Michael, Archangel, 1618- 1619
Mikha’il, Bishop of Atrib and Malij, 1626
ninth-to-eleventh-century decline, 1458-1459
Patrologia orientalis, 1921
poetry, 1985-1986
Proclus’ works, 1356, 1454, 2017-2019
romances, 2059-2060
seventh- and eighth-century, 1458- 1458
Shenute texts, 1452-1453
sixth-century, 1454-1455
tradition of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2303-2304
see also Cycles; Hagiography; Homilies; Language, Coptic;
Papyri, Coptic literary; Poetry; Scholars
Literature, Copto-Arabic, 1460-1467
Abu Ishaq ibn Fadlallah works, 19-20
Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib’s works, 33-34
first works in Arabic language, 19-20
al-Maqrizi works, 1268-1269
modern Egyptian liberal trends in, 1995
al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal, 2075-2079
Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘, 2100-2102
tradition of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2305-2308
Literature, Ethiopian Christian. See Ethiopian Christian literature
Literature, Greek. See Greek language
Literature, Nubian, 1815-1816
Literature, pagan classical
Libanius, 1447
Physiologos stories, 1965-1966
Lithargoel, 61-62
Lithazomenon and Saint Peter’s Bridge (monasteries), 1467
Liturgical insignia, 1468-1469
Liturgical instruments, 1469-1474
for ablution, 9
deacon’s role, 885
Eucharistic, 1063-1066
metalwork, 1595, 1595-1596
wood coffers for, 2329-2330, 2330
Liturgical vestments, 1475-1479
for bishop’s consecration, 395-396
for consecration of patriarchs, 1910
Muslim restrictions, 1130
used in Epiphany, Liturgy of the, 967-968
see also Costume of the religious
Liturgy
ablution during, 9
Arabic translations, 1464
Coptic commentary on, 1267, 1272
deacon as response leader, 885
epiclesis, 964
Epiphany, 967-968; see also subheads Mass of the Catechumens;
Mass of the Faithful
Epiphany, 967-968
Ethiopian, 987-990, 997-998
eucharistic, 120-121, 1058-1060
fraction in, 1121
Gabriel, Archangel in, 1137
and genuflection, 1139
Gloria in excelsis and, 1147
Good Friday, 1152-1153
for hegumenos ordination, 1216
Holy Saturday, 1247-1249, 1249
hosanna use in, 1258
hymn of the Twelve Virtues, 2310
Incarnation references, 1287
Kyrie eleison in baptism, 343
language of, 1134
Lord’s Prayer in, 1480-148 1
marriage service, 1543-1545
Mass of the Catechumens, 1562-1565
Mass of the Faithful, 1565-1568
of matins, 1568-1569
music and, 1715-1729, 1743, 2058
Nubian, 1816-1817
penitents and, 1932
physical accessories, 1434-1437
prayers of absolution in, 16-17
prayers for the dead in, 889
and Psalmodia, 2024
on Saturday, 2099-2100
seasons and, 443-444
Sunday worship, 2159
Trisagion, 2278-2279
and Typikon of Saint Sabas, 2046
see also Anaphora headings; Feasts; Hail Mary
Liturgy of Saint Basil, 1540, 1715, 1716, 1721, 1716-1723, 1733, 1737, 1742
Liturgy of Saint Cyril, 1716
Liturgy of Saint Gregory, 120-121, 967-968, 1715-1716
Liturgy of Saint Mark, 120-121, 1539-1540
see also Liturgy of Saint Cyril
Lives of the Eastern Saints (John of Ephesus), 1362
The Lives of the Desert Fathers, 1238
Lives of Pachomius, 1663, 1782, 1859, 1860-1861, 1928, 1952, 2207
Lives of the Prophets, 166
see also Paralipomena Jeremiou
Livinus (Franciscan martyr), 1122
Le Livre des perles enfouies. See Book of the Hidden Pearls
Liwa’, al- (publication), 1748, 2011
Loans. See Law, Coptic: Law of obligations; Private Law
Lobsh (musical term), 63, 900, 1479, 1726, 1727
and tafsir, 2199
and Theotokion, 2255
and Watus, 2320
Lobsh Adam, 1479
Lobsh Watus, 1479
Logia, 1531
Logos
in Alexandrian theology, 103-104
Apollinarianism and, 173-174
Arius and Arianism on, 232, 240
Authentikos Logos, 309
Damian discourse on, 689
Origen on, 103, 1638, 1790-1791, 1848, 1849-1850
Philo on, 1957
see also Christ, nature of; Gnosticism
Longinus (martyr). See Paul, Longinus, and Zeno (martyrs)
Longinus, Bishop, 688, 1479-1480, 1948
and Beja tribes, 373
and conversion of ‘Alwa, 110
and conversion of Nubia, 1797, 1801- 1802
and Theodosius I, 2241
Longinus of Enaton, Saint, 360, 955, 956-957, 1196
feast day, 2085
Looms, Coptic textile, 2215-2217
Lord’s Day. See Sunday
Lord’s Prayer, 122, 123, 124, 1480-1481, 1568, 1569
and apa title, 152
in Book of Canonical Hours, 446-449
Evagrius Ponticus Coptic paraphrase, 1077
music for, 1721
Lord’s Supper. See Eucharist
Lot, 1618
Louis IX, saint and king of France, 314-315, 925, 1524
Louis the German, 1110
Louis the Pious, 1110
Louvain, University of, 1424, 1452
Louvre Museum, Paris, France, 1139, 1452, 1481-1483, 1509, 1588,
1589, 1596, 1598, 1601
letters of Pisentius in, 1979
papyrus collection, 1892
pen cases at, 1933
see also Art, historiography of Coptic
Love charms, 1504-1506
Lower Sa‘id, monasteries of, 1652-1653
Lucas, Paul, 1973, 1977
Lucchesi, E., 1892
Lucian of Antioch, 1484
and Arius, 231, 1790
and the school of Antioch, 231-232
Lucianus, 2245
Lucilianus and four companions (martyrs), 1556
Lucinius, Governor, 1554
Lucius (Arian presbyter), 1947
Lucius of Enaton. See Enaton, The
Lucius Septimius Severus. See Septimius Severus
Luke, Apostle and Saint
on the Ascension of Christ, 244
see also Gospel of Saint Luke
Lusterware, 1146, 1146, 1147, 1311, 1312
Lute, 1740-1741, 1741
Lutfallah (archon), 722, 1949-1950
Luther, Martin (and Lutheranism), 578, 597, 2110
Luxor, 1484
castrum of, 237, 465-466, 466
Coptic churches on temple sites, 1870
martyrs at, 1553
monasteries near, 717, 785-786, 1657
monastic murals at, 1874
stelae from, 2149
tombstone material, 1295
Luxor temples, 196, 1484-1485, 1870, 1865
Luzah al-Asyuti, Nasr, 1465
Lycopolis. See Asyut
Lycopolitan dialect
in Old Testament, Coptic translations of, 1837-1838
see also Appendix
Lyons, Second Council of (1274), 1114, 1115

M_______________________

Ma‘adi, pilgrimages to, 1973
Mabari, Shaykh, tomb of, 853
Macarius, homilies of Pseudo-. See Pseudo-Macarius, homilies of
Macarius I, Saint and Patriarch, 1487
and consecration of holy chrism, 521
dates of patriarchy, 1916
and Ethiopian prelates, 1002
feast day, 2085
Macarius II, Saint and Patriarch, 1487-1488, 1652
in Azari, 315-316
burial, 1128
dates of patriarchy, 1917
feast day, 2085
and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006
Macarius III, Patriarch, 1488-1489, 1911
dates of patriarchy, 1919
on divorce, 1943
and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980-981
and Ethiopian prelates, 1043
as monk at Dayr Anba Bishoi, 735
and performance of Liturgy of Saint Cyril, 1716
and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2011, 2096, 2097
successor, 2363
Macarius, Saint (martyr son of Basilides), 892, 1489, 1556
Macarius Alexandrinus, Saint, 1876, 1489-1490, 1491, 2085, 2239
as desert father, 894
and Evagrius Ponticus, 1076
and Kellia community, 1397
Paphnutius of Scetis as disciple of, 1883, 1884
Macarius the Canonist, 1490-1491
canonical collection of, 1780
and Canons of Epiphanius, 456-457
and Canons of Hippolytus, 458
and canons of Nicaea, 1789
and Octateuch of Clement, 1824
Macarius the Egyptian, Saint, 1491
and Antony, Saint, 150
and Bessarion, Saint, 2082
churches dedicated to, 1969
and Dayr al-Baramus, 789, 790
as desert father, 894
and Evagrius Ponticus, 1076
feast day, 2085
and Gregory of Nyssa writings, 1184
and homily of Amphilochius of Iconium, 115
and Macarius Alexandrinus, 1490
and Maximus and Domitius, Saints, 1576-1577, 1967
monastic settlement, 748-756
and Onophrius, Saint, 1842
and Pambo, Saint, 1878
Paphnutius the Hermit as disciple of, 1883
and Poemen, Saint, 1983-1984
and Pseudo-Macarius, 2027-2028
on respect for one’s body, 958-959
and Scetis, 2102-2103
and Silvanus of Scetis, Saint, 2087, 2137
as subject in Coptic art, 270, 1842
see also Dayr Anba Maqar
Macarius the Great. See Macarius the Egyptian, Saint
Macarius of Nikiou, Bishop, 1794, 1794
Macarius the Painter. See Macarius II, Saint and Patriarch
Macarius of Scetis. See Macarius the Egyptian, Saint
Macarius of Tkow, Saint and Bishop, 1492-1494
on the Assumption, 290
Dioscorus encomium on, 400
feast day, 2085
funeral of, 1610, 1611
martyrdom, 1556, 1617
on Michael, Archangel, 1618
and Monastery of the Metanoia, 1609
panegyric, 1455, 1882
Maccabees, Books of the, 166
MacCoull, L. S. B., 1895, 1896, 2022
Macedonia. See Greek headings
Macedonius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 43, 44, 1672-1674
Macrina, Saint, 1468
Macrobius, Saint and Bishop, 1494
and Dayr Abu Maqrufah and Dayr al-Janadlah, 704, 705
feast day, 2085
martyrdom, 1494, 1556
panegyric on, 1456
Madamud, 1494-1495, 1495
Madaris al-Aqbat al-Kubra. See Education
Madinat Ghuran, excavations, 1651
Madinat Habu, 53, 1496-1497, 1496, 1586, 2022
ampullae from, 534
Dayr al-Amir Tadrus, 717, 1656
Dayr al-Rumi, 856-857, 1656
Dayr al-Shahid Tadrus al-Muharib, 862
hermitages found nearby, 1225
pharaonic temple of, 196
Madinat Madi, 1497-1499, 1497
monastery of Saint George at, 824
papyrus discoveries, 1899
Madness, theme of simulated, 1541
Madonna and Child. See Virgin Enthroned
Maghagha, Dayr al-Jarnus, 813
Magic, 1499-1508
abraxas (word with numerical value), 14
Gabriel, Archangel, role, 1137
Gnostic vowels, 1732, 1735
lamblichus defense of, 1265
in Islamic period, 1504-1506
Plotinus refutation of, 1982
spell elements, 1502-1504
Stegemann, Viktor, texts on Coptic, 2148
Magical objects, 1509-1510
Nubian hijabs, 1814
see also Amulets
Magician, 1500
Magnentius (Diocletian courtier), 1140
Magnus Maximus, Emperor 1964
Mahallah al-Kubra, al-, 1510
Mahallat Abu ‘Ali, 1510
Mahallat al-Amir, 1511
Mahallat Daniyal, patriarchal residence at, 1633, 1912, 1959
Mahallat Minuf, 1511
Mahammah, al-, 1118
Maharati (martyr), 1556
Mahir, Ahmad, 1992, 1993
Mahmud Sulayman Pasha, 1987
Maiestas Domini (icon), 778, 1278
Majallah al-Jadidah, al- (journal), 2088
Majla ibn Nasturus, 1097
Majlis Milli, al-. See Community Council, Coptic
Majma‘ (term), 819
Majmu‘ al-Mubarak, al-, 1513
Majmu‘ al-Safawi, al- (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal), 1106, 1462, 1545, 2076
Majmu‘ Usul al-Din (Compendium of the Fundamentals of
Religion), 1511
Makari al-Suryani, Father. See Samuel, Bishop
Makarius Salib. See Salippe Mikarius
Makaryus Hunayn, 1511-1512
Makhurah (Mareotis), 1512-1513
Makin, ibn al-‘Amid, al- (thirteenth century), 977, 1463, 1513
Makin Jirjis, al- (hegumenos), 1513
Makin Jirjis ibn al-‘Amid, al- (fourteenth century), collected
histories of, 1780-1781
Makouria, 38, 923, 1420, 1513-1515, 1588
and ‘Alwa, 110
and Banu al-Kanz, 336
and Baqt treaty, 343
Beja tribe attacks, 373
Chalcedon conversion, 1675
Dongola as capital, 921-922
Jabal ‘Adda fortress, 1315
and Nobatia, 1797, 1798, 1800
and Nubian evangelization, 1801, 1813
and Nubian Islamization, 1802, 1803
and Nubian languages and literature, 1815-1816
Shibab al-Din Ahmad Nuwayri on, 2136
Tafa settlement, 2198
travel writing on, 127 1-1272
Makram Agha, 1636
Makramallah the Hegumenos, 1335, 1515
Makram Ebeid, 1466, 1515-1516, 1990, 1993, 2011
Malabar. See India
Malachi, 22
Malak Mikha’il of Sibirbay, al-, 1969
Malan, S. C., 1525
Malati Yusuf, 1516, 1539
Malchion (Antiochean theologian), 1575
Malih,Abu al-, 1268
Malij, 1516, 1655
Malik al-Kamil ibn ‘Adil, al-, sultan, 833, 1524, 1691, 1749
Malik al-Mu‘azzam, al-, 1691
Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din, al-, 1691
Malik al-Salih Salah al-Din Hajji, al-, 1548
Malinine, Michel, 1516
Mallawi, Dayr Abu Hinnis at, 701-703
Mallidis. See Manqabad
Mallon, Marie Alexis, 1516
Mama (martyr), 1556
Mamluks, 1517-1518, 1856, 1857
‘Alwa and, 110
Bulus al-Habis rescue of Dhimmis, 424-425, 1517
Christian tensions and encounters, 2317-2319
Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1857
Islamization and, 940, 2313-2319
Jirjis al-Jawhari role, 1332-1333
Makouria and, 1514
Mark VII patriarchy, 1538
Matthew I patriarchy, 1570
occupations, offices, and titles under. See Copts in late medieval Egypt
patriarchs and rulers, 1917- 1918
persecutions, 941, 1343, 1517-1518, 1535, 1949, 2314-2316
Peter VI patriarchy, 1949-1950
Rizq Agha and, 2059
Waq‘at al-Kana‘is (Incident of the Churches), 2313-2316
Waq‘at al-Nasara (Christian encounter), 2316-2319
see also French expedition in Egypt
Man-, as prefix to place-names, 2273
Manar, al- (publication), 1996
Manarah al-Misriyyah, al- (publication), 2010
Manassa Yuhanna, 1518
Manasseh, Saint, 11, 1518, 2085
Mandaean gnostics, 917
Mandal. See Lecanoscopy
Mandorla. See Symbols in Coptic Art
Mandouze, A., 2022
Mani
canon of sacred writings, 1149, 1519, 1520, 1521
and Maximus the Confessor, 1575
papyrus discoveries, 1899
see also Manichaeism
Manichaeism, 1519-1522
abstinence practice, 17
Alexander of Lycopolis and, 87-88
in Alexandria, 98-99
on celibacy, 1543
Diocletian edict against, 905, 1936
and gnosticism, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1162
Greco-Coptic adherents, 1177
Hieracas of Leontopolis and, 1229
Maximus the Confessor and, 1575
Neoplatonism and, 1982
and origins of monasticism in Egypt, 1661
papyri collections and discoveries, 519, 1885, 1889, 1894
Sarapion of Tmuis work attacking, 2096
on Satan, 1184
scholarship on, 2032, 2033
Le Manichéisme, son fondateur, sa doctrine (Puech), 2032
Manqabad, 1523
Manqabadi, Nabil al-, 730
Manqabadi, Tadrus Shinudah al-, 2011
Mansah, al-. See Psoï
Manshubiyyas (dwellings for groups of monks), 749
Mansi, Giovanni Domenico, 347, 1523-1524
Mansur, ‘Abdallah, 1524
Mansur, Boktor, 1524
Mansur, Mikha’il, 1467
Mansur, Yussuf, 1737
Mansurah, al-, 1524, 1648, 2270
Mansur ibn Sahlan ibn Muqashshir, 6, 1524-1525
Mansuri, Mustafa Hasanayn al-, 1996
Mansur Qalawun, king of Egypt, 1630
Mansur al-Tilbani, 872
Manual cross. See Cross, manual
Manufacturing techniques, Coptic textiles, 2213-2218, 2216-2218
Manuscripts
of ‘Abdallah ibn Musa, 3-4
of ‘Abd al-Masih, 5
of Abu Ishaq ibn Fadlallah, 19-20
Abu al-Muna acquisitions, 29
of Agathon of Homs, 67-68
archives, 226-227
Bodmer Papyrus, 380-382
cataloging of Coptic, 1138, 1700
Chester Beatty collection, 380-381, 382, 518-5 19
codex, 565-566
codex cover, 409
codicology, 572-573
colophon, 577
copied by Abib ibn Nasr, 8
copied by Abu al-Muna, 30
copied by Abu Nasr ibn Harun ibn ‘Abd al-Masih, 31
copied by Abu Sa‘id ibn Sayyid al-Dar ibn Abi al-Fadl al-Masihi, 32
copied by Antuniyus Mulukhiyyah, 151-152
copied by Gregory II, patriarch, 1182
copied by Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273
copied by Ibrahim ibn Sim‘an, 1515
copied by Jirjis ibn al-Qass Abi al-Mufaddal, 1270
copied by Tuma ibn al-Najib Lutfallah, 2281-2282
copied by Tuma ibn al-Sa’igh, 1270
Coptic literature, 1450-1459
copying at Dayr al-Baramus, 791
copying at Dayr Durunkab, 799
from Dayr Anba Sawirus, 760
from Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il, 824
from Dayr al-Nastur, 848
difnar, 901
Dumyat as copying center, 926
of early Greek musical notation, 1731-1732
Egerton Gospel, 933-934
Gabriel II as copyist, compiler, and translator, 1129
Greek Bible, 380-382
Hamburg Papyrus, 380-382, 1204-1205
illuminated. See Illumination, Coptic
Liturgy of Saint Mark texts, 1539-1540
in Louvre Museum, 1483
Macarius the Canonist collection, 1490-1491
modern, at Dayr Anba Maqar, 756
Oxyrhynchus Papyri, 1857-1858
Petersen scholarship, 1951
Pietro delle Valle collection, 1967
preservation, 279
restoration by Ibscher, Hugo, 1274-1275
from Scetis, 748
see also Archives; Bookbinding; Libraries; Nag Hammadi Library; National Library, Paris; Papyri, Coptic headings; Papyrus collections; Papyrus discoveries; Scribes; Scriptorium; specific titles
Manyal Shihah, pilgrimages to, 1973
Manzalah, al-, 1648
see also Monasteries of the province of Daqahliyyah
Maqarah, Abba. See Macarius II
Maqarah, Anba. See Macarius I
Maqarah of Scetis. See Macarius the Egyptian, Saint
Maqrizi, Taqiy al-Din al-, 1525
on Armenian and Coptic churches, 234
on Babylonian churches, 318
on Baqt treaty, 343, 1099
on Christodoulus, 546-547
on churches in Hiw, 1242-1243
on Church of Saint Michael, 1617
on church in Tanbida, 2201
on convents, 2325
on Coptic Christian tensions and encounters under the Mamluks, 2317-2319
on Coptic revolts, 50
on Cyril III ibn Laqlaq, Patriarch, 675
on Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Tamwayh), 712
on Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722
on Dayr Anba Bishoi, 738
on Dayr Anba Helias, 748
on Dayr Anba Shinudah, 764
on Dayr Apa Anub, 770
on Dayr Apa Hor, 770-77 1
on Dayr al-Arman, 782
on Dayr al-‘Askar, 783
on Dayr Balujah, 788
on Dayr Durunkah, 799
on Dayr al-Ju‘, 814
on Dayr al-Khadim location, 145
on Dayr al-Maghtis
on Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il, 823
on Dayr Mar Mina (Jabal Abu Fudah), 834
on Dayr al-Maymah (Gharbiyyah), 835, 837
on Dayr al-Muharraq, 840
on Dayr al-Muttin, 842-843
on Dayr al-Qurqas, 852
on Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal, 857
on Dayr Sitt Dimyanah, 870-871
on Durunkah, 926-927
on the Enaton, 957-958
family and accomplishments, 1268- 1269
on Feast of the Martyr, 1548
on Feast of Saint John, 882
on Gabriel V, Patriarch, 1131
on Ibn Mammati, 1462
and Ibn Salim al-Aswani’s Nubian account, 1271
on Idfa, 1280
on Islamic persecutions of Copts. See subhead on persecution of Copts
on Islamization of Egypt, 938
on John VI, 1341
on Mamluk persecutions. See subhead on persecution of Copts
on Mareotis, 1527
on Nawruz, 1784
on persecution of Copts, 1343, 1535, 1949, 2314-23 16
Maqsurah, 213
Maqta’. See Altar-board
Maraghah, Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il, 826
Mar’ah al-Jadidah, al- (Amin), 1994
Mar Awjin (Eugene), 565
Marble, Coptic sculpture in, 2113, 2115
Mar Buqtur. See Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn
Marcel, Jean-Joseph, 1526, 1696
Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra, 178, 1526, 1791
Marcellus, Saint (Scetis ascetic), 2085
Marcian, Emperor, 914, 1441, 1670, 2033
and Chalcedon, Council of, 512-513, 514, 515
patriarch under, 1915
Marcianus, Patriarch, 1526
dates of patriarchy, 1914
Marcinus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914
Marcion (Docetist), 917, 1148
Marco Polo, 1635
Marcus. See Mark I, Apostolic Saint and Patriarch
Marcus (monk), 692
Marcus (Roman governor), 903
Marcus Aurelius, Emperor
patriarch under, 72, 1914
visit to Egypt, 2062
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. See Caracalla, Emperor
Marea. See Hawariyyah
Mareotis, 1526-1527
see also Makhurah; Maryut
Mareotis, Coptic paintings at, 1527-1528
Marian Homily I (Proclus), 2017
Mariette, A., 780
Marina, Saint, 2085
Maris of Chalcedon, 84, 1484
Mariyyah the Copt, 1528
Mar Jirjis. See George, Saint
Mark, Liturgy of Saint, 120-121, 1539-1540
Mark, Secret Gospel of. See Secret Gospel of Saint Mark
Mark I, Apostolic Saint and Patriarch, 1528-1533
Alexandrian apostolic succession from, 181
anaphora used in Ethiopian liturgy, 988
and Anianus, 133
on Ascension of Christ, 244
burial site, 92
and the Catechetical School of Alexandria, 469, 474
churches dedicated to, 92, 1532-1533; see also specific churches
contribution to Coptic church, 1532- 1533
dates of patriarchy, 1913
and Dayr Asfal al-Ard, 783
and Divine Liturgy of the Eucharist, 120-121
as Evangelist Mark, 1078
feast day, 2085
as first patriarch of Coptic Church, 134, 2193
introduction of Christianity into Egypt, 103, 1866
and Jerusalem, 1324
and John of Shmun writings, 1369
Liturgy of. See Liturgy of Saint Cyril; Liturgy of Saint Mark
martyrdom and relics, 546, 678, 1131, 1531-1532, 1556, 1573, 1646, 1910
and Metropolitan See of Pentapolis, 1612
Monastery of Mark the Evangelist (Qurnat Mar‘i), 2042
paintings of, 1532
panegyrics on, 1456
relics. See subhead martyrdom and relics
relics returned to Anba Ruways Cathedral, 678
sanctuary of, 751
Venetian acquisition of relics of, 1131
see also Cathedral of Saint Mark; Gospel of Saint Mark; Mark,
Liturgy of; Secret Gospel of Saint Mark
Mark II, Saint and Patriarch, 427, 1533-1534
and Barsanuphians, 347
and Church of the Savior (Alexandria), 94
dates of patriarchy, 1916
and Enaton visit requirement, 958
and Eucharist heresy, 1057
feast day, 2085
Nabaruh residency, 1769
successor, 1318
Yuhanna biography of, 2356
and Yusab I, 2362
Mark III, Saint and Patriarch, 1534-1536
and Bastah church, 361
on canon law, 450
Coptic texts of, 1456, 1461
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and Dayr al-Nastur, 848
feast day, 2085
successor, 1341
Mark IV, Patriarch, 1536-1537
dates of patriarchy, 1918
and Jirjis ibn al-Qass Abi al-Mufaddal, 1332
Mark V, Patriarch, 1537
dates of patriarchy, 1919
Mark VI, Patriarch, 1537
dates of patriarchy, 1919
as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722
Mark VII, Patriarch, 1537-1538
and Coptic relations with Rome, 610-611
dates of patriarchy, 1919
death at Dayr al-‘Adawiyyah church, 713
and Ethiopian prelate, 1029-1030
as monk at Dayr Anba Bula, 742
successor, 1350
Mark VIII, Patriarch, 1274, 1538-1539
dates of patriarchy, 1919
liturgical music, 1736
as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 723
patriarchal residence, 1913
and property of Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1334
successor, 1950
Mark of Ephesus, 1114
Mark the Evangelist. See Mark I, Apostolic Saint and Patriarch
Mark of al-Farama, Bishop, 1089
Mark ibn Qanbar, collected commentaries of, 1776-1777 Mark the
Mad (monk), 1931
Mark (Murqus) of the Beheirah, Bishop, 1911
Markos, Apa, 2042
Marks, funerary. See Portraiture
Mark the Simple, Saint, 1540-1541, 2085
Mar Mina Cultural Association, 1541
Marqos I, Ethiopian prelate, 1016-1017
Marqos II, Ethiopian prelate, 1019
Marqos III, Ethiopian prelate, 1022-1023
Marqos IV, Ethiopian prelate, 1026-1027
Marqurah. See Mercurius of Caesarea
Mar Qurus, 1593
Marqus, Bishop of Damietta, 1541-1542, 2046
Marqus, Bishop of Qusqam and al-Qusiyyah, 840
Marqus, Bishop of Sinai, 2046
Marqus al-Antuni, 30, 1542
Marqus ibn Qanbar, 1652
Marriage, 1542-1546
in ancient Egyptian, 1086
and anointing, 139
church-state legal issues, 1941, 1942-1943
Coptic, 1087
Coptic ceremonial celebration on Saturday or Sunday, 2159
Coptic ceremony, 1543-1545
Coptic customs, 1545-1546
Coptic law and legal documents, 1428, 1438
as Coptic sacrament, 1107, 1542-1543, 2139
digamy (remarriage) practice, 901, 1545
and excommunication grounds, 1079
Greek-Egyptian, prohibited, 1180, 1181
Lord’s Prayer in Services of Engagement and Betrothal, 1481
ritual books for, 1729
Roman law on, 905
Valentinian theory, 1156-1157
see also Betrothal customs; Celibacy; Divorce
Marriage at Cana, Feast of the, 1107, 1542-1543
The Marriage Sacrament in the Eastern Church (papal encyclical), 1942
Marrou, H. I., 2022
Marsafa, 1546
Marsafi, Shaykh Husayn al-, 1994
Marsa Matruh. See Paraetonium
Marsanes, 1547, 2372
Marseille, France, Coptic congregations in, 1623
Martha the Egyptian, Saint, 2085
Martin I, Pope (Rome), 1112
Martin of Braga, 418
Martin Luther University (Halle-Wittenberg), 1893
Martin of Tours, Saint, 253
Martyr, Feast of the, 1547-1548
Martyr Church. See Abu Mina
Martyrdom, 1548-1549
Didascalia on, 899
Stephen as first, 885, 2153
see also Martyrology; Martyrs, Coptic
Martyria (Christian woman of Antioch), 1117
Martyrium of the Apostle Simon, 1136
Martyrium and monastery of Saint Colluthus, 701, 702
Martyrium of Paese and Thecla, 1136-1137
Martyrius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 43
Martyrology, 1549-1550
Donatist acceptance of role in church, 920
shrines, 1976
Stephen as first Christian martyr, 885, 2153
Synaxarion as source, 2173-2190
Martyrs, Coptic, 1550-1559
Abamun of Tarnut, 1
Abamun of Tukh, 1-2
Acta Alexandrinorum, 56, 1889
Agathon and his brothers, 66-67
in Alexandria, 890
in Ansina, 142
Arianus, 230-23 1
Ascla, 283
Besamon, 379
burial rites, 425
canonization, 449
in Canopus (Abuqir), 32
Copres, 598
Coptic hymns for, 1728
Cosmas and Damian, 636-640
Cyriacus and Julitta, 671
Damanhur al-Wahsh, 688
Dayr Abu Anub, 696
Dayr Abu Bifam, 297, 696
Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701, 702
Dayr Abu Musha, 708
Dayr al-Amir Tadrus, 718
Dayr Anba Abshay, 718, 719
Dayr Anba Bakhum, 730
Dayr Anba Bisadah, 732
Dayr Anba Maqar, 718
Dayr Asfal al-Ard, 783
Dayr Buqtur of Shu, 797
Dayr Mar Jirjis al-Hadidi, 831
Dayr al-Sham‘, 863
Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Isna), 865, 866, 868, 870
Demetrius of Antioch on, 893-894
in Dimayrah, 902-903
Dimyanah, 903
and Diocletian’s persecutions, 905-908, 1937
during Dionysius the Great’s patriarchy, 909-910, 911
in Durunkah, 927
Elias, 1282
Epima, 965, 965
Epimachus of Pelusium, 965-966
era of, 434, 972
Eusebius, 1069-1070
Eusignius, 1071-1072
al-Farama association, 1089
in the Fayyum, 845
feasts of the, 1101
Febronia, 1109-1110
Felix, 1110
forty monks at Raithou, 2049, 2050
forty-nine elders of Scetis, 1120-1121
Gabriel, Archangel, and, 136-137
George, Saint, and, 1140
Gobidlaha, Dado, and Caxo, 1151-1152
Gregory the Illuminator, 1183
hagiographers, 1921
Hamai of Kahyor, 1203-1204
Heraclides, 1220- 1221
Herai, 1221
of Herakleopolis, 73-74
Herpaese, 1225-1226
Hesychius, 1226
iconoclastic measures and, 1275
Isaac of Tiphre, 1304-1305
Isidorus, 1307
James, Saint and Disciple, 1109
James Intercisus, 1321
James the Persian, 324
Jirjis al-Muzahim, Saint, 1335-1336
John and Symeon, 1370
Joore, 1370
Julianus, 1225-1226
Justus, 1386-1387
and al-Khandaq, 1413
Krajon and Amun, 1419
Lacaron, 1423-1424
Leontius of Tripoli, 1442-1444
Lucian of Antioch, 1484
Macarius, 1489
Macrobius, 1494
in Mareotis, 1526-1527
Mark, 1531-1532
Menas of al-Ashmunayn, 1589
Menas the Miracle Maker, 24, 1589-1590, 1937
Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592-1594
Michael, Archangel, and, 1619
Moses the Black, 1681
Mui, 1696
in Nikiou, 1793
Olympius, 1840
Paese and Tecla, 1865
Pamphilus, 1879
Panesneu, 1880
Panine and Paneu, 1880-1881
Pantaleon, 1881-1882
Patape, 1907-1908
Peter I, Patriarch, and, 1117, 1467
Philotheus of Antioch, 1960-1961
Phoibammon of Preht, 1963-1965
Pisura, 1980
poetry on, 1985, 1986
Polycarp, 1997-1998
Psote of Psoï, 2030, 2031-2032
Ptolemaus church in Dintishar, 903
recanters from Islam, 1570
Regula, 2057
and Roman persecutions, 892, 1935- 1937; see also Persecutions
seven ascetics of Tunah, 2122
Stephen, 2153
at Sunbat, 2159
Symeon, 1370
Tecla. See Paese and Tecla
Ter and Erai, 2209
Theban Legion, 2231-2233
Theodorus, 2237-2238
Til, 2261
Tolemaus, 2271
Ursus of Solothurn, 2292-2293
Victor of Shu, 2302
Victor Stratelates, 2303-2308
see also Cycle; Persecutions; Pilgrimages; Saints, Coptic
The Martyrs of Palestine (Eusebius), 1071, 1549
Marucchi, Orazio, 1559
Marutha (Takritan), 876
Marwan II (Umayyad caliph), 37, 695, 1411
Mary (mother of Mark), 1529
Mary, Mother of God. See Annunciation; Theotokos; Virgin Mary
Mary of Alexandria, Saint, 1560, 1085
Mary the Egyptian, Saint, 1560, 2085
as anchorite, 129, 130
site of repentance, 1324
and Zosimus, Saint, 2087
Mary Magdalene, 897, 1155
Mar Yuhanna, 881
Maryut
Dayr Abu Mina, 706-707
kilns at, 481
pilgrimages to, 1968, 1970
see also ‘Abu Mina; ‘Amriyyah; Mareotis
Mashat al-marda. See Unction of the sick
Mashtul, 1561
Masil, 1561
Maximus (martyr), 1556
Masjid al-Shaykh ‘Abadah, 1528
Masks. See Portraiture, Coptic
Maspero, Gaston Camille Charles, 112, 1448, 1561, 1900
and Crum, Walter Ewing, 661
and historiography of Coptic art, 255-256, 1700
students of, 414, 1184
Maspero, Jean (Jacques) Gaston, 694, 1482, 1561-1562, 1891, 1967
Massacre of the Innocents, depicted in Coptic art, 533
Mass of the Catechumens, 1562-1565
Mass of the Faithful, 1562, 1565-1568
Mastema. See Satan
Matariyyah
pilgrimages to, 1970, 1973, 1977
tree at, 1118
Matewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1038-1040, 1591
Matins, Liturgy of, 1568-1569
Matra. See Batra (martyr)
Matrilineal succession, 1514
Matrimony. See Betrothal customs; Marriage
Matta. See Libanos (Matta), Ethiopian saint
Matthew, Apostle and Saint, 897
see also Gospel of Saint Matthew
Matthew I, Patriarch, 1569-1570
and Bartalomewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1013
burial site, 815
dates of patriarchy, 1918
and Dayr Abu Fanah, 698
as monk at Dayr Anba Antsuniyus, 722
prophecy on successor, 1130
relics removed from Birma, 392
Matthew II, Patriarch, 1571
dates of patriarchy, 1918
successor, 1133
Matthew III, Patriarch, 1571, 1975, 610
consecration of Ethiopian prelates by, 1022, 1023
dates of patriarchy, 1919
as monk at Dayr al-Baramus, 791
patriarchal residence, 1913
Matthew IV, Patriarch, 1571, 1913
and Coptic relations with Rome, 610
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Ethiopian prelates, 1024, 1025
as last patriarch residing in Harit Zuwaylah, 1208
as monk at Dayr al-Baramus, 791
profession of faith, 1780
successor, 1347
and Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 2299
Matthew the Poor, Saint, 802, 1571-1572
Coptic accounts of, 1455
Encomia on, 1196
feast day, 2085
Matthias. See Timothy and Matthias (martyrs)
Matunah (martyr), 1556
Maundy Thursday, 1107-1108, 1426, 1904
and chrism consecration, 522
lectern placement, 1435
music for, 1721
Maurice, Emperor, 125-126, 688, 1676
patriarch under, 1915
Mauritius, Saint, 1082, 1110, 1572, 2085, 2231-2233
Mausoleums. See Tombs
Mawa‘iz wa-al-I‘tibar fi Dhikr al-Khitat wa-al-Athar, al-(al-
Maqrizi), 1525
Mawhub ibn Mansur ibn Mufarrij al-Iskandarani, 782, 1239, 1573-1574
Maxentius, Emperor, 919-920
Maximian, Bishop of Ravenna, 915
Maximian, Emperor
persecutions of, 907, 1082, 1110, 1552, 1936, 1937, 1943, 2057
and Theban Legion martyrdom, 2231
and uprisings in Gaul, 904
Maximinus, Emperor
patriarch under, 1914
persecutions of, 912, 1937
Maximus, Saint and Patriarch, 93, 1574-1575
dates of patriarchy, 1914
feast day, 2085
Maximus the Confessor (monk), 1575-1576, 1678
Maximus and Domitius, Saints, 1576-1578, 1491, 1967, 2085
Arabic tradition of, 1577-1578
Coptic tradition of, 789-790, 1576-1577
Mazar al-Sayyidah al-‘Adhra’ (rock church), 853
Mazmur Idribi (Psalm Idribi), melody, 1722
Measurement. See Metrology, Coptic
Medallions. See Ampulla
Medamud, Dayr Anba Bakhum near, 729-730
Medhane Alem (savior of the world) (Lalibala church), 1425
Medical instruments, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1605
Medicine, 1578-1582
Abu Hulayqah, 19, 2055
Ahrun ibn A’yan al-Qass, 77
in Alexandria, 91, 2065
Coptic, Sahan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan and, 2079-2080
Cosmas and Damian, 636-640, 1213
at Dayr Apa Hor, 77 1-772
healings in Coptic literature, 1212-1214
Ibn al-Bitriq brothers, 1265-1266
Ibrahim ibn ‘Isa, 1273
instruments. See Medical instruments
Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas, 1306
Kaysan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan, 1395
magic spells, 1504
Mansur ibn Sahlan ibn Muqashshir, 1524
al-Mufaddal ibn Majid ibn al-Bishr, 1689
Muhadhdhab al-Din Abu Sa‘id ibn Abi Sulayman, 1691
Muwaffaq al-Din Abu Shakir ibn Abi Sulayman Dawud, 1749
Naguib Mahfouz, 1773
Nastas ibn Jurayj, 1775-1776
Olympius, Saint, 1840
onions to ward off disease, 2126
papyri, 1886-1888
Paul of Aigina, 1922
Raphael, Archangel, as patron of, 2053, 2054
Rashid al-Din Abu Sa‘id, 2055
Sahlan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan, 2079-2080
Sa‘id ibn Tufayl, 2080
see also Birth rites and customs; Pilgrimages
Meinardus, O.
on churches at Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Naqadah), 827
on Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il, 823
on Dayr al-Muharraq, 841
Melania the Elder, 1663, 1877, 1878, 1884
Melania the Younger, 2017
Melas (anchorite), 1650
Melchites and Copts, 1583
in Alexandria, 90-92, 93-94, 95
Canon of Clement, 445
conflict in Cathedral Church of the Jacobites, 93-94
and Greek language in Egypt, 1177
Ibn al-Bitriq patriarchy, 1265-1266
monks, 720
Murqus ibn Qanbar, 1699-1700
and Nubian evangelization, 1797, 1801-1802, 1813
Qustantin ibn Abi al-Ma‘ali ibn Abi al-Fath Abu al-Fath, 2046-2047
Melchizedek
depicted in Coptic art, 383, 793-794, 793
Hieracas of Leontopolis on, 1229
paintings of, 793-794, 793
Meletius. See Melitius, Bishop of Lycopolis
Melisma (Coptic musical characteristic), 1721, 1732
Melitian schism, 37, 919, 1584, 1585
Alexander I and, 8 1-84
in Alexandria, 97, 99
and Arianism, 591-592, 1878
and Athanasius, 590
and Constantine of Asyut, 591
Damian and, 689
Hesychius and, 1226
Nicaea, Council of, and, 81, 84, 1792
and Roman persecutions, 1935
and Sabellianism, 2072
Melitius, Bishop of Antioch Christology of, 1376
and Constantinople, First Council of, 594
Melitius, Bishop of Lycopolis, 296, 1584, 1585
and Alexander I, 81, 84
and appointments of bishops, 686
and Hesychius, 1226
Peter I and, 1585, 1943, 1944, 1945
see also Melitian schism
Melito of Sardis, 1585-1586
Coptic translations, 1451
and “godly monarch” concept, 1957
Melodies. See Adam; Music, Coptic; Oktoechos; Watus
Memnon, Bishop of Ephesus, 960
Memnon, colossuses of, 2065-2066
Memnonia, 1586
Memnonion of Strabo, 729
Memoirs (Paul of Aigina), 1922
Memphis, 1586-1587
as capital of Egypt, 95
end to institutionalized paganism in, 1870
Greek population, 1166
katochoi (recluses), 2055-2056
Roman travelers in, 2065
Memphitic. See Appendix
Menander, 1889
Menandros, sentences of, 2119
Ménard, René, 1730, 1743
Menarti, 1587-1588
Nubian monastery at, 1817
Menas (Dayr Apa Apollo superior), 1588-1589
icons at Bawit, 370-371, 1588
Menas (Greek martyr), 1556
Menas I. See Mina, Saint and Patriarch
Menas (town), as pilgrimage way station, 2066
Menas, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1674
Menas, Saint (soldier martyr under Diocletian), 1936-1937
Menas, Saint and Bishop of Pshati
feast day, 2085
panegyrics by, 1456
Menas, Saint and Bishop of Tmuis, 1589
and Damru, 689
as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721
Menas the Ascetic. See Menas of al-Ashmunayn, Saint
Menas of al-Ashmunayn, Saint (martyr), 1556, 1589
Menas and Hasina (martyrs), 1557
Menas the Miracle Maker, Saint, 955, 1411, 1541, 1589-1590
ampullae, 116-118, 534, 537, 541
churches dedicated to, 116-117, 808, 833
depicted in Coptic art, 270, 534, 535, 1527, 2004-2005, 2006
feast day, 1557, 2085
monasteries dedicated to, 833, 834, 853, 1622, 1974
and Nikiou, 1793, 1794
see also Abu Mina
Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1039, 1590-1591
Mennas, Bishop of Memphis, 1587
Mennufer. See Memphis
Menophantus of Ephesus, and Lucian of Antioch, 1484
Menou, Jacques François ‘Abdallah, 1591-1592
Mensurius of Carthage, Bishop, 919-920
Menuthis, paganism in, 1870
Mercurius (monk painter), 737-738, 764, 804, 1291, 1589
Mercurius, Saint (ascetic and recluse), 833, 2085
Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint, 1557, 1592-1594, 2085
and Church of Abu Sayfayn (Old Cairo), 11,549-551
churches dedicated to, 92, 710, 711, 713, 741, 743, 757, 814, 839, 1427, 1593-1594, 1613
cycle manuscripts, 1782
feast day, 1557, 2085
linked with Julian the Apostate’s death, 1382
monasteries of, 825, 1653, 1654
in Nubian liturgy, 1816-1817
portraits of, 726
relics at Dayr al-Amir Tadrus, 718
Mercurius and Ephraem (martyrs), 1557
Mercurius at Shahran. See Dayr Shahran
Merkabah mysticism, 1148
Meroë (Kush capital city), 1420
Meroites, and Qasr Ibrim, 2036, 2037
Meroitic language, 1170-1171, 1185, 1420
Merovingians, 1572
Meshach, 1092
Mesodialect. See Appendix
Mesokemic. See Appendix
Mesopotamia, 1663, 1675
Messalian movement, 2027
Metadialect. See Appendix
Metalwork, Coptic, 1594-1607
earliest works, 269
on Gospel caskets, 1153
in Louvre Museum, 1483
preservation of, 280
techniques, 1595
see also Art, historiography of Coptic
Metanoia, Monastery of the (Canopus), 32, 850, 1608-1611, 1646,
1861, 1862, 2066
post-Chalcedon, 1609-1610
Metras, Saint (martyr), 837
Metrology, Coptic, 53, 1611
Metropolitan, 1611-1612
as abun, 30
authority over bishops, 190
in ecclesiastical hierarchy, 2015
in Nubian church organization, 1813
ordained by bishop, 2193, 2194
role in church hierarchy, 1229
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, 780, 800, 1210, 1714, 1895
Metropolitan Sees, 1612-1614
Micah, 22
Michael. For names not found here, see also Kha’il; Mikha’il
Michael I. See Kha’il I, saint and Patriarch
Michael II. See Kha’il II, Patriarch
Michael IV, Saint and Patriarch, 761, 863, 1099, 1614-1615
and Church of al-Mu’allaqah (Old Cairo), 558
and Church of Sitt Maryam, 320
dates of patriarchy, 1917
feast day, 2085
and Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006
Michael V, Patriarch, 1615-1616, 1912
birthplace, 1970
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and Dayr al-Sham‘, 863
feast day, 2085
and Mika’el I, Ethiopian
prelate, 1006-1007
successor, 1340
Michael VI, Patriarch, 1616
dates of patriarchy, 1918
Michael VIII Palaeologos, 1114
Michael III. See Kha’il III, Patriarch
Michael, Bishop of Damietta. See Mikha’il, Bishop of Damietta;
Nomocanon (Michael of Damietta)
Michael, Bishop of Sandafa, 819
Michael, Saint and Bishop of Naqadah, 2085
Michael the Archangel, Saint, 1, 93, 190, 1092, 1616-1619
and Anatolius, Saint, 128
and Anub, Saint, 152
in Apocryphon of Jeremiah, 170
and Ari, Saint, 229
and the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, 292, 293
churches dedicated to, 92, 93, 355, 1617-1618
confraternities of, 586-587
in the Coptic Testament of Isaac, 612
and Cosmas and Damian, Saints, 639
depicted in Coptic art, 250, 270, 794, 868, 869
and Elias of Samhud, Saint, 953
and Epima, Saint, 965
feast of, 1111
funerary customs, 1125
and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136
iconography of, 250
investiture in Heaven, 1618- 1619
and Isidorus martyrdom, 1307
and John of Parallos homily, 1368
and Lacaron, Saint, 1424
in magical texts, 1501, 1502
monasteries dedicated to, 1974
in Nubian church art, 1812
in Nubian liturgy, 1816
in Nubian medieval inscription, 1805
patron of church at Bani Kalb, 335
Peter I Encomium on, 1946
and Satan, 1184
in Testament of Abraham, 164
in Testaments of the Patriarchs, 164
and Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2304, 2306
see also Chapel of the Archangel Michael; Dayr al-Malak
Mikha’il
Michael bar Elias, Chronicle, 97-98
Michael Cerularius, 1113
Michael of Damietta (twelfth-century “new” martyr), 1557
Michael al-Ghamri, Bishop of Samannud, 1131
Michael of Qamulah, Saint, 2085
Michael the Syrian, on Nubian evangelization, 1801-1802
Michalowski, Kazimierz, 613, 1091, 1092, 1620, 1812
Michigan papyrus of Acts. See Acts, Michigan papyrus of
Middle Egyptian dialect
in Old Testament, Coptic translations of, 1837-1838
see also Appendix; Oxyrhynchite dialect
Middle Platonism, and Origen, 1847
Middle Sa‘id, monasteries of, 1654-1655
Miedema, Rein, 1620
Migne, Jacques-Paul, 1620
Migration, Coptic, 1620-1624
Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006-1007
Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007- 1008
Mika’el III, Ethiopian prelate, 1013-1014
Mika’el IV, Ethiopian prelate, 1023-1024
Mikha’il I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325
Mikha’il I, II, III, patriarchs. See Kha’il I, II, III
Mikha’il IV, V. See Michael IV, Michael V
Mikha’il, Bishop of Asyut, 755
Mikha’il, Bishop of Atrib and Malij, 1-2, 458-459, 1625-1627
on cheirotonia, 517
on Maximus and Domitius, Saints, 1577-1578
Mikha’il, Bishop of Damietta, 1613, 1624-1625
and blessing styles, 404
on Canons of Gregory of Nyssa, 457
collected Nomocanon of, 1781
on communion of the sick, 580
on incense, 1290
nomocanon of, 1129
opposition to Murqus ibn Qanbar, 1624, 1625, 1699
succeeded by Butrus Sawirus al-Jamil, Bishop, 431
Mikha’il, Bishop of Dumyat, 926
Mikha’il, Kyriakos, 1627-1628
Mikha’il ‘Abd al-Sayyid, 1628, 1993
Mikha’il al-Bahrawi, 1628
Mikha’il ibn Butrus, 1629
Mikha’il ibn Danashtari. See Michael V, Patriarch
Mikha’il ibn Ghazi, 1629
Mikha’il ibn Ya‘qub ‘Ubayd al-Misri, 1630
Mikha’il Jirjis, Mu‘allim, 1629-1630, 1737, 1737, 1742
Mikha’il of Misr (al-Fustat), Bishop, 1533
Mikha’il al-Misri (monk), 1630
Mikha’il Sharubim, 1630-1631
and British occupation of Egypt, 419
private collection in Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 608
Milan, Edict of (313), 81, 208, 298, 588-589, 902
Mileham, G. 5., 1091
Milik al-Kamil, al-, Sultan, 1121
Military. See Army, Roman; Castrum; Costume, military; Warriors in Coptic art
Military-executive offices in Mamluk state. See Copts in late
medieval Egypt
Milius (martyr), 1557
Millenarians, 911
Millet, 1087, 1631
Milner, Lord, 1990, 1991, 2074
Milvian Bridge, battle of (312), 81, 588, 1869
Mina, al-, 895
Mina, Bishop of Sanabu, 1631
Mina I, Saint and Patriarch, 1631-1632
dates of patriarchy, 1916
feast day, 2085
and Yuhanna, 2356
Mina II, Patriarch, 1632-1633, 1912
and chrism consecration, 521
dates of patriarchy, 1916
and Ethiopian prelates, 1001
successor, 10
Mina, Saint. See Menas the Miracle Maker, Saint
Minas, Ethiopian prelate, 1000-1001
Mina the Solitary. See Cyril VI, Patriarch
Minbar, al- (publication), 1990
Mingarelli, A., 1895
Minor Doxology, 923-924
Minsha’at al-Shaykh. See Dayr al-Zawiyah
Minshah, al-. See Psoï
Mint. See Coinage in Egypt
Mintash (Mamluk amir), 1570
Minufiyyah Province, monasteries in, 1655
Minuf al-Sufla. See Mahallat Minuf
Minuf al-‘Ulyah, 1633, 2362
Minya, 1634
Dayr Abu Sarabam at, 709-710
Dayr Apa Hor at, 770-771
hermitages in, 1654
memorial to Abu Fis at, 716
See also Sanabu
Minya al-Qamh, pilgrimages to, 1973
Minyat al-Shammas, Dayr al-Sham‘, 863
Minyat al-Sudan, Dayr al-‘Adawiyyah, 712
Miracles
Basil, Saint, 115-116
at Dayr Abu Musa, 707
at Dayr al-Maghtis, 818
at Dayr al-Muharraq, 840
Demetrius of Antioch on, 893-894
first of Jesus Christ, 1107
in Gregory V patriarchy, 1130-1131
healings in Coptic literature, 1212-1213
and laying-on of hands, 1433
of Marqus al-Antuni, 1542
of Maximus and Domitius, 1576-1577, 1578
of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592, 1593
of Michael the Archangel, 1618
of Moses of Abydos, 1680
moving of Muqattam hill, 1095
of Pantaleon, 1882
of Patasius, 1908
in Peter VII patriarchy, 1950
of Phoibammon of Preht, 1964
of Pshoi of Scetis, 2029
at Qalamun, 758
of Thomas, Apostle and Saint, 1635
Virgin Mary, apparition of The, 681, 840, 871, 969, 2308-23 10, 2309
Miracles of Ptolemy, on Dayr Anba Shinudah, 765
Miracula Coluthi, 893
Miracula Victoris (Demetrius of Antioch), 894
Mirhom, ‘Aziz, 1996
Misr al-Qahirah, 1312
Mirrors, 1509, 1606, 1607
supported by wood frame, 2338
Mirza, ‘Aziz, 2011
Misa’il, Saint, 1634, 2085
Misas, Dayr Abu Musa at, 707
Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar), 1267, 1272, 1463-1464, 1634, 1735
on Books of Chronicles, 1827
on Canons of Epiphanius, 456-457
on canons of Nicaea, 1789
on Ezra, 1829
manuscript in Paris, 1779
on Nomocanon of Gabriel II ibn Turayk, 1799
on Ruth, 1835
Misr, al- (publication), 1465, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2011, 2020, 2198
Misr, Metropolitan See of, 761, 1613, 1912
Misr Bank, 1694
Misra (twelfth month of Coptic calendar), 439, 2189-2190
Mission archéologique française de Caire, 693
Missionaries
Anglican in Egypt, 133
in India, 1635-1636, 1881
liturgy spread by early Coptic, 1733
Longinus, 1479-1480
Manichaean, 1520, 1521
Mark, Saint, 1529-1530
monophysites, 1673, 1674-1675
Nubian evangelization, 1801- 1802
Nubian Islamization, 1802-1804
Protestant in Egypt, 1693
Roman Catholic to Copts, 1330, 1349, 1538
Theban Legion in Switzerland, 2231-2233
Ulphilas, Apostle to the Goths, 2285
see also Evangeliary
Missionaries in India, Coptic, 1635-1636, 1881
Mississippi Coptic Codex I. See Crosby Schøyen Codex
Missoria, 1607
Mistrih, Vincentio, 1464
Mit Damsis
churches dedicated to Saint George at, 1140
pilgrimages to, 1968, 1970- 1971
Miter, 1469, 1476, 1477
Mithra (pagan deity), 1617-1618, 1866
Mithraism, Michael the Archangel’s link with, 1617- 1618
Mit Rahinah, 1586
Mit Shammas, Dayr al-Sham‘ at, 865
Modalist Monarchians, 1637, 1638
on nature of Christ, 547
see also Monarchianism; Sabellianism
Modern Egypt, Copts in, 1636- 1637
political thought, 1993-1996
Moftah, Ragheb, 1730, 1737-1738, 1742, 1743
Monarchianism, 1637-1338
Eusebius of Caesarea opposition to, 1070-1071
and homoiousion controversy, 1253
Sabellianism and, 2072
Monarchs. See Kings, anointing of; specific names
Monasteries
abbots, 2-3
in Alexandria, 95; see also specific names
Anba Orion, 12
in Ansina, 142
Arab conquest impact on, 693-694
archives, 227-228
attitudes toward music in, 1733
canonical hours, 1724
Church of Saint George (Jerusalem), 1327-1328
and Coptic literature, 1458-1459
in Damanhur bishopric, 687
dedicated to Phoibammon, 1964-1965
deuterarios term, 895
diaconia term, 896
in Diolkos province, 908
donation of children to, 918-919
donations to, 1430
in Durunkah, 927
economic activities of
and Egyptian economy, 1643-1645
income-producing work, 802
and oikonomos, 1825-1826
outlays, 1642-1643
economic influence of, 1676, 1677
Eikoston, 951
the Enaton, 954-958, 957
at Faras, 1090
Farshut, 12
Farshut vicinity, 1093
Fatimid rule impact on, 1098
Fayyum as early center, 1100
of free monks (“sarabaïtes”), 702
hisn fortification, 1237
inscriptions found at, 1291, 1292
involuntary reclusion, 2055
at Karnak, 1393, 1393
keep construction, 1395-1396
Kellia grouping, 1396-1409
khizanah (hiding place), 1415
laura, 1428
libraries, 1448, 1977
library of medical literature, 1578-1579, 1886-1888
Lithazomenon and Saint Peter’s Bridge, 1467
al-Makarim listing of, 1462
Maqrizi history on, 1525
medical papyri, 1886-1888
most isolated in Egypt, 758
mummification, 1697
murals in, 1873-1874, 1875
of Nitria, 1794-1796
nursing practices, 1581-1582
Oktokaidekaton, 1826-1827
paintings, 1659-1660
in Pbow, 126, 1927-1929
in Pempton region, 1931
Persian conquests of, 1938, 1939
in Philae, 1955-1956
pilgrims and travelers to, 1976-1977
Pisentius of Hermonthis founding, 1978
proestos term, 2021
provost, 2024
Raithou, 2050
restorations by Gabriel VII, Patriarch, 1133
in Scetis, 2102-2106
Takinash, 2199
Tall Atrib, 2 199-2200
Tamnuh, 2201
Tanbida, 2201
Theotokos duplicates, 714
travelers’ interest under Roman empire, 2066
vigils, 2308
see also Dayr headings; Ethiopian monasticism; Hermitage; Hermitages, Theban; Monasticism; Monasticism, Pachomian; Monks; Nubian monasticism; specific monasteries
Monasteries, economic activities of, 1638-1645
Monasteries, Nubian. See Nubian monasteries
Monasteries in and around Alexandria, 1645-1646
Monasteries in and around Cairo, 1646-1647
Monasteries in the Beheirah Province, 1646
Monasteries in Cyprus, 1647-1648
Monasteries in the Daqahliyyah Province, 1648-1649
Monasteries of the Eastern Desert, 1649-1650, 1659
Monasteries of the Eastern Desert of the Delta and Sinai, 1650
Monasteries of the Fayyum, 1650-1651
Monasteries in the Gharbiyyah Province, 1651-1652
Monasteries of the Lower Sa‘id, 1652-1654
Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id, 1654-1655
Monasteries in the Minufiyyah Province, 1655
Monasteries in the Qalyubiyyah Province, 835, 1655
Monasteries of the Sharqiyyah Province, 1655-1656
Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id, 1656-1658, 1659
Monasteries of the Western Desert, 1658-1659
Monastery of the Abyssinians, 1654
Monastery of Anba Hiziqyal. See Dayr Anba Hiziqyal
Monastery of Andrew. See Dayr Abu al-Lif
Monastery of Apa Harun, 1652
Monastery of Apollo. See Bawit
Monastery of the Archangel Michael (Sopehes), 1449
Monastery of the Armenians. See Dayr al-Arman
Monastery of the Bones. See Dayr al-‘Izam
Monastery of the Brothers. See Dayr al-Ikhwah
Monastery of the Brothers of Siyalah. See Dayr al-Ikhwah
Monastery of Brucheum (Alexandria), 1646
Monastery of Canopus. See Metanoia, Monastery of the
Monastery of the Crosses. See Dayr Abu Fanah
Monastery of Enaton. See Enaton, The
Monastery of the Epiphany. See Dayr Ebifania
Monastery of the Ethiopians. See Dayr al-Muharraq
Monastery of the Exchange. See Dayr al-Maymun
Monastery of Ezekiel. See Dayr al-Saqiyah
Monastery of the Forty Saints (Alexandria), 1646
Monastery of the Greeks. See Dayr Anba Bakhum; Dayr al-Rumi
Monastery of Heraclius. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah)
Monastery of the Hermits, 38
Monastery of the Holy Cross. See Dayr al-Salib
Monastery of the Holy Virgin at al-‘Adawiyyah. See Dayr al-‘Adawiyyah
Monastery of Hunger. See Dayr al-Ju‘
Monastery of the Island. See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah
Monastery of John Colobos, 734, 790, 2103, 2105
Monastery of John Kama, 1270, 2104
Monastery of John the Short. See Monastery of John Colobos
Monastery of Mark the Evangelist, 2041, 2042
Monastery of the Martyrs. See Dayr al-Shuhada’
Monastery of Matthew the Poor. See Dayr al-Fakhuri
Monastery of the Metanoia. See Metanoia, Monastery of the
Monastery of Michael and Cosmas, 1588
Monastery of the Mother of God (Alexandria), 1646
Monastery of the Mountain of the Bird. See Dayr al-‘Adhra (Samalut)
Monastery of the Mule. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah)
Monastery of al-Nur, 1653
Monastery “of the Mother of God of the Syrians”, 876
Monastery of Saint John. See Dayr al-Saqiyah
Monastery of Pachomius. See Dayr Anba Bakhum
Monastery paintings, Coptic, 1659-1660
Dayr Anb Hadra, 747
Monastery of Pamin, 1649
Monastery of the Patrician, 125, 955, 1931
Monastery of Paul the Leper (Alexandria), 1646
Monastery of the Pool. See Dayr al-Maghtis
Monastery of the Potter. See Dayr al-Fakhuri
Monastery of the Pulley. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut); Dayr Mar Mina (Jabal Abu Fudah)
Monastery in the quarter of the Ethiopians. See Dayr bi’l-Habash
Monastery of Saint Antony. See also Dayr Anba Antuniyus
Monastery of Saint Antony (Famagusta), 1647
Monastery of Saint Antony (Nairobi), 1622
Monastery of Saint Antony (Nicosia), 1648
Monastery of Saint Catherine. See Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine
Monastery of Saint Elias. See Dayr Anba Helias
Monastery of Saint Epima of Pshante, 824
Monastery of Saint Gabriel. See Dayr al-Naqlun
Monastery of Saint George, 824, 1649, 1653
see also Dayr Mar Jirjis
Monastery of Saint Jeremiah (Saqqara). See Dayr Apa Jeremiah
Monastery of Saint John the Baptist. See Holy Land, churches of the
Monastery of Saint John Kama, 1270, 2104
Monastery of Saint Macarius. See Dayr Anba Maqar
Monastery of Saint Macarius (Klima), 1647
Monastery of Saint Macarius (Platani), 1647- 1648
Monastery of Saint Mark (Alexandria), 1646
Monastery of Saint Menas, 707
Monastery of Saint Menas the Recluse. See Dayr Mar Mina (Gharbiyyah)
Monastery of Saint Michael (Hamuli), 1619
Monastery of Saint Paul. See Dayr Anba Bula
Monastery of Saint Simeon. See Dayr Anba Hadra
Monastery of Saint Sinuthius. See Dayr Anba Shinudah
Monastery of Saint Victor. See Dayr al-Jabrawi
Monastery of Samuel. See Dayr al-Sanad
Monastery of the Seven Mountains. See Dayr al-‘Izam (Asyut); Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal
Monastery of Shenute. See Dayr al-Salib
Monastery of Stone. See Dayr al-Hajar
Monastery of the Tabennesiotes. See Metanoia, Monastery of the
Monastery of the Tigers. See Dayr Anba Bula
Monastery of the Town. See Dayr al-Madinah
Monastery of the Vine-Dresser. See Dayr Nahya
Monastery of the Virgin, 7, 704, 927; see also Dayr al-‘Adhra
Monastery of the Virgin of Baramus, 790
Monasticism
British Isles, 417-418
Ethiopian, 990-994
Nubian, 1817-1818
twentieth-century revival of, 1668
Monasticism, Egyptian, 1661-1664
anachoresis, 118-120, 1320-1321, 1661, 1958
Antony of Egypt influence on, 150
Apophthegmata patrum on, 177- 178
cell, 477-478
Coptic influence on, 101
and Coptic language diffusion, 1168, 1177
Coptic text translations on, 1454
desert fathers and, 894; see also Desert fathers
early beginnings in Dalas, 685
Ebionite influence on, 930
Evagrius Ponticus works on, 1076-1077
al-Farama as center, 1089
Gangra, Council of, on asceticism, 1138
Historia monachorum in Aegypto on, 1237-1238, 2068-2069
in Mareotis, 1527
martyrs and, 1881
Melitian, 1584
in Memphis, 1587
as model in other areas, 1663-1664
origins, 1661-1664
Palladius text on, 1876-1877
proestos term, 2021
reclusion as fundamental element of, 2055-2056
refectory elements and usage, 2056
Roman papal acceptance of, 299
and Roman taxation, 2204
see also Asceticism; Anachoresis; Anchorites; Dayr headings; Desert fathers; Hermitage; Hermits; Monk; Monasteries; specific personal and place names
Monasticism, Pachomian, 26, 32, 41, 78-80, 126, 1661, 1662-1663, 1664-1665
Abraham of Farshut and, 11
anchorite contrasted with, 725
cell, 477
and Claudius, Saint, 561
convents, 1663, 1822, 1860, 2325
and Cornelius as “ancient brother,” 635
definition, 1667
deuterarios term, 895
diaconia term, 896
in Diolkos province, 908
and Hamai of Kahyor, Saint, 1204
Horsiesios and, 1257
and Joseph of Tsenti, Saint, 1374
Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608, 1610-1611
monastery sites, 1657
mourning rites, 1686
numbers of monks, 1662- 1663
oikonomos at, 1826
opposition to, 1138
organization of, 1664-1665
Pachomius as founder, 1661, 1664, 1859-1863
Pachomius the Younger, 1864
Palladius on, 1877
Paphnutius and, 1882
Pbow, 1926-1929
Petronius, Saint, and, 1952
and pilgrimages, 1973-1974
proestos term, 2021
Pseudo-Macarius homilies addressed to, 2027
at Raithou, 2049-2050
refectory as standard architectural element, 2056
Rules of Saint Pachomius, 1861-1862
Souros, 2144
Tabennese site, 2197
and Theodorus of Tabennese, 2239-2240
and Victor of Tabennese, 2308
see also Pbow
Monastic vestments. See Monks, vestments
Mond, R., 861
Monde Copte, Le (publication), 1666
Monenergism, 1666, 1676
Monk, 1667-1668
see also Dayr headings; Hermits; Monasticism; Monasteries;
specific names
Monks
abbots, 2-3
Abraham of Farshut, 11-12
anchorite way of life compared with cenobite, 724-725
in church hierarchy, 1229
Coptic in Ireland, 253
Coptic texts on, 1455
Cornelius, 635
Ethiopian, 747-748
and genuflection, 1139
iconoclastic measures against, 1275
manshubiyyas dwellings, 749
Moses of Abydos, 1679-1681
Moses the Black, 1681
Paphnutius, 1882
Paphnutius of Pbow, 1883-1884
Paphnutius of Scetis, 1884
and patriarchal election, 1911
as patriarchs, 1999
portraits in Old Church of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 727
Pshoi of Scetis, 2029-2030
simulating madness for God, 1541
tasks and trades, 1641-1643
total number in the Wadi Habib area in the year, 1088, 2135
vestments, 650-655, 1477
Victor, 2301
Victor of Tabennese, 2308
see also Anchorites; Desert fathers; Hermitage; Hermits;
Monasticism; specific names
Monneret de Villard, Ugo, 1668-1669
on Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804
and Nubian church art, 1811
and Tamit, 2200
Monophysitism, 1669-1677
Acacian schism, 42-47, 1671- 1672
Alexandrian, 101, 102
and Arab conquest of Egypt, 188
and Assumption, 290
and Chalcedon, Council of, 512-515, 663-664
and Christian subjects in Coptic art, 528
Christology, 547, 548, 679
and communicatio idiomatum, 578
consolidation of, 1672-1673, 1675
and Constantinople, Second Council of, 596
and Copts, 599-600
and Dyophysites in Alexandria, 97, 99
and ecthesis edict, 682
and Egypt in late antiquity, 100, 944-947
in Ethiopia, 986-987
and Greek-speakers in Egypt, 1177
and iconoclasm, 1275, 1276
influence on Coptic education, 931-932
and Jacob Baradaeus, 1318-1319
and Jacob of Saruj, 13 19-1320
John of Ephesus writings on, 1362
and Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus, 1379
and Justin II, Emperor, 1384-1385
and Justinian, Emperor, 1385
Longinus, 1480
and Makourian Christian conversion, 1513
missions, 1674-1675
monasteries’ economic impact, 1676, 1677
monenergism and, 1666-1667
on nature of Christ. See subhead Christology
and Nubian evangelization, 1797, 1800, 1801-1802, 1813, 1817
and Nubian liturgy, 1817
and Paul the Black patriarchy, 1922-1923
and persecution, 125-126, 165, 1676
and Peter III Mongus patriarchy, 1947-1948
and Philoxenus of Mabbug, 1672-1673, 1961-1962
pre-Chalcedon, 1669-1670
Roman Empire relations, 1675-1677; see also specific rulers
and Sabellianism, 2072
and Scetis monks, 2104
Severan/Alexandrian rift, 1673
and Severus of Antioch, 1673, 1674, 2123-2125
and Theodora, Empress, 2234
and Theodoret, 2236
Theodosians, 2240-2241
and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264, 2266-2267
see also Acacian schism; Cyril I, Saint; Monotheletism
Monotheletism, 1678
and Constantinople, Third Council of, 595-597
and ecthesis edict, 682, 932
monenergist merger with, 1667
Mons Porphyrites, 1649
Monte Corvino, 1635
Months of Coptic calendar. See Calendar, months of Coptic; specific months
Monuments
dating of, 693-694
Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 851-852
Morenz, Siegfried, 614, 1439, 1678, 2186
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 824
Morgan Library. See Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City
Morning Offering of Incense, music with, 1719, 1721, 1739
Morning prayer. See Matins, Liturgy of, 1568
Mosaic law. See Law, Mosaic
Mosaics, Copto-Muslim, 311
Moschus, John. See John Moschus
Moses (hermit). See Daniel and Moses
Moses (monk of Scetis), Cassian on, 462
Moses (Old Testament)
Apocalypse of, 165
and fasting as spiritual preparation, 1095
and liturgical instruments, 1469, 1470
pagan deity linked with, 1868
Philo on, 1957
and site of Mount Sinai Monastery of Catherine, 1681
Testament of, 163
Moses, Bishop of Awsim, 843, 1631, 1678-1679
Moses of Abydos, 1679-1681
as archimandrite, 193
as desert father, 894
monasteries linked with, 707, 729
Moses of Balyana, Coptic
accounts of, 1455
Moses the Black, Saint, 1681
Anba Bishoi confused with, 738
as anchorite, 129, 130
as black man, 248
depicted in wall paintings, 727
martyrdom, 1557
monastery of, 707, 708
Zacharias of Scetis and, 1681, 2369
Moses of Nisibis, abbot of Dayr al-Suryan, 876
Moses of Qift, 1368, 1455
Moses and Sarah (martyrs), 1557
Moslem Brotherhood, 951
Mosques
‘Amr at al-Fustat, 92
al-Aqmar, 810, 814
Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Old Cairo), 711
at Dongola, 922
Jerusalem, 1098, 1099
Mountain of Isis. See Dayr al-Kubaniyyah
Mountain of the Palm. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut)
Mount Casios. See Katib al-Qals
Mount of Olives, 1446
Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1539, 1593, 1681-1685, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1900, 1903
capital at, 777
and Catherine, Saint, 2325
Codex Sinaiticus discovered at, 570-571
keeps in lauras of, 1395, 1396
as laura of hermitages, 1224-1225
manuscript microfilming project, 2353
manuscripts of hymn and psalm texts found at, 1735
oldest icons from, 1277
pilgrimages to, 1976
Qustantin ibn Abi al-Ma‘ali ibn Abi al-Fath Abu al-Fath
retirement to, 2046, 2047
Mount Tabor, Jesus Christ’s transfiguration on, 1109
Mourner-penitents, 1932
Mourning in early Christian times, 1125, 1686
Mouseion (Alexandria), 1167
Mu‘allaqah Church. See Church of al-Mu‘allaqah
Mu‘aqqab, 1687, 2198
Mu‘ayyad, al- (publication), 1465, 1466, 1988, 2011
Mu‘ayyad, al-, Sultan, 1130
Mubarak, Husni, president of Egypt, 1991
Mubashirun, 168b7-1688
Mudji. See Thecla and Mudi (martyrs)
Mufaddal ibn Majid ibn al-Bishr, al-, 1689
Muftah, Raghib, 1630
Muhadhdhab Abu al-Malih Zakariyya, 1268
Muhadhdhab al-Din Abu Sa‘id ibn Abi Sulayman, 1691
Muhammad, Prophet of Islam, 72, 184-185, 1331
Coptic consort of, 1528
Muhammad ‘Adbu, Shaykh al-Islam, 1465
Muhammad ‘Ali, Viceroy, 1691-1692
Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty, 1691-1694
and administrative organization of Egypt, 935
and Consultative Council founding, 598
Coptic education under, 932
Copts under, 2314
and Cyril V, Patriarch, 677
Ghali as finance minister, 1141
Jirjis al-Jawhari and, 1334
Republican Party opposition, 1987
Rizq Agha and, 2059
and societal modernization, 1993
Muhammad Bey al-Alfi, 1141
Muhammad Bey Zadeh, 1538
Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi, 1922
Muhammad Ramzi, 1695
Muhdi, Muhammad al-, 1695-1696
Muhtasib, al-. See al-Hisbah
Mui, Saint (martyr), 1557, 1696
Mu‘izz, al-, Caliph
and Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, 10, 11
Fatimid dynasty policies, 1095, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1632-1633
Mukhtar, Mahmud, 1995
Mumarah. See Censer
Mummification, 1696-1697, 1865, 1868
funerary portraiture, 2001-2003
Mummy labels, 1698
Muna, al-. See Kellia
Muna al-Amir, Dayr al-Amir Tadrus, 718
Munier, Adolphe Henri, 1698
Dayr Abu Lifah inscriptions, 704
Muqaddimah, See Appendix
Muqatta‘, al-. See James Intercisus
Muqattam hill (Cairo), moving of, 1095
Muqawqas, al-. See Cyrus al-Muqawqas
Muqtataf, al- (publication), 1996
Murad Bey, 1274
Murad Kamil, 1197, 1206, 1230, 1698-1699
Murals. See Painting, Coptic mural
Muratorian Canon, 1158
Muriel. See Abbaton
Murqus. See also Mark; Marqos
Murqus, Archbishop of Alexandria, 893
Murqus al-Antuni, Saint, 722, 1621, 1699
Murqus of Beheira, Metropolitan, 1614
Murqus Hanna, 1990
Murqus ibn Qanbar, 1699-1700
and blessings, 404
and Book of Spiritual Medicine authorship, 1626
death at Dayr al-Qusayr, 854
and al-Durr al-Thamin authorship, 926
exiled to Dayr Anb Antuniyus, 722
Mikha’il, Bishop of Damietta, as adversary, 1624-1625
Murqus ibn Zar‘ah. See Mark III, Saint and Patriarch
Murqusiyyah, patriarchal residence at, 1913
Murqus al-Mashriqi al-Mallawani, 1700
Murqus of Matay, Abuna, 1737
Murqus Simaykah, 1700, 1892
Coptic collections, 256
Murray, Margaret Alice, 1700-1701
Musa (martyr), 1553
Musa, Salama, 1995, 1996
Musa al-Aswad. See Moses the Black, Saint
Museum of Art and History, Fribourg, Switzerland, 1603, 1604
Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, Hungary, 4
Museums, Coptic collections in, 1701-1715
at Dayr Anba Maqar, 756
Louvre, 1481-1483
State Museum of Berlin, 2146-2147
see also Art, historiography of Coptic; Papyrus collections; names
of specific countries, museums, types of art and artifacts
Musha (site), 708, 797
Music, Coptic, 1715-1744
Adam and Watus, 63, 1722, 1724, 2320-2321
antiphon, 148-149
canonical hours, 1724, 1733
canticles, 1729, 1733
cantors, 460, 564, 1732, 1736-1738, 1742
chanters and singers, 1629-1630
characteristic phenomenon, 1721
corpus and present practice, 1715-1729
description of corpus, 2024
in Epiphany, Liturgy of the, 967-968
history, 1731-1736
for Holy Week, 1251
hymns, 900-901, 2254-2255
instruments. See Musical instruments
lahn, 1425, 1722
language relationship to melody, 1730-1731
liturgical prayer of Trisagion, 2017
musicologists, 1741-1742, 1743- 1744
nonliturgical, 1744
oral tradition of, 1730
and poetry, 1985-1986
Psalmodia service, 1725-1729
responsory, 2058
transcriptions in Western notations, 1742-1744
waham, 2313
Watus, 2320-2321
Musical instruments, 1604-1605, 1605, 1732, 1738-1739
Clement of Alexander’s disapproval of, 1733
Coptic link with Irish harp, 1734, 1740
wooden, 2333-2334, 2334
see also specific kinds
Musicologists, 1741-1742, 1743-1744
Muslim Brethren (al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun), 1694, 1996
Muslim Brotherhoods, 1991, 2313-2316
Muslim Copts. See Copts in late medieval Egypt
Muslims. See Islam
Mustafa Fahmi Pasha, 1693
Mustafa Kamil, 1747-1748, 1987-1988, 1994, 2011, 2322, 2333
Mustafa al-Nahhas, 1515-1516, 2323
Mustansir, al-, Caliph, 324, 1097, 1099, 1574
Musturud, pilgrimages to, 1968, 1970
Mu‘taman Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-‘Assal, 1266, 1268, 1511, 1748, 2356
Mutawakkil, al-, Caliph, 1412
Muwaffaq al-Din Abu Shakir ibn Abi Sulaymn Dawud, 1749
Muwaffaq al-Din ibn Sa‘id al-Dawlah. See Hibat Allah ‘Abd-allah
Ibn Sa‘id al-Dawlah al-Qibti
Muyser, Jacob Louis Lambert, 1749, 1975
Myers, 0. H., 861
Myron procession, 1474
see also Chrism
Mystagogia (Photius), 1113
Mysteries of Greek Letters (treatise), 1749-1750
Mysticism
and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1249
of desert fathers, 113
of Dionysius (Saint Denis of Paris), 908
and gnosticism, 1149-1151
of Philo of Alexandria, 1957
of Plotinus, 1982
symbolic interpretation of Greek letters, 1749-1750
see also Magic
Mythological subjects in Coptic art, 265-266, 281-282, 1659, 1660, 1750-1768
Amazons, 1750-1751
Aphrodite, 1752-1753, 1752, 1753
Apollo and Daphne, 1753-1754, 1754
Ariadne, 1754, 1755
Bellerophon and the Chimera, 1754-1755
dancers, 1755-1757, 1756
Daphne, 1753-1754, 1754, 1757-1758, 1758
Dionysus, 1758-1760, 1759, 1760
Hercules, 1761, 1762
historiography, 258-260
Horus, 1761-1762
and hunting theme, 1259
Jason, 1762-1763
Leda, 1763
Nereids, 1763, 1763-1764, 1763, 1764
Nile God, 1764, 1765-1765, 1765
Nilotic scenes, 1765-1766, 1766
pastoral scenes, 1766-1767
seasons, 1767
Thetis, 1767-1768, 1768
Three Graces, 1768
see also Symbols in Coptic art

N_______________________

Nabaruh, 1769
Nabataeans, traces at Dayr Abu Daraj, 697
Nabdunah, 1769
Naber. See Onophrius, Saint
Nabis, Bishop, 1769-1770
Nabraha, Saint, 1557, 1770
Nadim, ‘Abdallah al-, 1994, 1995
Nag Hammadi, 1770
see also Jabal al-Taarit
Nag Hammadi codices, 1149-1150, 1300
Dayr Anba Palaemon, 757
Dayr Mar Mina, 833-834
see also Nag Hammadi Library; specific names
Nag Hammadi Library, 1770-1773, 1771, 1772, 1892, 1893, 1899
Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles, 61
Allogenes, 105
Apocrypha of John, 1771
Apocryphon of James, 169
Asclepius 21-29, 284
Authentilcos Logos, 1153
Book of Thomas the Contender, 411-412
Codex Jung, 568-569
Dialogue of the Savior, 897
and Encratites, 958-959
Eugnostos the Blessed, 1068-1069
Exegesis on the Soul, 1080-1081
Gnostic codices linked with Upper Egyptian monastic setting, 1453
Gospel of the Egyptians, 1153
Gospel of Philip, 1156
Gospel of Thomas, 1162, 1771
Gospel of Truth, 1164
Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261
Hypsiphrone, 1262
Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301
Letter of Peter to Philip, 1446
Marsanes (Codex X), 1547
Melchizedek, 1583
and Pachomius the Younger, 1864
Paraphrase of Shem, 1901
Plato’s Republic excerpt, 1981
Prayer of the Apostle Paul, 2007
Prayer of Thanksgiving, 2007
and Puech, Henri-Charles, 2032
Second Treatise of the Great Seth, 21 17-2118
Sentences of Sextus, 2119-2120
sixth tractate, 916-917
Sophia of Jesus Christ, 1068-1069
Teachings of Silvanus, 2207-2208
Testimonium veritatis (Testimony of Truth), 1229, 2209-2210
Thought of Norea, 2257
Three Stelae of Seth, 2259-2260
Thunder, Perfect Mind, 2260
Treatise on the Resurrection, 2275
Trimorphic Protennoia, 2276
Tripartite Tractate, 2277
Valentinian Exposition, 2295-2296
Zostrianus, 2371-2372
Naguib, Muhammad, 1123
Naguib Mahfouz, 1773
Naharua (martyr), 1557
Nahhas, Mustafa al-, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992-1993
Nahj al-Sabil fi al-Radd ‘ala man Qadaha al-Injil, al-, 1463
Nahya. See Dayr Nahya
Naj ‘Abu ‘Azizah, 740
Naj‘ al-Dayr (village of the monastery), 825, 826-827, 861, 1657
see also Dayr al-Shahid Philuthawaus
Naj‘ al-Hajar, 1773-1774
Naj‘ Qurqutan, 1658
Naj‘ al-Shinshifi, 781
Nakhlah, Rufa’il, 1465, 1467
Nakiti. See Nicetas (martyr)
Names
magical elements, 1500-1501
place names (Coptic toponomy), 2271-2274
Nanaia (pagan deity), 1866
Naos, 213, 221, 222
Naou (martyr), 1552
Napata (Kush capital city), 1420
Napoleon Bonaparte, 1206, 1284, 1416, 1417, 1511, 1526, 1591,
1688, 1977
and Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1332-1334
Napoleon III, Emperor, 1481
Napoleonic Wars, 1512
Naqadah, 1774
monasteries at, 747, 819, 827, 860, 1656
Naq‘ al-Ghalal wa naf‘ al-‘alal (al-Mufaddal), 1689
Naqizah, 1774-1775
Naqlun, al-, shrine dedicated to Gabriel, Archangel, 1137
Naqus (term), 1738-1739
Narcissus, Saint, 2085
Narses, King of Persia, 906, 2344
Narses (Persarmenian general), 2341
Narthex, 213-214, 222
Nashi’ al-Akbar, al-, al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal reply to, 2077
Nash Papyrus, 1775
Nasim Abu Sa‘d ibn ‘Abd al-Sayyid, 8, 1775
Nasir ibn Qalawun, al-, Sultan, 935, 940, 1517-1518
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, president of Egypt, 948-949, 1637, 1971
Nastaruh (Nastarawah), 1775
Nastas ibn Jurayj, 1306, 1775-1776
Natalius, Bishop, 1638
Nathaniel, Saint, 2085
National Antiquities Museum, Leiden, 4, 227, 1895
National Democratic Party, 1991
Nationalist Party (al-Hizb al-Watani), 1627, 1748, 1987-1988, 1992, 2322- 2323
National Library, Cairo, 1993
National Library, Naples, 1894
National Library, Paris, Arabic manuscripts of Coptic provenance
in, 876, 1776-1783, 1862
Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib autographed work, 33
life of Paul of Tamma, 1925
National Library, Vienna, 1891
see also Papyrus collections
National Marcan Library, Venice, 1895
National Museum, Pisa, 1894
National Museum, Warsaw, 1091
Nation’s Party, 1748, 1987, 1988-1989, 1991, 1994, 1995
Nativity
and Advent, 63
depicted in Coptic art, 534-536, 535
Fast of the, 1095-1096
Feast of the, 1102-1103
festal day, 1111
Gabriel, Archangel, and, 1136
iconography in Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 559
Proclus homilies on, 2017, 2018
Natural disasters, 1633
Nature of Christ. See Christ, nature of; Christology
Nau, François-Nicolas, 1435, 1783
on Dayr al-Sultan, 872
and Graffin, René, 1165
Naucratis, 1783-1784
cult of Homeric gods, 1865
Greek colony at, 1166, 1174, 1179, 1180
Nave, 215, 552-553
Naville, A., 780
Nawaha. See Monasteries of the province of Daqahliyyah
Nawasa, 1648
Naway, 1654
Nawruz, 1784, 2198
Nazim, Mahmud Ramzi, 1466
Nazm al-Jawhar (Ibn al-Bitriq), 1266
Neale, John Mason, 1784
Neander, Johann August Wilhelm, 1784-1785
Nebuchadnezzar II, King of Assyria, 1618, 2060
Necklaces, 1606
Necropolis painting. See Funerary customs, murals, and portraiture
Nehemiah, and Old Testament, Arabic versions of the, 1832-1833
Nelson-Atkins Gallery of Art, Kansas City, Missouri, 1598
Neo-Arianism, 230
Neocaesarea, Council of (313-c. 321), 1785
on chorepiscopus, 521, 1785
Neoplatonism
Alexander of Lycopolis and, 87-88
Ammonius Saccas and, 470, 1981
anti-Manichaeism, 1521
apologia countering, 177
Asclepiades, 283
Chaldean Oracles and, 516
Egyptian pagan converts, 1868
gnosticism and, 1151
Heraiscus, 1221-1222
Horapollon, 1255-1256
Iamblichus and, 1265
and Julian the Apostate, 1380
Plotinus and, 1981-1982
Synetius and, 2192
Nepos, Bishop of Arsinoë, 845, 911
Nereids
depicted in Coptic art, 267, 1763-1764, 1763, 1764
depicted in tapestry, 274, 2227
Nero, Emperor Titus Claudius, 1785
as Antichrist, 143, 1785
intent to visit Egypt, 2062
patriarch under, 1913
Nerva, Emperor, patriarch under, 1913
Nestorianism
as Antichrist, 143
apologetic literature, 5
Armenian church rejection of, 234
Cosmas Indicopleustes and, 640-641
Eutyches and, 913, 1074-1075, 1786
John Sabas, 1369
Leo I the Great, opposition to, 1440, 1441
on nature of Christ, 547, 913, 1575, 1669, 1785-1786, 1787
and Obicini, Thomas, 1823
patriarch selection procedure and, 1999
and Severus of Antioch, 2124, 2125
Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, rejection of, 2267
Nestorians and Copts, 1785-1786
Ephesus, First Council of, 959-960
see also Nestorianism; Nestorius
Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 45, 127-128, 1671, 1674, 1786-1787
and Celestinus, 475
and Cyril I, Patriarch, 67 1-674, 1669
and Ephesus, First Council of, 959-960, 1786, 1787
and Eutyches, 1440-1441
and hypostatic union, 1262
influence on Ethiopian theology, 984
John of Antioch support for, 1354
places of exile, 858, 1786-1787
Proclus and, 2017, 2018
rejection of Theotokos, 2255
Shenute, Saint, and, 1787, 2131-2132
Theodoret and, 2236
Theodotus of Ancyra and, 2242
see also Nestorianism; Nestorians and Copts
Netherlands
Coptic collections in, 1711
papyrus collection in, 189S
Netherworld, 1499
see also Hades
Netra, Bishop of Pharan, 1952
Newark Museum. See Museums, Coptic collections in
Newlandsmith, Ernest, 1730, 1737, 1742, 1743
New Moon Feast, 1101
New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1529
Newspapers and periodicals. See Press, Coptic; Press, Egyptian;
specific titles
New Testament
abba (term) in, 3
Acts, Michigan papyrus of, 58
anathema in, 127
apologia in, 176
on apostolic succession, 181
Arabic translation, 1462
on baptism vs. circumcision, 1106
Bodmer papyri, 1885
candelabra representing, 1469
canon of, 2109-2110
canticles, 1729
Chester Beatty manuscripts, 518
Christology, 523-524, 545
Codex Alexandrinus, 566-567
commentary on, 926; see also Scholars; Theologians; specific
personal names and works
Didascalia use of, 899
Didymus on, 900
early Christian feasts, 1101
early versions of, 567, 568, 569-570, 572
Eusebius of Caesarea commentary, 1071
Fayyum Gospel fragment, 1100
Gabriel, Archangel, in, 1135, 1136
genuflection as practice in, 1139
Gospel casket, 1474
Hexapla and Tetrapla, 1227-1228
Ibrahim ibn ‘Awn explication for Jews, 1273
icons inspired by, 1276
illumination, Coptic, 1283
Joseph the Carpenter in, 1371-1372
lectionary, 1435
Lucian recension, 1484
Michael, Archangel in, 1616
in monastery libraries, 1448, 1449
on nature of Christ. See subhead Christology
Origen on. See Hexapla and Tertrapla; Origen, writings of
on pagan gods, 1867
papyrus collection, 1895
and Paraphrase of Shem, 1902
on Satan, 248
themes in Coptic poetry, 1985, 1986
Theodoret on, 2236
see also Gospel headings
New Testament, Coptic versions of the, 104, 1451, 1462, 1787-1789
New Wafd Party, 1991
New Year
in Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2174
and Holy Synod session, 2193
New Year’s Day, Coptic. See Nawruz
New York Historical Society, papyrus collection, 1895
Nicaea, Arabic Canons of, 1789-1790
Nicaea, Council of (325), 74, 81, 82, 93, 127, 142, 913, 1526, 1790-1792
Alexander I and, 83, 84-85
and Apostles’ Creed, 179
on archdeacon rank, 191
and Arianism controversy, 83, 230, 232, 589-590
and Athanasius I, 298, 590
background and description of, 83
and baptism, 337
and bishop elections, 394, 1934
bishop’s consecration and affirmation of, 396
and bishop’s translation, 398
and canons of Coptic law, 450
and Canons of Hippolytus, 458
on catechumens instruction, 474
Cathedral Church of the Jacobites (Alexandria) and, 93
Christology, 525, 547, 1669
on communion of the sick, 579-580
and Constantinople, First Council of, 594
on Coptic church organization, 2193-2194
Coptic text on, 1455
on deacons’ privileges and obligations, 886
and Easter date-setting, 81, 1104-1105, 1904-1905
on eparchy, 959
and Ephesus, First Council of, 959-960
Eusebius of Caesarea at, 1070-1071
five bishops named Hesychius at, 1226
Gregory the Illuminator and, 1183
Homoeans opposition, 1252
and homoousion controversy, 1253
and Indian missions, 1635
and Melitian schism, 1584, 1585
metropolitan designation, 1612
on nature of Christ. See subhead Christology
participants, 1089
patristic writings and, 1920
on Pope in Coptic church, 1998
and Zeno, Emperor, 2370
see also Nicene Creed
Nicaea, Second Council of (787), 1112
cult of images sanction at, 1275
Nicanor, first deacon, 885
Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, 1564
filioque added to, 1112-1116
Nicene Creed, 83-84, 179, 590, 913, 914, 960, 1551, 1638, 1671, 1676, 1792-1793
Abu al-Majd commentary on, 21-23
Arian dissent, 83, 1253-1254
Athanasius I and, 300-30 1
Constantinople, First Council, on, 593-595
and Constantinople, Third Council of, 596
filioque addition, 1112
homoousion in, 1253
on Incarnation, 1287
and Nicaea, Council of, 1791, 1792-1793
on subordinationism, 2156-2157
Nicephorus, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 1098
Nicetas (martyr), 1557, 1939
Niche, 215-216, 215
Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, 1557
Nicholas I, Pope (Rome), 1113
Nicholas V, Pope (Rome), 1119
Nicodemus, Abbot, 1119
Nicolaus of Antioch (first deacon), 885
Nicomedia, 906
Nicosia, Cyprus, 1647
“Night of the Bridegroom” (marriage custom), 1546
“Night of the Henna” (marriage custom), 1545
Nika Revolt (532), 2234
Nikiou, 1793-1794
Persian destruction of, 132
Nikolaus, Bishop, 1136
Nile deity, depiction in Coptic art, 1765-1765, 1764, 1765, 1795
Nile flooding
Michael the Archangel role, 1618
Nilometer, 1794
prayers for waters, 443-444
and Shamm al-Nasim, 2126
Nile River
and calendologia, 444-445
consecration of waters of, 1182
as Coptic art theme, 1765-1766, 1764, 1765
cult of, 1869
Epiphany link with Egyptian festivals of, 1103
and Feast of the Martyr, 1547-1548
Menarti island, 1587-1588
miracles associated with, 1950
Philae island, 1954-1956
travelers’ interest in, 2065
see also Monasteries of the Lower Sa‘id; Monasteries of the
Middle Sa‘id; Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id; Nile deity; Nile
flooding; Nile valley
Nile valley, agriculture in, 440-443
Nilometer, 1794, 1795
at Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha), 813
Nilopolis, as early bishopric, 1866
Nilotic scenes. See Mythological subjects in Coptic art
Nimbus, as symbol in Coptic art, 2171
Nine Saints (Ethiopia), 990-991, 1045-1047
Nineveh, Fast of. See Jonah, Fast of
Niqyus, 833, 850
Nisibis, monasticism in, 1664
Nitira. See Netra, Bishop of Pharon
Nitria, 1794-1796
Ammon at, 1445
Amun as first monk to settle in, 119
Armenian monks, 234
“Desert of Scetis” location, 2102
Dioscorus in, 915-916
and Kellia site location, 1397, 1401
as laura of hermitages, 1224-1225
Macarius Alexandrinus in, 1490
monasteries and monastic life, 113, 687, 1662
Palladius in, 1876, 1877
Pambo, Saint in, 113, 1877-1878
papyrus collection, 1893-1894
recluses in, 2055
Theophilus, Patriarch, and monks of, 916, 2247, 2249-2250
Nizam, al- (publication), 1990
Noah, 1542
Nob, Apa. See Anub, Saint
Nob, Apa (the Confessor), 1552, 1796, 1878
Noba, 1797
Nobatia, 905, 1797, 1800
and Banu al-Kanz, 336
and Dotawo, 923
and Faras, 1090
Ibn Salim on, 1587-1588
Julian the Evangelist missions, 1380
and Kush ancient traditions, 1420
language use, 1171
Longinus’s missions, 1479-1480
Monophysite missions, 1675
and Nubian evangelization, 1801- 1802
and Nubian languages and literature, 1815-1816
Qasr Ibrim royal residence, 2037
see also Nubia
Nobatia, eparch of, 1798
Jabal ‘Adda, 1315
Nob of Samannud, Apa, 1969
Noetus, 1638
Nofar, Anba, 129, 130
Nome capitals, Egyptian, 1175, 1177, 1179
Nomocanon (Gabriel II ibn Turayk), 1799
on Canons of Hippolytus, 458
on Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 459
Nomocanon (Michael of Damietta), 1625
on Canons of Gregory of Nyssa, 457
on Canons of Hippolytus, 458
on canons of Nicaea, 1789
on Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 459
on frequency of masses, 554
on Nomocanon of Gabriel II ibn Turayk, 1799
Nomocanon (Mikha’il I), 1624
Nomocanon (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal),
on Canons of Clement, 456 1780, 1783, 2075, 2076
on Canons of Hippolytus, 458
on Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 459
on Nomocanon of Gabriel II ibn Turayk, 1799
Nomocanons, Copto-Arabic, 1799
authorship, 1089
copied by Yuhanna al-Maqsi, 2358
copying of, 1270, 1271
Gabriel II, Patriarch, canons in, 458, 459, 1129, 1799
Nonnos, Bishop of Heliopolis, 1753
Nonnos of Panopolis, 914, 942, 1759, 1799
compendium of mythology, 1865
influence on Christodoros of Coptos, 544
influence on Pamprepios, 1879
Norea. See Thought of Norea
Normans, 1099
North Basilica of Abu Mina. See Abu Mina; Ampulla
North Church at Bawit, 365
Notation, musical
Coptic oral tradition, 1730
Greek, 1731-1732
Western, transcriptions of Coptic music in, 1742-1744
Novatianism, and Cyril I, Saint, 672, 912
Nub, Dayr Apa Anub, 770
Nub the Confessor, Apa, 333, 1504
Nubia, 38, 1800
archives, 227
Ayyubid invasion, 2037
and Ballana kingdom, 332
and Beja tribes, 373
Christian conversion. See Nubia, evangelization of
church as Coptic church ally, 688
conquest of Kush empire, 1420
Dongola, 921-922
Dotawo, 922-923
evangelization of, 333
fall to Banu al-Kanz, 1955
Faras, 1090
Fatimids relations, 1099
Greek language use in, 1171-1173
Griffith’s studies of, 1185
Ibn Hawqal on, 1266
Ibn Salim al-Aswani diplomatic mission to, 127 1-1272
and Isis cult, 1954
Island of Michael, 1588
Jabal ‘Adda fortress, 1315
Kha’il I and, 1411
pharaonic-style temples at, 1865
Qasr Ibrim settlement, 2036-2037
and Sai Island, 2080-2081
and Saladin, 1536
study of medieval archaeology and philology in, 1185
Tamit, 2200-2201
tombstone material, 1295
see also ‘Alwa; Makouria; Noba; Nobatia
Nubia, evangelization of, 1380, 1420, 1675, 1801-1802
Julian the Evangelist missions, 1380
Longinus’ missions, 1480
and Theodora, Empress, 2234
see also Nubian Christian survivals
Nubia, Islamization of, 1802-1804
Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804-1806
at Soba in ‘Alwa, 2142
Nubian ceramics, 1806-1807, 1807
Nubian Christian architecture, 1807-1810, 1808, 1809, 1810
and Byzantine cross-in-square building, 661
octagon-domed church in, 1823
and Tamit, 2200
Nubian Christian survivals, 1811
Nubian church art, 1811-1812
Faras murals, 1091
pictures of ecclesiastical and royal dress, 1820
see also Faras murals
Nubian church organization, 1813
Qasr Ibrim center, 2037
Nubian inscriptions, medieval, 1814-1815
Nubian languages and literature, 1185, 1815-1816, 1818
Nubian liturgy, 1816-1817
Nubian monasteries, 1817-1818
Nubians, 110, 1818-1819
see also ‘Alwa; Makouria; Noba; Nobatia
Nubian studies, 615, 616, 617
Nubian textiles, 1819-1820
Nu‘man ibn al-Mundhir, al(al-Mundaras), 688
Numbers, Coptic, 1820-1822
manuscript of comparative table of, 1821
Numenius, 1868
Numerian, 904
Numerianus, Emperor
patriarch under, 1914
persecutions of, 1552, 1556
Numerical system, Coptic, 1820-1822, 1821
see also Accounts and accounting, history of Coptic
Numidia, Donatism in, 920-921
Numitius (martyr), 1556
Nun, 1822
see also Women’s religious communities; specific convents
Nuqrashi, Mahmud Fahmi al-, 1992-1993
Nur, al- (publication), 2198
Nur al-Din, 1099
Nursing, 1581-1582
Nuwayri, al- (Island of Michael), 1588
Nyssa. See Gregory of Nyssa, Saint