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[Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372] F_______________________ Fabian, Pope, 889 Fabian Society, 2088 Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, 909, 911, 912 Fabrics. See Textiles, Coptic Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices (ARE-UNESCO), 1771-1773 Fadl ibn Abi al-Fada’il, 1463 Fa’iz, al-, Caliph, 1099 Fakhr al-Dawlah Abu al-Mufaddal ibn al-‘Assal, 1085, 1748 False doctrine. See Heresy Family law, Coptic, 1942 see also Personal status law Family life, Coptic, 1086-1088 see also Children; Marriage Family Life Education Program (FLEP), 1088 Famines, 693, 708, 750, 877, 1633 Fan, 1473-1474 Fanah, Saint, 698 see also Dayr Abu Fanah Fanus, Akhnukh, 1988, 1989 Fanus, Louis, 1627 Farabi, Al-, 6 Faraj, Ibrahim, 1991 Faraj Agha, 1636 Farajallah al-Akhmimi, 1089, 1780 Farama, al-(Pelusium), 1089-1090, 1650 on route of flight into Egypt, 1118 Faran. See Pharan Faras, 114, 1090-1091, 1675 and classic Christian Nubian pottery, 1806 as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813 evidence of Nubian liturgy at, 1816-1817 fresco of Onophrius, Saint, at, 1842 and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 as Nobatian capital, 1797, 1798 Nobatian royal headquarters at, 2037 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804 and Nubian Christian architecture, 1807-1809 and Nubian inscriptions, medieval, 1814-1815 and Nubian studies, 615 portraits of bishops, 402 Faras Cathedral, 1090, 1091-1092 Faras murals, 1091-1092, 1092, 1811-1812, 1819 and the eparchs of Nobatia, 1798 Farid, Muhammad, 1994 Fariskur, 1649 Farouk I, King, 1694, 1990, 1992 Farshut, 11, 12, 331, 1092-1093, 1656 Fast of the Apostles, 1093 Fast of Heraclius, 1093-1094 \ Fasting, 1093-1096, 1699 abstinence differentiated from, 17 communion and, 579 Didache on, 898 Didascalia on, 899 Eucharist, 1063 as funerary custom, 1125 Good Friday, 1152 and Holy Saturday, 1247-1248 and Holy Week, 1251 Lent, 1437 liturgical ritual books for, 1729 marriage ceremonies proscribed during periods of, 1545 monthly festal days and, 1111 and Paramone, 1901 Saturday, 2098, 2099 Sunday, 2159-2160 Fast of Jonah, 1094 Fast of the Nativity, 1095-1096 Fast of the Virgin Mary, 1096 Fath, Mahmud Abu, al-, 1990 Father of the Monks. See Antony of Egypt, Saint Father of Two Swords. See Mercurius of Caesarea Fatimid dynasty, 1097-1099, 1271, 1488, 1632-1633 Abu al-Fadl ‘Isa ibn Nasturus financial role, 18 coinage, 576 Coptic church under, 1574 Copto-Muslim art, 1311-1312 al-Hakim prohibitions and persecutions, 1201-1203 Islamization, 939, 940 Qus prosperity under, 2043 Faw al-Qibli (Faw of the South) See Pbow Fayyum (region) Abraam I, Bishop of, 10 Coptic glass excavations, 1143 cult of Homeric gods, 1865 funerary portraits, 2001 Greek settlements in, 1175 inscriptions found in, 1292 monasteries of, 1650-1651; see also specific monasteries monastery libraries, 1449 papyrus collections, 1389, 1891, 1895 stelae from, 2162 tombstone material and shapes in, 1295 Fayyum, city of, 1100 Fayyum Gospel Fragment, 1100 Fayyumic dialect New Testament in, 1788 see also Appendix Fayyumic Papyrus. See Hamburg Papyrus Fayyum paintings. See Portraits and funerary masks Feast, 1101-1109 monthly festal days, 1111-1112 Feast of the Angel, festal day, 1111 Feast of Blowing of the Trumpets, 1101 Feast of the Martyrs, 1547-1548 Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, awshiyahi during, 311 Feasts of the Cross, 1469 Feast of Shamm al-Nasim, 2126 Feasts, Latin, in the Coptic Catholic Church, 601 Feasts, major, 1101, 1102-1106, 1904 anaphora of Saint Gregory use, 124-125 Assumption of the Virgin Mary, 290, 1096, 2256 Epiphany liturgy, 967-968 liturgical ritual books, 1715-1716, 1729 pilgrimages linked with, 1968, 1970 Feasts, minor, 1101, 1106-1109 liturgical ritual books for, 1729 Feasts, movable, in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2190 Feasts of the Theotokos, 2256 Feast of the Tabernacles, 1101 Feast of the Virgin, 1111 Feast of Weeks, 1101 Febronia, Saint (martyr), 1109-1110, 1555 Federal Republic of Germany. See Germany Feet, washing of, 8-9, 1107-1108, 1252, 1426-1427 laqqan tank, 1426-1427 Maundy Thursday, 311 Felix III, Pope (Rome), 43, 1218 Felix, Saint, 1082, 1110, 1555, 2057, 2086, 2232, 2233 Felix of Aptunga, 920 Festal days, monthly, 1111-1112 Festival of Saint Michael, 1617, 1618 Festugière, A.-J., 1445 Feudal system, Coptic control of, 1535 Fibers used in Coptic textiles, 2211-2213 Figurines metal, 1607 terra-cotta, 500-503, 501-503 Fikri, ‘Abdallah, 1994 Filatis (martyr), 1555 Filioque, 1112-1116, 1119 in Coptic Catholic church, 601 and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1250 history of controversy, 1112-1114 theological background and interpretation, 1114-1116 Filta’us Malati, 1688 Filya (martyr), 688 Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1002-1003 The First Book of Jeu, 897 First Principles (Origen). See De principiis Fis, Saint, 716, 1116, 2083 Fish, as symbol in Coptic art, 2170-2171, 2171 Fishah, 1117 Flasks, 1602-1603 Flavian, Archbishop of Constantinople, 44, 893, 913, 1440, 1441, 1672, 1948 and Eutyches, 1074, 1670 and Evagrius Ponticus, 2249 and John Chrysostom, 893, 1357 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 Flavian of Ephesus, Bishop, 1117 Flavio, Biondo, 1119 Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus (prefect), 2009 Flavius Honorius, Emperor, 921 Flavius Philagrius (prefect), 2009 Flavius Strategius Apion, 155 Flight into Egypt, 1117-1118 and Armant, 233 and al-Ashmunayn, 233, 841 and Asyut, 927 and Bastah, 360-361 and Bilbeis, 391 and al-Burullus, 427 and al-Farama, 1089 Feast of the, 1107 and Harit Zuwaylah, 1207-1209 martyrdoms linked with, 1554 monastic sites associated with, 712, 716, 813, 818, 840, 841, 1653 and Nikiou, 1793 pilgrimage sites associated with, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1977 traditions about, 841-842 Flinders Petrie, W. M., 705, 1090 Florence, Copts at the Council of (1439-1443), 722, 1118-1119 on canon of New Testament, 2110 filioque debate, 1114, 1115-1116 and relations with Rome, 609 and Zar’a Ya‘qob of Ethiopia, 1052-1053 Florentinus, 1445 Florentius (patrician), 1074 Florianus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Florus (prefect), 2009 Flowers, woven textile, 2226 Flute, 1740, 1740 Flute of the Holy Spirit. See Jacob of Sartij Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1713 Fontaine, A. L., 1090 Food and diet abstinence, 17 Dayr Anba Bishoi refectory, 735-736 Dayr Epiphanius (Pachomian monks), 801-802 Epiphany feast, 1103 fasting prohibitions, 1093 funerary customs, 1125 Shamm al-Nasim feast day, 2126 see also Famines; Refectory Foot washing. See Ablution; Feet, washing of Formosus of Porto, Bishop, 1113 Formula of Satisfaction (Anastasius), 44, 1672 Fortescue, Adrian, 1120 Fortress of Babylon, 317-320, 318 and Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 607-608 Fortress of Candles. See Qasr al-Sham‘ Fortresses hisn, 1237 Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 Qal‘at al-Babayn, 2035 Qasr Ibrim, 2036-2037 Qasr Nisimah, 2038 Qasr al-Sham‘, 2038 Talmis, 2200 Umm Dabadib, 2291 Vsee also Castrum Fortress of Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1684 Forty-nine martyrs of Scetis, 12, 1120-1121 and Bilbeis, 391 buried at al-Batanun, 361 chapel at Dayr al-Suryan, 876, 880 church of (Harit al-Rum), 753, 2046 and John of Scetis, 1362 Fouad, King, 1694, 1990, 1992 Foucart, G., 924 Four Living Creatures in Coptic Art. See Christ, Triumph of Fourth Eclogue (Virgil), 1867 Fra Bartolomeo, 1532 Fraction, 1121, 1567 and Epiphany, liturgy of the, 967-968 and Lord’s Prayer, 1481 prayers, 17, 71 France archaeological activity, 1398-1400, 1402 archaeological activity in the Kellia, 1398 Archaeological and Anthropological Museum, 1187 Coptic churches in, 1623 Coptic collections, 1701, 1705-1707; see also Louvre Museum influence on Egyptian political parties, 1987-1988 Louvre Museum, 1481-1483 Mauritius, Saint, veneration, 1572 papyri collections, 1892 see also Coptological studies; French expedition in Egypt; Scholars Franciscan Center for Christian Oriental Studies, founding of, 1123 Franciscan Mission of Upper Egypt, 1123 Franciscans in Egypt, 1121-1123, 1699 Frankish kingdoms, 1112 Fraumünster, Zurich, 1082, 1110, 2057 Freer Collection, Washington, D.C., 843, 1136, 1895-1896 Free will, 1929 French expedition in Egypt, 1141, 1206, 1284, 1511-1512 and administrative organization of Egypt, 935, 1516 Coptic Legion, 1524; see also Coptic Legion Coptic officials, 1687-1688 influence on Egyptian political thought, 1993 Jirjis al-Jawhari and, 1332-1334 Kléber, Jean Baptiste, participation, 1416 Mark VIII patriarchy during, 1538- 1539 military leadership, 1417, 1591- 1592 and Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty, 1691-1692 Muhammad al-Muhdi support, 1696 scholarship and, 1526, 1977 Shukrallah Jirjis and, 2136 Yaqub, General, 2349-2352 French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, Cairo, 256 French language, Arabic-French dictionary, 1284, 1285 French Oriental Army, 1417 French School, Rome, 925 Frescobaldi, 1977 Frescoes. See Painting, Coptic mural Friars Minor of the Observance, 610 Friday. See Wednesday and Friday fast days Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 1893 Friends of the Bible, 1124 Friezes, 1873, 2341-2342, 2342 Frumentius. See Salama I Fugas, Bishop of Bontos (martyr), 1555 Fulvius Asticus, 906 Funeral masks, 2001 Funerary customs, 1124-1125 mourning, 1686 murals and portraiture, 1873, 2001-2003 objects, 263 rites, 425-426, 1128, 1901 stela, 2149-2152 see also Burial rites; Mourning in early Christian times; Mummification Furayj Ruways, hagiographical collection of, 1780 Fustat, Al- (Old Cairo) and Arab conquest of Egypt, 188 Coptic churches’ legal status in, 687 DayrAbu Sayfayn, 710-711 Dayr bi’l-Habash, 796 foundation of, 188 Harit al-Rum section, 1206-1207 Harit Zuwaylah section, 1207- 1209 and Islamization, 937 as site of Egyptian mint, 575-576 transfer of Egyptian capital to, 88-89, 91, 96 Fustat Expedition of the American Research Center in Egypt. See Ceramics of the late Coptic period Futuh Misr (‘Abd al-Hakam), on the Arab conquest of Egypt, 183- 189 Fuwwah, 1125-1126 G_______________________ Gabra Manfas Qeddus, Ethiopian saint, 1055 Gabra Masqal, Ethiopian saint, 1047-1048 Gabr’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1014-1015, 1054 Gabriel (monk-priest of Dayr al-‘Adhra’, Samalut), 716 Gabriel (qummus of Dayr al-Muharraq), 840 Gabriel, Archangel, 190, 1135-1137 and the Annunciation, 528-529, 1102, 1199, 2256 and the Assumption of Mary, 292, 293, 2256 churches dedicated to, 845, 860, 1137 festival of, 845-846 and Herpaese and Julianus, Saints, 1226 monasteries dedicated to, 814, 845, 1654 paintings of, 868, 869 and Theotokos, feasts of the, 2256 Gabriel, Bishop of Atfih (Aphroditopolis), 726 Gabriel I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325 Gabriel I, Saint and Patriarch, 1127, 2083 dates of patriarchy, 1916 as monk of Dayr Anba Antuniytis, 722 Gabriel II ibn Turayk, Patriarch, 881, 1127-1128, 1613, 2083 and Apostolic Canons, 453 and canons of Coptic law, 450 on Canons of Epiphanius, 457 and Canons of Hippolytus, 458 compilation of difnar by, 1728 condemnation of cheirotonia, 517 dates of patriarchy, 1917 on Dayr Anba Bula, 741 and Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980 and Holy Week scripture readings, 1251 imprisonment, 1129 and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 successor, 1615 Gabriel III, Patriarch dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Hasaballah, 1209 as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 Gabriel IV, Patriarch, 1129-1130 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1569 and Timotheus, 1845 Gabriel V, Patriarch, 392, 1130-1132 dates of patriarchy, 1918 as monk at Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 759 Gabriel VI, Patriarch, 1133 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1616 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, 1133-1134 dates of patriarchy, 1918 and Petros II, Ethiopian prelate, 1018 and restoration of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 720, 722 and restoration of Dayr Anba Bula, 742 and Roman Catholic embassy, 952 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 Gabriel VIII, Patriarch, 1135 consecrated at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550 and Coptic relations with Rome, 609-610, 797-798, 810, 1134 dates of patriarchy, 1918 as monk at Dayr Anba Bishoi, 735 and Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364 Gabriel al-Durunki (priest-monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus), 722 Gabriel ibn Katib al-Qudiyyah, Bishop of Asyut, 1131 Gaianites, 734, 790, 876, 1138, 2054, 2139, 2241 see also Gaianus; Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus Gaianus (rival patriarch of Alexandria), 1138, 2054, 2104, 2241 see also Gaianites Gaius, Emperor. See Caligula Galactotrophousa depicted in Coptic art, 531 see also Virgo lactans Galba, Emperor, patriarch under, 1913 Galerius, Emperor, 904, 906, 907, 1869 patriarch under, 1914 visit to Egypt, 2063, 2066 Gallery, 210 Gallielaion. See Oil of exorcism Gallienus, Emperor, 909, 910, 1869 patriarch under, 1914 tolerance of Christians, 1936 Gallus, Emperor, 909 and Julian the Apostate, 1380 patriarch under, 1914 vision of the Holy Cross, 1244 Galtier, Emile Joseph, 1138 Games, wooden, 2339, 2340 Gangra, Council of (circa 340), 1138, 1543 Garden of the Monks. See Apophthegmata patrum Garima, Ethiopian saint, 1046 Garments, sacred. See Liturgical vestments Gaselee, Stephen, 1138 Gaul, 252-253, 255, 1381 Gayet, Albert Jean Marie Philippe, 847, 1138-1139, 1481 Gebhard, Johannes, 1921 Gelasius, Bishop of Caesarea, 2069 Gelasius I, Patriarch of Constantinople, 43 Gelasius, Saint, 2083 Gemination, vocalic. See Appendix Genesis and Ecelesiastes (Didymus), 900 Geneva, University of, 1400 Gentilly, Synod of (767), 1112 Genuflection, 1139 Geographic Society, 1993 Geography, dialectal. See Appendix Geometric designs, in paintings at Bawit, 372 George (martyr). See Jirjis al-Muzahim George, Bishop of Pelusium, 1089 George, Saint, 230, 1139-1140, 1555, 2083 churches dedicated to, 686, 782, 784, 788, 820, 821, 1131, 1140, 1975 cycle of collected manuscript, 1782 and Horus myth, 248-249, 1762 iconography of, 248-250 monasteries dedicated to, 709, 824, 826, 830, 848, 850, 1658 in Nubian church art, 1812 pilgrimages linked with, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973 portraits of, 726, 727 relics of, 1131 George of Alexandria (martyr), 1555 George of Alexandria, Bishop, 1380, 1381 George the Ascetic (martyr), 1555 George of Cappadocia. See George, Saint George the Copt. See Jirjis al-Qibti George of Makouria, King, 1099, 1271 George of Scetis. See Abraham and George of Scetis, Saints Georgia, Russia, 2243-2244 Georgius (Arian bishop of Alexandria), 98, 101, 102, 1869 Geradamus, 1150 Gérdios (Coptic weaving term), 2221 Germanicus (Roman imperial prince), 2061-2062, 2066 German Institute, 842 German State Library, Berlin, 1893 Germanus, Bishop, 910 Germany Coptic churches in, 1623 Coptic collections in, 1701, 1703-1704 papyrus collection in, 1892- 1893 see also State Museum of Berlin Gerspach, Edouard, 257 Ghali (19th-century Coptic finance minister), 1141, 1334, 1636, 1692, 2059 Ghali, Boutros. See Boutros Ghali Ghali, Mint B., 1299 Gharbiyyah Province Dayr Mar Mina in, 833 Dayr al-Maymah in, 837-838 Dimayrah in, 902-903 Dinushar in, 903 monasteries in, 1651-1652 Ghillebert de Lannoy, 720, 722, 1977 Ghost trap, 1508 Ghubriyal. See Gabriel Ghubriyal, Kamil Ibrahim, 1743 Ghubriyal, Riyad, 1465, 1466 Ghuzz plunder of Damru, 689 plunder of Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj), 764 Giambattista, Eliano, Father, 1134 Gildo, Count, 921 Gilles de Loche, 1977 Ginusi (martyr), 1555 Girdle, 342, 1476-1477, 1535 Girgis, V. A., 2022 Girgis Mattha, 1141 Giuliano Cesarini, Cardinal, 1119 Giversen, 5., 1894 Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 Giyorgis II, Ethiopian prelate, 1008-1009 Giyorgis of Gasecha, Ethiopian Saint, 1051-1052 Giza, 1141-1142 Dayr al-Ahmar in, 716-7 17 Dayr al-Muharraqah in, 841-842 Dayr Nahya in, 843 Franciscan seminary in, 1123 see also Monasteries of the Lower Sa‘id Gjmoumi. See Ashmun Glass, Coptic, 1142-1147, 1143-1147 Islamic influence on, 1312 lamps, 1144-1145 inLouvre Museum, 1483 luster painting, 1146, 1311, 1312 preservation of, 280 religious uses, 1146-1147 restoration. See Art preservation tableware and storage vessels, 1143-1144 technique, 1142-1143 window and wall decorating, 1145-1146 see also Art, historiography of Coptic Glazing techniques, ceramic, 486-487, 510 Gloria in excelsis, 1147, 1732 Gnapheus (Coptic textile term), 2221 Gnômès, and the Arabic Canons of Nicaea, 1789-1790 Gnosis, 1147-1148, 1157, 1163, 1300, 1520 abraxas (word with numerical value), 14 apocryphons as source for understanding, 160, 172 in Jung Codex, 569 scholarship on, 2032, 2033 Gnostic Christians. See Gnosticism Gnosticism, 1148-1151, 1453 abstinence practice, 17 Allogenes text, 105 in the Apocalypse of Adam, 156-157, 166 in the Apocalypse of James, First, 157-158 in the Apocalypse of James, Second, 158-159 in the Apocalypse of Paul, 159-160 in the Apocalypse of Peter, 160-161 and the Apocryphon of James, 169 and Authentikos logos, 304 Basilides, 356-357 in Byzantine Alexandria, 101 on celibacy, 1543 Celsus on, 479 Cerinthus on Incarnation, 1288 Clement of Alexandria on, 103, 470, 562-563 in Concept of Our Great Power, 583 and Coptic literature, 1450-1451 Coptic translation of Plato’s Republic, 1958 and Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898 Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898 and docetism, 917 Egyptian influence on, 1150 and Eugnostos the Blessed, 1068-1069 and Exegesis on the soul, 1081 Gabriel, Archangel, in literature of, 1135 Gnosis concept, 1147-1148, 1157, 1163; see also Gnosis and Gospel of Mary, 1155 and Gospel of Philip, 1155-1156 and Gospel of Thomas, 1162, 1163 and Gospel of Truth, 1163-1164 Greek and Coptic-speaking adherents, 1177 Heracleon, 1219-1220 and Homoeans and homoiousion term, 1252, 1253 and Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261 and Hypsiphrone, 1262 and Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 and Letter of Peter to Philip, 1446 link with monasticism, 1229, 1661 and liturgical music, 1732, 1735 magical spells, 1503 Marsanes, prophet, 1547 Melchizedek and, 1583-1584 in Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771-1773; see also Nag Hammadi Library On the Origin of the World scripture, 1842-1844 papyri in Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 608 and Paraphrase of Shem, 1901- 1902 Plotinus refutation of, 1982 and Second Treatise of the Great Seth, 2117-2118 Sethian, 1154, 1222, 2117-2118, 2259-2260 seven “magic vowels”, 1732, 1735 and the Sophia of Jesus Christ, 1068-1069 and Testimony of Truth, 2209-2210 and Thought of Norea, 2257 and Three Stelae of Seth, 2259-2260 and Thunder, Perfect Mind, 2260 and Treatise on the Resurrection, 2275 and Trimorphic Protennoia, 2276-2277 and Tripartite Tractate, 2277 and Valentinian Exposition, 2295-2296 and Valentinus, 157-158, 2296-2297 and Zostrianus, 2371-2372 see also Apocalypse headings; Manichaeism Gobidlaha, Dado, and Caxo, Saints, 1151-1152, 1555 Goblets, 1601-1603 God-bearer. See Theotokos Goethe, Johann, 1149 Gold dinars, 574, 575-576, 709 Goldsmiths, 1595, 1604 Gondophernes, King of Malabar, 1635 Good Friday, 1104, 1152-1153, 1252, 1904 candles, 446 and Holy Saturday, 1247-1249 lectern placement, 1435 music, 1720, 1721, 1729 Good news. See Gospel headings Gordian. See Epimachus and Gordian (martyrs) Gordianus III, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Gorst, Sir Aldon, 1466, 1627 Gospel. See Egerton Gospel; Evangeliary; Evangelist; Gospels; specific names Gospel book, 1474 Gospel casket, 1153, 1474 Gospel of the Egyptians, 1153-1154 and Gospel of Thomas, 1163 and Zostrianus, 2372 Gospel of the Hebrews, 1163, 1619 Gospel of Mary, 897, 1155 Gospel of Philip, 897, 1155-1157, 1164 and Authentikos logos, 309 and Valentinian Exposition, 2296 Gospels Arabic translations, 282, 1464 in Bohairic dialect, 2138 Gospel of Saint John, 1078, 1148 on Last Supper, 1060-1061 on the nature of Christ, 524 parchment manuscript, 1885 Gospel of Saint Luke, 1078, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1163, 2195 commentary on, 1456 Lord’s Prayer, 1480 parchment manuscript, 1885 Gospel of Saint Mark, 1078, 1157-1162, 1529, 1530-1531, 1532, 1910, 2195 commentary on, 1456 parchment manuscript, 1885 see also Secret Gospel of Saint Mark Gospel of Saint Matthew, 1078, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1163, 1544, 1881, 2195 on events of Holy Saturday, 1247 linked with Ebionites, 930 Lord’s Prayer, 1480 reading for altar consecration, 108 Gospels, synoptic, 1157, 2195 see also Gospel of Saint Luke; Gospel of Saint Matthew; Gospel of Saint Mark Gospel of Thomas, 897-898, 1162-1163, 1981, 2032 on Ebionites, 929-930 and Gospel of Mary, 1155 and Gospel of Philip, 1156 Gospel of Truth, 569, 1151, 1163-1164 in Jung Codex, 569 and Valentinus, 2297 Gothic War, 2020 Goths, conversion of, 2285 Goutinos (monk), 317 Government Egyptian provincial reforms, 2007-2009, 2022-2023 Murqus Simaykah service, 1700 pagarch system, 1871-1872 patriarchal selection approval, 1911 political parties, 1986-1996 political party leadership, 1747-1748 Rizq Agha service, 2059 Roman emperors in Egypt, 2061-2063 Roman intervention in, 2064 see also Mamluks and Copts; Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty; Political thought in modern Egypt; Roman Empire; Taxation; specific personal names, titles, and related subjects Graeco-Roman. See Greco-Roman headings Graf, Georg, 1165, 1735, 2019 Graf, Theodor, 1389 Graffin, René, 1165 Graffiti, 1165 at al-Dayr, 695 at Dayr al-Bahri, 780, 781 at Kellia, 2129 medical, 1888 Nubian, 1172 at Shams al-Din, 2126-2127 at al-Shaykh Hasan, 2129 at al-Shaykh Sa‘id, 2130 see also Inscriptions Grammars, Coptic, 34, 1266, 1268, 1302, 2148 Granite, Coptic sculpture in, 2113 Grapow, Hermann, 1165 Gratian, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Graves. See Burial rites and practices; Cemeteries; Mummification; Stela; Tombs Gravestones. See Stela; Tombs Graziani, Rodolfo, 1041, 1042 Great Britain Anglican Church in Egypt, 133 Coptic art influence in, 252 Coptic churches in, 1623-1624 Coptic collections in, 1707-1710 Coptic influences in the British Isles, 416-419 Coptic Street (London), 611-612 and Egyptian political relations, 1989- 1991 English saints, 418-419 occupation of Egypt, 1627-1628, 1637, 1693-1694, 1748 papyrus collections in, 1893-1894 see also names of specific .institutions and museums Great Doxology, 923 Great Intercessions, in Mass of the Catechumens, 1564 Great Lent, 1102, 1437 see also Lent Great Persecution (303-312), 88, 906-907, 919, 921 see also Diocletian, Emperor; Diocletian Era Great Power. See Concept of Our Great Power Great Synagogue (Tamuh), 717 Greco-Roman influence on Coptic art and architecture, 261-269, 262, 263, 264, 265 Greco-Roman Museum, Alexandria, 74, 75, 1891 Greece Coptic collections in, 1710 monasticism in, 1663 Greek accounting practices. See Accounts and accounting, history of Coptic Greek Church of Saint George, 320 Greek correspondence, 968-969 Greek culture. See Hellenism Greek deities, 1865 see also specific names Greek fathers (patristics), 1920, 1921, 1982 Greek language, 1165-1169, 1175, 1176, 1178 accounting, 53 acrostics, 1986 in Alexandria, 97 Apostles’ Creed in, 178 archives, 526 Bible manuscripts. See Bible manuscripts, Greek and Coptic legal sources, 1438 and Coptic literature, 1450-1451, 1453-1455, 1456 and Coptic music, 1731-1732 Didache manuscript, 898-899 Egyptian papyri, 1889 Egypt in late antiquity, 946 foreign influences on, 1169 Hesychius of Alexandria dictionary, 1227 influence on Demotic and Coptic languages, 1169 inscriptions in, 327-328, 1171, 1290, 1291, 1292 Isidorus of Pelusium’s letters, 1309 legends of martyrs in, 1550 Life of Paul of Thebes in, 1926 Liturgy of Saint Mark, 1539-1540 Lives of Pachomius, Saint, 1860-1861, 1862, 1863 medieval Nubian clergy use of, 1813, 1816, 1817 Mysteries of Greek Letters treatise, 1749-1750 Nonnos of Panopolis epics, 1799 papyri, 1166, 1890-1896, 1898, 1900 Physiologos, 1965-1966 post-Arab conquest use in Egypt, 189 Procopius’ works in, 2020 Psalis in, 1727 Pseudo-Macarius homilies, 2027, 2028 spread and changes in Egypt, 1165-1167 see also Alphabet, Greek; Toponymy, Coptic Greek language in Christian Nubia, 1171-1173 Greek Monastery. See Dayr al-Rumi; Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Greeks in Egypt, 1174-1178 impact on Alexandria, 97-98, 99, 100 Melchites and Copts, 1583 numerals in Coptic system, 1820-1822 philosophy, 1958 see also Hellenism Greek towns in Egypt, 413, 1179-1181 Greek transcriptions. See Appendix Green, M., 1895 Gregorian calendar. See Calendar, Gregorian Gregorios, Bishop of al-Qays, 709 Gregory, Saint. See Liturgy of Saint Gregory Gregory I (Gregory the Great), Pope (Rome), 71, 921, 1339, 1921 Gregory II, Patriarch, 1182, 2047 Gregory of Damietta, Metropolitan, 1613-1614 Gregory of Dumyat, Bishop, 926 Gregory the Illuminator, Saint and Patriarch of Armenia, 1183, 1555 Gregory of Kois, Bishop, 2092-2093 Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint, 114, 1183-1184, 1308, 1309, 1619, 1921, 2083 anaphora, 71, 124-125, 1066, 1733 on angels, 132 on Athanasius I, 298 on communicatio idiomatum, 578 consecration and translation of, 398-399 and Constantinople, First Council of, 594, 2263 and Didymus the Blind, 900 on Easter designation, 1104 encomia, 1196 and Evagrius Ponticus, 1076 on filioque, 1115 and Julian the Apostate, 1380 on Kyrie eleison, 1420 on meaning of candles, 446 and Origen, 471, 1854, 1855 patristic writings, 1921 Rufinus translations of, 2068 Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 114, 1183, 1184-1185, 2083 and the Anomoeans, 142 on celibacy, 476 collected homilies of, 1778 on communicatio idiomatum, 578 and eschatology, 973 on eucharistic divine transformation, 1058, 1059 and filioque justification, 1115 on immersion, 1286 Isidorus of Pelusium correspondence with, 1308 on orientation toward the East during prayers, 1846 patristic writings, 1921 philosophical writings, 1958 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 see also Canons of Gregory of Nyssa Gregory al-Sinawiti (the Sinaite). See Gregory II, Patriarch Gregory Thaumaturgus, 1577 Gregory Theodorus, 1848 Gregory the Theologian. See Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, 110, 1091, 1185 and Girgis Mattha, 1141 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804 on Nubian languages and literature, 1815 and Nubian mural art in churches, 1811 Griffith Institute, Oxford University, 895 Groff, William N., 1185 Grohmann, Adolf, 1185-1186, 1389 Grossmünster, Zurich, Switzerland, 1082, 1083, 1110, 2057 Guardian angel, 1186 Abbaton, 2 Gubba, Ethiopian saint, 1046 Guidi, Ignazio, 1186-1187 Guild. See Confraternity Guillaumont, Antoine, 694, 1397, 1398 Guimet, Emile Etienne, 1187, 1481 Guimet Museum, Lyons, France, 1482 H_______________________ Haase, Felix, 1189 Hawawish, al-, monasteries near, 713 Habachi, Banub, 1541 Habakkuk, 1618 Habashi, Saba, 1993 Habib Jirjis, 933, 1189, 1464, 2354 Habu, pharaonic temple of, 196 Haddad, Nicola, 1996 Hades, 1189-1190, 1900 and Holy Saturday, 1247 see also Judgment, Last Hadra of Aswan, Saint, 130, 745, 1190, 2083 see also Dayr Anba Hadra Hadra of Benhadab, Saint, 1190-1191, 1922, 2083 Hadrian, Emperor Antinoopolis founding by, 142, 1170, 1181 martyrdom of daughter, 1552 patriarch under, 1913, 1914 temples, 863 visit to Egypt, 2062, 2065, 2066 Hadrian I, Pope (Rome), 1112 Haffaz, 696 Hafiz, al-, Caliph, 1097-1098, 1099, 1128-1129 Hafn, 1528 Hafs ibn al-Walid al-Hadrami, Caliph, 1410 Hage (village), 771 Hagiographa, in Jewish canon, 2109 Hagiography, Coptic, 1191-1197, 1921 on anachoresis, 120 on Cycle of Diocletian martyrs, 153 National Library (Paris) manuscripts, 1777-1782 Synaxarion as primary source of, 2174 see also Cycle Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 235, 1041, 1042, 1197-1199, 1628, 1909, 2363 and conference of Oriental Orthodox churches, 1845-1846 and Cyril II, Patriarch, 6744 Hail Mary, 1199 Hajar Danfiq, Dayr al-Salib, 859 Hajir Idfu, 1200, 1200 see also Dayr al-Malak Makha’il (Idfu) Hakim Bi-Amr-Illah Abu ‘Ali Mansur, al-, 94, 843, 854, 1104, 1200-1203, 1517, 1524, 1525, 1776 and Abu al-‘Ala’ Fahd ibn Ibrahim, 17-18 and Abu al-Fadl ‘Isa ibn Nasturus, 18-19 and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 and Epiphany tanks, 968 Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas and, 1306 and Pbow basilica destruction, 1927, 1929 persecutions under, 1097, 1201, 2313-2314 Zacharias, Patriarch, 2367 Hakim, Tawfiq al-, 1995 Halkin, F., 1445 Hall, Henry Reginald Holland, 780, 1203, 1585 Hall, Stuart G., 1585 Hallelujah. See Alleluia Halo. See Nimbus Hamai of Kahyor, Saint (martyr), 1203-1204, 1555 Hamal. See Eucharistic bread Hamburg Papyrus, 380-381, 1204-1205, 1893 Hamidat, Al-, 1205 Hammam (Bedouin), 1538 Hammam (village), 806 Hamzah, ‘Abd al-Qadir, 1990 Handbags, 645 Hand cymbals. See Cymbals Hands, laying-on of. See Laying-on of hands Hands, washing of, 8-9, 1469 Hanna, Murqus, 1466 Hanna Herkel. See Haragli, Jean Hanna Salib Sa‘d, 1206, 1591 Haragli, Jean, 1206 Hardy, Edward R., 1206 Harit al-Rum (Old Cairo), 1206-1207, 1647, 2046 church restoration, 2315 convents, 2325 icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 293-294 patriarchal residence, 1348, 1913, 2000 Harit Zuwaylah (Old Cairo), 23, 1207-1209, 1647, 1963 and al-‘Adhra’ church, 322-323 church blessing, 404 church closures and burial prohibitions, 1128 church of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1594 convents, 2325 and flight into Egypt, 1118 icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 294 patriarchal seat and residence, 1133, 1344, 1348, 1913 Harmina, Saint, 808, 1209, 1255, 2084 Harmonics (Claudius Ptolemy), 1731 Harnack, Adolf von, 1452, 1921 Haroeris (pagan deity), 1418 Harp, 1734, 1738, 1740 Harp of the Believing Faith. See Jacob of Saruj Harraniyyah, tapestry workshops at, 2051 Harun, Apa, monastery of, 1652 Harwaj (martyr), 1555 Hasaballahb, Bishop of Shansha, 1209-1210 Hasab-Allah al-Bayadi, Mu‘allim, 722 Hasan (son of al-Hafiz), 1129 Hasan ‘Abd al-Raziq Pasha, 1987 Hasan al-‘Attar, Shaykh, 1654, 1994 Hasina. See Menas and Hasina (martyrs) Hassan ibn Thabit, 1528 Hathor (pagan deity), 816, 817, 853, 1740, 1874 Isis fusion with, 1752 temple at Dandarah, 690, 691 Hatshepsut (pagan deity), 1874 temple excavations, 227 temple of, 779, 780, 781, 786 Hatur (third month of Coptic calendar), 438, 440, 2176-2177 Hauser, Walter, 1210 Hawashi al-Safawiyyah (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal), 2076 Hawtharah, Caliph, 1411 Hawwarah, 1210-1211, 1210 Hawwariyyah, 718, 1211-1212, 1211 basilica of, 213 Hay, R., 780 Haykal. See Altar; Sanctuary Haykal, Muhammad Husayn, 1995 Haykal al-taqdimah. See Prothesis Headdress, Coptic women, 641-642 Healings in Coptic literature, 1212-1214 by laying-on of hands, 1433 see also Unction of the sick, Holy Sacrament of the Heaven, 1214 see also Paradise Heavenly Hymn, 1565 Hebbelynck, Adolphe, 1215, 1749, 1895 Hebrews. See Jews and Judaism; Old Testament Hebrews in the Furnace, in Coptic art, 388-390 Hefele, Karl Joseph, 1215 Hegel, George, 1149 Hegumenos, 1215-1216 and appointment of Theophilos I, Archbishop, 2247 archimandrite differentiation, 192, 193 in ecclesiastical hierarchy,1229, 2015 Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 and John V, Patriarch, 1340 al-Makin Jirjis, 1513 Makramallah, 1515 provost and, 2024 of Scetis, 2103 Yacobos II, Archbishop, 2349 Yusab II, Patriarch, 2363 see also Proestos Hegumenos, ordination of a, 1216 Heinkel, Dettlof, 720 Helena, Saint and Empress (mother of Constantine), 660, 1243, 1377, 1378, 1971, 1972 Helias. See Elias Helias, Bishop (martyr), 1555 Heliogabalus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Hell in Coptic theology, 974 see also Hades Hellenism Alexander Romance, 2059 Alexandria as center of, 91, 95-96, 100, 2065 and Arianism, 231 decline in Egypt, 946 and development of Alexandrian theology, 103-104, 1866 Judaism and, 1957 see also Greek headings Helwan. See Hilwan Henein Makarious. See Makaryus Hunayn Hengstenberg, Wilhelm, 1217 Henoch, 1867 Henoticon (Instrument of Unity), 1217-1218, 2370 Acacian Schism and, 43, 44, 45, 47, 55, 1671, 1672 Acephaloi opposition to, 55 Armenian church acceptance, 234 and Eutyches anathematization, 1075 John I and, 1337 Mark II and, 1534 Peter III Mongus and, 1948 Philoxenus of Mabbug and, 1962 Severus of Antioch on, 2124 and Timothy Salofaciolus, 2269 Henry I of Germany, 1572 Henry II of Germany, 1113 Henschenius, G., 56 Hephaestus (pagan deity), 1768 Heraclas, Saint and Patriarch, 1219, 2084 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 472 and conversion of Dionysius the Great, 909 dates of patriarchy, 1914 as Demetrius I successor, 893 and Origen, 1847 Heracleas and Philemon (martyrs), 1555 Heracleon, 356-357, 1151, 1219-1220 Heracleopolis Magna. See Ahnas Heracleopolis Parva, 1648 Heracles, 73 Heraclides, Saint (martyr), 1220-1221, 1555 Heraclius (general), 1938, 1940 Heraclius, Emperor acceptance of Monenergist creed, 1676 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 184 Chalcedon dogma, 837 ecthesis formula, 682, 931, 1666, 1678 fast of, 1093-1094, 1095 and liberation of the cross, 660, 1243 patriarch under, 1915 Herai, Saint, 1221 see also Ter and Erai, Saints Herais (martyr), 892 Heraiscus, 283, 1221-1222, 1868 Herakleides of Tamiathis/Dumyat, Bishop, 925 Herakleopolis. See Ahnas Hercules depicted in Coptic art, 1761, 1762 see also Amazons Herculia (Egyptian province), 905 Heresiologists, 1921 Heresy, 1222 Agnoetae, 70-71 anointing of heretics, 138-139 Apollinarianism, 173-174 Bukhisha sect on passion of Jesus, 94-95 Damian countermeasures, 688, 689 Didascalia on, 899 Dionysius the Great on, 911 docetism, 917 in Dumyat, 925 Ethiopian, 984-987, 1012-1013, 1052-1053 Eutychianism, 1075 evaluation of Arius’ beliefs, 232 on immersion and baptism, 1286 on Incarnation, 1288 Jerome, Saint, efforts against, 1323 Leo I the Great and, 1440-1442 Manichaeism, 1519-1522 Maximus, patriarch, and, 1585 Monarchianism, 1637-1638 Pelagianism, 1929-1930 in Pentapolis, 1934 Sabellianism, 911, 2072 Subordinationism, 1484 see also Arianism; Ethiopian heresies and theological controversies Hermas, 1223 and Acts of Peter and Twelve Apostles, 62-63 as apostolic father, 180 on guardian angels, 1186 on immersion and baptism, 1186 patristic writings, 1920 Hermeneutics, canonical, 2110 Hermes Trismegistus-Thoth, 284, 917, 1150, 1223-1224, 1617, 1867, 1868 Hermetic texts. See Aselepius 21-29; Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth; The Prayer of Thanksgiving Hermitage, 1224-1225 Eastern desert, 1649-1650 Gharbiyyah Province, 1652 of Isna, 1660 Jabal Tafnis, 1316-13 17 Kellia grouping, 1398-1400 Kom Namrud, 1418 Hermitage Museum. See State Hermitage Museum, Leningrad Hermitages, Theban, 1225, 1656 Hermit dress. See Costume of the religious Hermits Abraham and George of Scetis, Saints, 12-13 Abraham of Minuf, Saint, 13 Agathon, Saint, 3 Ammonius of Tunah, 114 anachoresis, 118-120 and anchorite monasticism, 129-130, 1662 al-‘Araj tombs, 189-190 Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240-241 at burning bush site, 1682 cells and chambers, 1403 Daniel, 691-692 and Dayr Abu Daraj, 1649, 697 and Dayr Abu Fanah, 698 and Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701, 703 and Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 728, 1649 and Dayr Anba Bula, 1649 and Dayr Anba Maqar, 749, 754 and Dayr al-Bakhit, 786 and Dayr Epiphanius, 800, 801, 802 and Dayr al-Jabrawi, 811 and Dayr Mar Mina (Gharbiyyah), 833 and Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 826 and Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 850 and Dayr Rifah, 855-856 and Dayr al-Sanad, as center for, 860 and Dayr al-Saqiyah as center for, 861 and Dayr Yuhannis, 883 Didymus the Blind, 900 and early British Christian converts, 417-418 income-producing work, 802 Isaiah of Scetis, 1305-1306 Ishaq, 772 and Jabal al-Silsilah region, 1656-1657 in Jabal Tafnis region, 314, 1316-1317 John Sabas, 1369 and Kharjah (great oasis), 1658 laura, 1428 lodgings, 477-478; see also Caves; Cell; Hermitage; Laura Macarius the Egyptian, 1491 at Meir, 1582-1583 monks as, 1667 Moses, 691-692 Murqus al-Antuni, 1699 Nubian, 1818 Palaemon, Saint, 1876 Palamon, 1876 Paphnutius, Saint, 1882-1883 Patasius, 1908 Paul of Tamma, Saint, 1923-1925 Paul of Thebes, 1925-1926 Phis, 1963 in Qalamun, 758 at quarries of Shaykh Hasan, 1654 Qurnat Mar‘i, 2040-2041 Rufinus history of Coptic, 2068 seven ascetics of Tunah, 2122 in Suhaj area, 76 1-762 Timotheus, Saint, 2262-2263 women as, 1663 see also Anchorite; Caves; Cell; Reclusion Hermolaus, 1882 Hermonthis. See Armant Hermopolis Magna. See Ashmunayn, al- Hermopolis Mikra (the Lower). See Damanhur Hermopolis Parva. See Damanhur Herod, King, 533, 1117, 1395 Herodotus, 1165, 1166, 1174, 1686 Herpaese and Julianus, Saints, 1225-1226 Hesychia, 1662 Hesychian Bible, 1226 Hesychius (monk of Saint Sabas), 2046 Hesychius, Bishop, 1226 and Egyptian Bible text, 382, 1226 Hesychius of Alexandria, 1226-1227 Heuser, Gustav, 1227, 2022 Hexameron (Pseudo-Epiphanius of Cyprus), collection of, 1782 Hexapla and Tetrapla (Origen), 1227-1228, 1848, 1852, 1853 Hibat-Allah ‘Abd-Allah ibn Sa‘id al-Dawlah al-Qibti, 1228 Hibat-Allah ibn ‘Assal, Al-. See Awlad al-‘Assal Hickmann, Hans, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1739, 1740, 1741-1742, 1743 Hides and skins preservation of, 280 see also Leatherwork, Coptic Hieracas of Leontopolis, 1228-1229 and authorship of Testimony of Truth, 2210 possible Coptic texts of, 1451 Hierakion, camp of. See Dayr al-Jabrawi Hierarchy, church, 1229-1230, 2015-2016 see also specific titles Hieroglyphs Coptic language used to decipher, 614 see also Rosetta Stone High Council. See Consultative Council Higher Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, 1993 Higher Institute of Coptic Studies (Cairo), 563, 933, 1230, 1629-1630, 2091 and the Clerical College, 564 music department, 1737 and Yassa ‘Abd al-Masih, 2353 Hijab. See Iconostasis Hijabs (amulets), Nubian, 1814 Hijazah Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Qus) near, 711, 1657 pilgrimages to, 1972 Hilaria (martyr), 1552, 1555 Hilaria, Saint, 749, 1230-1231, 2084 Hilarion (eunuch). See Hilaria, Saint Hilarion, Saint (fourth-century monk), 1232, 1664, 2084 Hilarius, Pope, 1441 Hilary, Bishop of Arles, 1440, 1921 Hilwan, 708, 1232-1235, 1233, 1234, 1303 Hinnis, Abu. See Dayr Abu Hinnis Hintze, F., 1893 Hippolytus (Roman presbyter), 1235-1236, 1637 on baptism, 182 on Nativity, 1102 and Origen, 470-471 patristic writings, 1921 see also Apostolic Tradition; Canons of Hippolytus Hippolytus (Sethian), 1902 Hisab-dobia. See Accounts and accounting; Bookkeeping Hisbah, 1236-1237 Hishah, Caliph, 87 Hisn, 1237 Historia Augusta, 1961 Historia ecelesiastica (Eusebius), 8, 84, 911, 1070-1071, 1323, 1455, 1530, 1920 Sozomen continuation of, 2145 Theodoret continuation of, 2236 see also Eusebius of Caesarea Historia ecciesiastica (Rufinus translation), 2068 Historia lausiaca (Palladius), 3, 88, 894, 1238, 1876, 1877, 1878 on Antinoopolis, 144 on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 on monasteries for women, 1663 on Paul the Simple, 1923 Historia monachorum in Aegypto, 330, 894, 1237-1238 on Ammonas, Saint, 113 on Ammonius, 114 on anchorites at Achoris, 2261 and Bawit and, 362 on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 hegumenos title in, 1215 and Isaac, Disciple of Apollo, 1304 on John of Lycopolis, 809, 1238, 1363, 1364 on Macarius Alexandrinus, 1490 on Paphnutius, 1884 on Paul the Simple, 1923 on proliferation of monks, 1662 Rufinus and, 2069 Historians Abrim al-Qibti, Anba, 14 Abu al-Fakhr al-Masihi, 19 Abu al-Makarim, 23 Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib, 33 Chronicon orientale, 548 Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071 History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241 Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id, 1265-1266 Isidhurus, 1307 Josephus Flavius, 1375-1376 al-Makin, ibn al-‘Amid, 1513 Manassa Yuhanna, 1518 al-Maqrizi, Taqiy al-Din, 1525 Mawhub ibn Mansur ibn Mufarrij al-Iskandarani, 1573-1574 Mikha’il Sharubim, 1630, 1631 Neale, John Mason, 1784-1785 Neander, Johann August Wilhelm, 1784-1785 Olympiodorus of Thebes, 1840 Palladius, 1876-1877 papyrology, 1888-1889 Philostorgius, 1958-1959 Procopius, 2019-2020 Puech, Henri-Charles, 2032-2033 Remondon, Roger, 2057 Rufinus, 2068-2069 Socrates, 2142 Sozomen, 2145 al-Suqa‘i Fadl Allah ibn Fakhr, 2160 Theodoret, 2236 theological literature, 1920-1921 Ya‘qub Nakhlah Rufaylah, 2353 Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364-2365 Historiography. See Art, historiography of Coptic History of Churches and Monasteries. See Abu al-Makarim History of the Church (Sozomen), 666, 1455, 2145 History of the Coptic Nation, 1466 History of the Coptic Patriarchs. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria History of the Holy Eastern Church (Neale), 1784 History of Joseph the Carpenter, 1136, 1372-1373 Coptic version, 1372-1373 The History of the Copts under the Domination of the Turk and Abyssinian Emperors (Yusuf Abu Daqn), 2364 History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241, 2101 on Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, 10, 11 on Anastasius, 125, 126 on Andronicus, 131 on Asyut, 296-297 on Athanasius II, 302 on Athanasius III, 303 authorship, 1239-1241, 1460, 1461, 1573-1574 and Bagham Ibn Baqurah al-Sawwaf, 329 and Barbish, 349 and Bashmur, 349 and Benjamin II, 377-378 on bishops from al-Farama, 1089 on Bucalis, 134 and Burah, 425 and Bush, 427 on censer and incense use, 1471 and churches at Babylon, 323 on the Crusades, 664-665 on Damallu, 686 Damian discourse on the Logos in, 689 Damru mention, 689, 690 on Dan’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1002 Daqahlah mention, 693 on Dayr Anba Shinudah, 762, 764 on Dayr Apa Anub, 770 on Dayr al-‘Asal, 782 on Dayr al-Fakhuri, 802 on Dayr Mart Maryam, 835 on Dayr al-Muharraq, 840 on Dayr Nahya, 843 on Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 on Demetrius I, 892 and Dionysius the Great, 909, 911 on Dioscorus I, 915 on Enaton monasteries, 956 on Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint, 965-966 on Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1002-1003 on flight into Egypt, 842 on Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 on Giyorgis II, Ethiopian prelate, 1008-1009 on Hilwan, 1232 on icons, 1278 on Idku, 1280 on Isaac the Deacon, 1304 on John I, 1337 on John III, 808 on John IV, 1338 on John V, 1340 on John IX, 1344 on John X, 1344 on John XI, 1344 on John XII, 1346 on John XIV, 1347 on John XVII, 1349 on John XVIII, 1350 on John of Nikiou, Bishop, 1366-1367 on Julian the Apostate, 1382 on the Kellia, 1397-1398 on Macarius II, 1487, 1488 on Marwan II, 695-696 on Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006-1007 on Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007- 1008 on miracles, 707 on monasteries, 698 in National Library (Paris), 1781 on Origen, 1851 on patrology, 1921 on persecutions under Mamluks, 1343 on Peter VII, 1950 and Qurrah, 358-359 on relics of John the Baptist, 1355 on Sawiros, Ethiopian prelate, 1005-1006 on Scetis monasteries, 782 on Tall Atrib, 2200 on Tamnuh, 2201 and Tanbida, 2201 on Theodorus, Patriarch, 2237 on Theophanes, Patriarch, 2247 on Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001 and Yuhanna, 2356 History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria Hiw, 1242-1243 Dayr Mar Mina, 833-834 and toponymy, Coptic, 2272 Hizb al-Ahrar al-Dusturiyyin. See Liberal Constitutional Party Hizb al-Dimuqrati al-Misri, al. See Egyptian Democratic Party Hizb al-Hay’ah al-Sa‘Diyyah. See Sa‘dist Party Hizb al-Islah ‘Ala al-Mabadi’ al-Dustruriyyah. See Reform Party on Constitutional Principles Hizb al-Ittihad. See Union Party Hizb al-Misri, al-. See Egyptian Party Hizb al-Sha‘b. See People’s Party Hizb al-Ummah. See Nation’s party Hizb al-Watani. See Nationalist Party Hiziqyal. See Ezekiel (Hiziqyal) (monk) The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. See Gospel of the Egyptians The Holy City, on Dayr al-Sultan, 872 Holy Communion. See Communion; Eucharist Holy Cross Day, 1243-1244 Holy Ghost. See Holy Spirit Holy Horseman, as Christian subject in Coptic art, 538 Holy Land custody of, 1122 pilgrims’ assistance agency, 2049 Saladin’s reconquest of, 1536 see also Crusades, Copts and the: Jerusalem, Coptic See of; Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine; Palestine Holy Land, Coptic churches in the, 1244-1247 see also Jerusalem, Coptic See of Holy Light. See Apparition of the Holy Light Holy Matrimony. See Marriage Holy Mother. See Theotokos; Virgin Mary; Virgin Mary, Apparition of the Holy Myron. See Chrism Holy Oil. See Chrism Holy Roman Emperors, 1572 Holy Saturday, 1247-1249 Holy Sepulcher and Coptic Good Friday celebration, 1153 reopened for pilgrimages (1426), 1130 Holy Spirit, 1437, 1446, 2028 Arianism on, 230 confirmation to receive, 585-586 descent on the disciples, 1105-1106, 1529 epiclesis, 964, 1566-1567 filioque controversy, 1112-1116 gnosticism on, 2256 and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433 theological homilies on, 1183, 1184 Holy Spirit, Coptic doctrine of the, 1249-1250 Holy Synod. See Synod, Holy Holy Thursday. See Maundy Thursday Holy Trinity. See Trinitarianism; Trinity Holy Week, 1095, 1102, 1103-1104, 1251-1252, 1904 fasting, 1152 footwashing, 1107-1108, 1426-1427 and genuflection, 1139 Kiss of Peace prohibition during, 1416 lectern placement, 1435 lectionary for, 1437 Lord’s Prayer during, 1481 music for, 1715, 1721 patriarchal residence, 1912 use of ambo during, 111 see also Easter; Good Friday; Holy Saturday; Maundy Thursday; Palm Sunday; Resurrection Homer, 1889 Homiletic cycles, 666-668 Homilies of Amphilochius of Iconium, 115-116 of Andrew of Crete, 130-131 of Demetrius of Antioch, 894 on flight into Egypt, 669-670 Gnostic Christian, 898 of Gregory of Nazianzus, 1183, 1184 Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 of Jacob of Saruj, 1319, 1781, 1738 of John Chrysostom, 352, 1135, 1778, 1779, 2053, 2054 manuscripts in National Library, Paris, 1778 of Origen, 1847, 1852-1853 of Peter I, 1945-1946 of Proclus, 1356, 1454, 2017-2018 Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria, 681, 2025-2026 Pseudo-Macarius, 2027-2028 al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal works on, 276 on Saint Luke’s Gospel (Origen), 1847 of Severian of Jabalah, 2122-2123 of Theophilus, Patriarch, 2252 see also Cycle; Encomia; Literature, Coptic; Manuscripts Homoeans, 1252-1253, 2119 Homoiousion, 84, 127, 141, 1253, 1677, 2096 adopted by semi-Arians, 2119 Homoousion, 84, 127, 141, 1070, 1253-1254, 1575, 1677 Athanasius I and, 298 and Constantine I and, 590 Marcellus support, 1526 Nicaea, Council of, on, 590, 1791 in Nicene Creed, 1792, 1793 Origen on, 1849 Honorius, Emperor, 789-790, 891 Honorius I, Pope (Rome), 1666, 1667, 1679 Hopfner, T., 1891 Hop of Tukh, Apa and Saint, 1254, 2084 Hor, 1254 Hor, Apa (martyr), 722, 1553, 1555, 1974, 1975 Hor, Apa and Saint, 1255, 2084 Hor of Abrahat, Saint, 771, 1255, 1963, 2084 Horapollon, 1255-1256 and Asclepiades, 283 and Chairemon of Alexandria, 512 and Hellenization, 1168 Heraiscus relationship, 1221-1222 Horizontal loom, 2215 Hormisdas, Pope (Rome), and Acacian schism, 45, 46, 47, 1383 Homer, George W., 1257 Horologion. See Canonical hours, Book of Horseman depicted in Coptic embroidery, 2223 depicted on ornamental comb, 2337 Parthian, depiction in Coptic art, 538, 1259 terra-cotta, 503 woodwork, 2340 Horseshoe arch, 211 Horsiesios, Saint, 32, 1257, 1448, 1664, 1861, 1862, 1864, 2084 Coptic texts of, 1451-1452 as desert father, 894 and Pachomius, 1257, 2240 papyrus collection of letters, 1894 and Pbow, 1927 and Petronius, 1952, 2240 and Pisentius of Hermonthis, 1978 and Theodorus of Alexandria as interpreter, 2238 and Theodorus of Tabennese, 2240 Horus (pagan deity), 134, 243, 244, 281, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1590, 1752 depicted in Coptic art, 1259, 1761-1762 and iconography of George, Saint, 248-249 iconography of, 248-249, 249 linked with Damanhur (town), 686 temples built to, 262 Hosanna, 1258 Hosius, Bishop of Cordova, 83, 84 Hos (song of praise), 63, 1725-1726, 1725, 1727, 1729, 1732, 2255, 2321 Hulwan, 1653 Humbert of Silva Candida, 1113 Hunayn, Ibrahim, 1466 Hunayn ibn Ishaq, 1922 Hungary, Coptic collections, 1710 Hunting in Coptic art, 1258-1259 Huntington, Robert, 791, 1260, 1977 Husayn, Taha, 1995, 1996 Husein Kamil, Sultan, 1694 Hussein, King of Jordan, 873, 874 Hydraulis (water organ), 1740 Hymn of Golgotha, 1152 “The Hymn of the Angels” (Great Doxology), 923 Hymns Arian, 1733 canonical hours, 1724 cantors and, 137-138 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909, 1910 Difnar, 1728 doxologies, 923, 1727-1728 influences on Coptic, 1731-1732 instruments accompanying, 1739 lobsh, 1479 Mass of the Faithful, 1565-1566 Psalis, 1726, 1727, 1728 Psalmodia, 448, 1725, 2024 Theotokion, 1724, 1726, 1727, 2254-2255 Trisagion, 2278 the Twelve Virtues, 2310 unpublished manuscripts, 1986 Waham, 2323 Hymns, authors of. See Music, Coptic Hymn of the Savior (Clement of Alexandria), 1732 Hypatia (philosopher), 100, 1308, 1870, 2192 Hypostasis, 1106, 1260, 1575 and hypostatic union, 1262 and Incarnation, 1287 Nicene Creed definition of, 300 Origen on, 1848 Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261 and On the Origin of the World, 1842- 1844 Hypostatic union, 1262 Hypotyposeis (Theognostus), 911 Hypsiphrone, 1262 Hyvernat, Henri Eugène Xavier Louis, 1263, 1448 I_______________________ IAC. See International Association for Coptic Studies Iamblichus, 1265 Iao Sabaoth Adonial Elio, 1503 Ibas (Antiochene teologians), 1672 Ibas of Edessa, 515 Ibn Abi Usaybi‘ah, 1525 Ibn Abu al-Fada’il ibn Farij, 710 Ibn al-‘Amid. See Makin, ibn al ‘Amid al- Ibn al-‘Assal. See Safi ibn al-‘Assal, al- Ibn al-Batriq, ‘Isa. See Ibn al-Bitriq, ‘Isa Ibn al-Batriq, Sa‘id. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id Ibn al-Bishr al-Katib. See Mufaddal ibn Majid ibn al-Bishr, al- Ibn al-Bitriq, ‘Isa, 1265, 1266 Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id (Eutychius), 1265-1266, 1460 and Book of Epact, 410 on Church of Saint Michael, 1617 and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595 on Nubian evangelization, 1801-1802 on patriarchal election, 1911 on patriarchal seat, 1912 Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘ and, 2101 Ibn al-Dahiri, Bishop of Damietta, 1266 Ibn al-Habhab, Viceroy, 87 Ibn al-Hamid, 711 Ibn Hawqal, 1266, 1271 on ‘Alwa, 110 and Babij, 317 and Bashmur, 349 and Beja tribes, 373 on medieval Nubia, 1804 Ibn al-‘Ibri. See Bar Hebraeus Ibn Kabar, 20, 21, 1267-1268, 1272, 1273 on Agathon of Homs, 67-68 and Barlam and Yuwasaf, 346 and Butrus Sawirus al-Jamil, 431 on canon law, 450 on Canons of Epiphanius, 456-457 on Canons of Hippolytus, 458 on Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 460 on the Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 on Dayr Mar Jirjis, 831 on Dayr Shahran, 862 on feasts of the Virgin Mary, 2256 on Gregory of Nyssa, 457 on ingredients of holy chrism, 521-522 and Jirjis ibn al-Qass Abi al-Mufaddal, 1332 and mysticism, 908-909 on Pseudo-Macarius homilies, 2028 and tafsir, 2198 works of, 1463-1464 on Yuhanna ibn Sawirus, 2357 and Yusab, Bishop (thirteenth century), 2359 See also Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar) Ibn Katib Qaysar, 1266, 1268 commentary on Revelation in Paris, 1777 Ibn Khalduin, on Makouria, 1514-1515 Ibn Laqlaq. See Cyril III ibn Laqlaq Ibn Mammati, works by, 1461- 1461 Ibn Mammati dynasty, 1268-1269 Ibn Nafra, Bishop, consecrated at Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 Ibn Nuh. See ‘Abd al-Masih, known as Ibn Nuh Ibn Qanna (monk), 1097 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, 1269-1270 Ibn al-Rahib, 1513 Ibn Raja’, 1959-1960 Ibn Sabba’, collected encyclopedias of, 1779 Ibn al-Sa’igh (“son of the goldsmith”), 1270-1271 Ibn Salim al-Aswani, 344, 1266, 1271-1272 on ‘Alwa, 110 and Batn al-Hajar, 361-362 and Beja tribes, 373 on Greek language use by Nubian clergy, 1813 and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 on Makouria, 921-922, 1514 on medieval Nubia, 1804 on Menarti, 1587-1588 on Nobatia, 1798 on Nubian languages and literature, 1815 on Soba, 2141 Ibn Siba‘, Yuhanna ibn Abi Zakariyya, 1272, 1464 Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, 1269 Ibn Tulun, Ahmad, Caliph, 1412-1413, 2280-2281 Ibn Tulun, Khumarawayh, 1413 Ibrahim (son of Prophet Muhammad), 1528 Ibrahim, Jindi, 1465, 2010 Ibrahim Bey, 1274, 1411, 1688 Ibrahim ibn ‘Awn, the Nestorian, 1273, 1779 Ibrahim ibn ‘Isa, 1273 Ibrahim ibn Sim‘an, 1515 Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273 Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1274, 1313, 1688 building start, 1538-1539 and Dayr Anba Antuniyus renovation, 720 and Dayr Anba Maqar reconstruction, 753, 1121 and Harit Zuwaylah chapel, 1208 and Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1332 and the Mamluks, 1857 Ibrahim al-Kurdi, 1536 Ibrahim al-Nasikh (icon painter), 1278, 1279 Ibrahim Pasha, 1141, 1248, 1950 Ibrahim al-Suryani (alias Abram), 1134 Ibrahim al-Tukhi. See John XVI Ibrim. See Qasr Ibrim Ibscher, Hugo, 1274-1275 Ibtu, 1275 Ibyar, 833 Iconoclasm, 1275-1276, 1277 Astasi al-Rumi icon production during controversy, 293 Cyril IV, Patriarch, and, 1278 role of Ethiopia, 984-985 Iconography of Astasi al-Rumi (Eustathius the Greek), 293-294 and dating of artifacts, 694 figurines, 500-502 and hunting theme in Coptic art, 1259 of Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1532 metalwork, 1606-1607 of resist-dyed textiles, 2227-2230, 2228-2230 under Mark III patriarchy, 1536 of woven textiles, 2221-2227, 2222-2227 see also Art and architecture, Coptic; Biblical subjects in Coptic art; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Christ, Triumph of; Icons; Mythological subjects in Coptic art; Symbols in Coptic art Iconography, Greco-Roman. See Art survivals from ancient Egypt Iconostasis, 211-212 at Bawit, 364-366 and candelabrum, 1469 of Church of Saints Sergius and Wachas (Alexandria), 94 Icons, Coptic, 1276-1279, 1277-1279 at Bawit, 368-371 at Dayr Anba Bula, 743-744 and Good Friday service, 1152 Iconoclastic controversy, 1275-1276 of Menas, Saint, 1588-1589 of Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint, 1593-1594 of Virgin Mary, 2309 see also Figurines Ideler, Julius Ludwig, 1280 Idfa, 762, 1280 Idfu monasteries near, 825, 1657 monastery libraries, 1449 Panine and Paneu martyrdom near, 1880 pharaonic-style temples at, 196, 1865 tombstone material, 1295 Idiolect. See Appendix Idiophones, 1739-1740, 1739, 1740 Idku, 1280-1281 Ignatius of Antioch, Saint and Bishop, 1281-1282, 1555, 1980 as apostolic father, 180 on Communicatio idiomatum, 578 on consubstantiation, 597 on the Eucharist, 1057 on feasts, 1101 on Incarnation, 1287 on the offertory, 1824 and origin of antiphonal chanting, 148 patristic writings, 1920 and Polycarp, 1997 on priesthood, 2016 Ignatius IX, Patriarch of the Syrians, 1131 Ihnasiyyah al-Madinah. See Ahnas Ikhnaway al-Zallaqah, 1652 Ikhshids. See Tulunids and Ikhshids, Copts under the Iliad (Homer), 1889 Illness. See Communion of the sick; Healings in Coptic literature; Medicine; Unction of the sick Illumination, Coptic, 267-268, 277-278, 1282-1284, 1282-1284 Abu al-Muna manuscripts, 29 Adoration of the Magi depiction, 527 baptism of Jesus depiction, 530 influence on Irish manuscripts, 252-253 see also Christian subjects in Coptic art Ilyas Buqtur, 1284-1285 Images, religious. See Icons, Coptic; Iconoclasm Imhotep (pagan deity), 1874 Immaculate Conception, 1285 Immersion, 1285-1286 Imperial cult. See Persecutions Imperial Library of Vienna (Austria), 2049 ‘Inan, Muhammad ‘Abdallah, 1996 ‘Inani, ‘Ali al-, 1996 Incarnation, 6, 1287-1290 Damian on, 689 and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136 Origen on, 1849-1850 Proclus homily on, 2017 al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal on, 2077, 2078 Incense, 1290, 1469-1472, 2013 censers, 1599, 1599-1601, 1600 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909 and Holy Saturday, 1249 and Lord’s Prayer, 1481 music for offerings of, 1715-1729, 1739 for spells, 1500, 1504, 1507 Incense box, 1474 Incident of the Churches. See Waq‘at al-Kana’is India, Coptic missionaries in, 892, 1635-1636, 1881 Infant baptism. See Baptism Inheritance. See Wills and inheritance In Honor of Longinus (Basil of Oxyrhynchus), 360 In Isaiam I (Demetrius of Antioch), 894 Innocent I, Pope (Rome), 1930, 2247 Innocent III, Pope (Rome), 1635 Innocentius of Maronia, 1674 Insanity. See Madness Inscriptions, 257, 1290-1296 at al-Bagawat, 328-329 on Gospel caskets, 1153 gravestone formulas, 1294-1295 in Greek language, 1171, 1290 icon, 1279 of the Kellia, 1407-1408 Nubian medieval, 1814-1815 of Roman visitors to Egypt, 2066 at al-Shaykh Hasan, 2129 see also Graffiti Installatio of the Archangel Gabriel, 1136 Installatio Michaelis Archangeli, 1136 Institut catholique, 925 Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, Claremont, California, and the Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771 Institute of Christian Oriental Research, Washington, D.C., 1896 Institute of Coptic Studies, at Anba Ruways Monastery, 129 Institute for Papyrology, Heidelberg, Germany, 1893 Institute of Religious and Ecclesiastical Art, Utrecht, 1620 Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire, 843, 924, 927, 1398, 1419, 1452, 1516, 1561 Coptic-language printing press, 1302 papyrus collection, 1892 Sauneron, Serge, 2100 Instruments, liturgical, 1595-1596 Instruments, medical, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1605 Instruments, musical, 1604-1605, 1605, 1733, 1734, 1738-1739 Intaglios, 1509 Intercession for the dormant, 889 icon formula of, 1279 tubh for litany of, 2279 and use of candles, 446 Interdict, 1299, 1931 ancient correspondence on, 401 and audientia episcopalis, 308 Interlacing motifs (art), 251-253 International Association for Coptic Studies (IAC), 1299-1300, 1890 International Congresses of Coptic Studies, 1300-1301 Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 Intersected cross, 252 Invocation of the Holy Spirit. See Epiclesis Ioulei, Apa, 824 loule and Pteleme (martyrs), 1555 lovia (Egyptian province), 905 Iqamat al-Hujjah al-Bahirah ‘ala Hadm Kana’is Misr wa-al- Qahirah (“Presentation of the Clear Proof for the Necessary Destruction of the Churches of Old and New Cairo”), 687 ‘Iqd al-Madhbah. See Architectural elements of churches Iqladiyus Labib, 1302 and printing of Bohairic-Coptic Bible, 564 Ira’i. See Ter and Erai, Saints Iraq, Coptic churches in, 1621 Ireland art, Coptic influence on, 251-254, 418-419 Coptic influence in, 416-419 Coptic monks in, 253-254 Irish harp, 1734, 1740 monasticism, 253, 417-418 papyrus collection, 1894 saints, 418 Irenaeus, 917, 2157 on the Carpocratian sect, 460-461 on genuflection, 1139 on the Gospels, 1158, 1159, 1164 on Nativity, 1102 patristic writings, 1921 on Polycarp, 1997 Irenaeus of Scetis, Saint, 2084 Irene. See Eirene (martyr) Irene, Empress, 1275 Irish art, 251-254, 418-419 Irish harp, 1734, 1740 Irrigation aqueducts, Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 709 ‘Iryan Jirjis Muftah, 1302-1303, 1737, 1962 Isaac (hermit), 772 Isaac (Old Testament) depiction in Coptic art, 382-383, 726, 727, 778-779, 793 Isaac, Coptic Testament of. See Coptic Testament of Isaac Isaac, disciple of Apollo, 1304 Isaac, Patriarch, 12, 427, 1303, 2084 Coptic texts on, 1456 dates of patriarchy, 1915 and Dayr Matra, 837 disciples of, 13 and Hilwan, 1233 and John of Nikiou, 1366 Isaac, Saint (Kellia), 1304, 1397, 2084 Isaac of al-Aqlali. See Isaac, Saint (Kellia) Isaac the Deacon, 1304 Isaac al-Difrawi (martyr), 806 Isaac of Hurin, Saint, 1972, 2084 Isaac of Panopolis (painter), 804 Isaac the Presbyter, Saint, 2084 Isaac of al-Qalali. See Isaac, Saint Isaac of Qalamun, 1304, 1455 Isaac of Scetis, Saint, 2084 Isaac of Shamma (martyr), 1555 Isaac of Tiphre, Saint, 1304-1305, 1555 Isaiah, 22 Ascension of, 166 Isaiah the Hermit. See Isaiah of Scetis, Saint Isaiah of Scetis, Saint (Isaiah the Hermit), 795, 1304, 1305-1306, 2084 Isaiah the Solitary. See Isaiah of Scetis, Saint ‘Isa ibn Nasturus, 1097 ‘Isa ibn Zur‘ah, collected works of, 1779 Ischurion (soldier-martyr), 1964 Ischyras, Bishop, 1527 Ishaq, Adib, 1994, 1995 Ishaq, Apa. See Isaac (hermit) Ishaq al-Hurini, Saint. See Isaac of Hurin, Saint Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas, 1306 as grandson of Nastas ibn Jurayj, 1775-1776 wine prescription, 1524-1525 Ishaq al-Mu’taman ibn al-‘Assal, on Coptic liturgical music, 1735 Ishkirun, Saint, relic of, 758-759 Ishnin al-Nasara, 1653, 1972 Ishshid Muhammad ibn Tughj, and Epiphany celebration, 1103 Isidhurus, Bishop and Abbot, 1307 Isidhurus (monk), 1120 Isidore of Takinash, 1089 Isidorus, Saint (Isidore of Antioch), 1307, 1555 Isidorus and Bandilaus (martyrs), 1555 Isidorus the Confessor, 686, 817 Isidorus of Hermopolis, Saint, 2084 Isidorus of Pelusium, Saint, 1089, 1308-1310, 2084 and archimandrite title, 193 on Isidorus of Scetis, Saint, 1310 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2249-2250 Isidorus of Scetis, Saint, 114, 1310, 1427, 2084 Isidorus of Takinash (martyr), 1555 Isis (pagan deity), 134, 243, 244, 281, 863, 1292, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1752, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1870, 1874 Abusir Bana and, 36 cult and temple at Philae, 265, 1954 destruction of shrine to, 1608, 1609 iconography of, 259, 531 Nubian worship of, 1801 nursing Horus. See Isis lactans Isis lactans, 243, 244, 281, 531 Iskandar, Najib, 1993 Iskandariyyah, al-, 90, 92 Iskarus, Tawfiq, 1466 Iskhiron, Saint, 1972 Iskhirun, Abu, 735 Islam Abraam I, Saint, relations with, 10 Ahl al-Dhimmah designation, 72-73 bans on Coptic pilgrimages, 1538 Christian apologetic literature in reaction to, 5 and Christian encounters under Mamluks, 2317 consort of Prophet Muhammad, 1528 Copt conversions under Kha’il I, 1411 Coptic conversions during Peter V patriarchy, 1949 Coptic conversions under Umayyad administration, 2288-2289 Coptic historical work, 1525 and Coptic monuments, 693-694 and Coptic press, 2010-2012 and Egyptian nationalist movement, 1987-1988, 1989 and Egyptian national unity, 950-951 and Egyptian religious reform movement, 1995-1996 and Epiphany celebration, 1103 Ethiopian prelate conversion to, 1028-1030 expansion in Egypt, 936-941 Fatimid-Coptic relations, 1097- 1099 French relationships, 1417, 1591 hisbah concept, 1236-1237 influences on Coptic art, 1310-1312 Jirji al-Sim‘ani debate with, 1331-1332 and jizyah tax, 1336 and kharaj tax, 1413-1414 law commentary, 1269-1270 martyrs recanting from, 1570 Nubian conversion to, 1802-1804 opposition to images of living things, 1276 and pagarch office, 1871 persecution of Copts (thirteenth-century), 1267, 1268, 1343 persecution of Copts (fourteenth-century), 750, 1343-1344, 1949, 2313-2316 persecution of Copts (15th-century), 1129, 1130 and personal status laws, 1941-1943 Qus settlements, 2044 scholarship, 687, 1695-1696 societal influence on Coptic family, 1087 Waq‘at al-Kana’is (Incident of the Churches), 2313-2316 Waq‘at al-Nasara (Christian encounter), 2316-2319 see also Pan-Islamism; Umayyads, Copts under the Islamic Benevolent Society, 1993 Islamic influences on Coptic art, 1310-1312 Islamic law, 951, 1269-1270 Islam and the Principles of Government (al-Raziq), 1996 Island of Michael, 1588 Island of Philae. See Philae Isma‘il, Khedive, 1637, 1693 see also Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty Isma‘iliyyah Coptic Catholic church, 1123 Franciscan church, 1123 Isna, 1312 ceramics of, 480, 487, 489 church dedicated to Gabriel, Archangel, 1137 hermit cells at, 477 inscriptions found at, 764, 1291, 1293 martyrs at, 866, 868, 870 monasteries near, 772, 856, 866-870, 1656, 1657 monastic paintings at, 1660 mural paintings at, 1872, 1873 pharaonic-style temples at, 1865 pilgrimages to, 1972 stelae from, 2149, 2151 tombstone material and shape, 1295 Israel, State of Coptic collections, 1710 and status of Dayr al-Sultan, 874 see also Holy land; Jerusalem, Coptic See of Issac of Nineveh, collected works of, 1778, 1779 Istifham Ba‘d al-Istibham, al-, 1312- 1313 Italy Coptic collections, 1710-1711 intervention in Ethiopia, 1041-1044, 1198 papyrus collections, 1894-1895 see also Rome Itfih, 1313 mosque-building, 685 prosopography of, 2022 Ivory and bone carving, Coptic, 405-407, 406, 407 Iyyasus Mo’a, Ethiopian saint, 1048-1049 ‘Izbat al-Aqbat, 808 ‘Izbat Dayr al-Hadid, 805 ‘Izbawiyyah, pilgrimages to, 1972 J_______________________ Jabal Abu Dukhkhan, 1650 Jabal Abu Fudah, 717, 834, 853 Jabal ‘Adda, 1315, 2037 Dotawo documents, 922-923 Nobatian eparchal residence at, 1798 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1805 Jabal al-Ahmar, al-, 2000 Jabal Bishwaw. See Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah) Jabal Jarad, 1659 Jabal al-Kaff. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut) Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1315-1316 Jabal Musa. See Mount Sinai Jabal Qattar, 1650 Jabal Qusqam. See Pilgrimages Jabal al-Silsilah, 1316, 1656-1657 Jabal Tafnis, hermitages of, 314, 1316- 1317 Jabal al-Tarif (Nag Hammadi), 1317, 1657, 1771 Jabal al-Tayr (Khargah), 1317, 1658 Astasi al-Rumi icons at, 293-294 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ near, 715, 715 pilgrimages to, 1969 Jabal al-Tayr (Samalut). See Pilgrimages Jablonski, Paul Ernst, 1318, 1424, 2107 Jacob (Old Testament), 845, 1137, 1186, 1618 see also Testament of Jacob Jacob, Saint and Patriarch, 1318, 2084 dates of patriarchy, 1916 and Simon II, 2139 Yuhanna as biographer, 2356 Jacob, Bishop of Memphis, 1587 Jacob Baradaeus, 1318-1319 consecration by Theodosius I, 1675, 2241 and Damian, 589, 688 death site, 1650 and monophysitism in Syrian and Mesopotamian chuches, 1675, 1676 and Paul the Black, 1923 and Theodora, Empress, 1319, 1386, 1675, 2235 Jacobites conflict with Melchites in Alexandria, 93-94 al-Istifham ba‘d al-Istibham addressed to, 1312 see also Jacob Baradaeus; Monophysitism; Syrian Orthodox church Jacob of Saruj, 1319-1320, 1727, 1781, 1783 Jacob the Sawn. See James Intercisus Jacob the Soldier. See James of Amadjudj (martyr) Jadal bayn al-Mukhalif-waal-Nasrani, al- (Eutychius), 1460 Jaffa. See Holy Land Jahshiyari, Abu ‘Abd Allah, al-, 1320 Jakob, Apa (Dayr Apa Phoibammon), 780-781 Jama. See Memnonia Jamal al-Din (Mamluk amir), 1570 James, Apostle and Saint Apocryphon of, 169-170, 569 apostolic see, 181 and Gloria in excelsis, 1147 and the Transfiguration, 1108-1109 see also Apocalypse of James, First and Second James, Saint (James the Ascetic), 1320-1321, 2084 James of Amadjudj (martyr), 1555 James of Antioch, Saint, 2084 James Bar ‘Adai. See Jacob Baradaeus James Intercisus, Saint (martyr), 324, 1321, 1556 James (Jacob) and John (martyrs), 1555 James the Persian. See James Intercisus, Saint (martyr) James of Saruj. See Jacob of Saruj James of Scetis, Saint, 1321-1322, 2084 Jam‘iyyah Asdiqa‘ al-Kitab al-Muqaddas. See Friends of the Bible, Society of the Jam‘iyyah al-Islah al-Qibti. See Coptic Reform Society Jam‘iyyah al-Khayriyyah (Coptic Benevolent Society), 374, 1693 Jam‘iyyat Asdiqa’ al-Kitab al-Muqaddas, 374-375 Jam‘iyyat al-Ikhlas, 375 Jam‘iyyat al-Nash’ah al-Qibtiyyah, 374 Jam‘iyyat Thamarat al-Tawfiq, 375 Jamma, al-. See Madinat Habu; Memnonia Jamoul (martyr), 1556 Jamu. See Memnonia Japan, Coptic collections in, 1711 Jared, Ethiopian saint, 1047 Jaridah, al- (publication), 1994 Jarnus, al-, 1653 Jars and jugs ceramic, 490-492 metalwork, 1602-1603 water, 2320 Jason (mythological subject), depicted in Coptic art, 1762-1763 Jawhar, General, 1097, 1099, 1271 Jawharah al-Nafisah fi ‘Ulum al-Kanisah, al- (Ibn Siba‘), 1272, 1464 Jawhar al-Siqili (the Sicilian), 1632, 1913 Jawish, Shaykh ‘Abd al-Aziz, 1465, 1988-1989 Jawli, al-. See Dayr al-Jawli Jawsaq. See Keep Jawziyyah School (Damascus), 1269 Jazirat al-Dayr (Island of the Monastery). See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Jeme. See Madinat Habu; Memnonia Jerasimus, Saint (martyr), 1552, 1559 Jeremiah, Apocryphon of, 170-171 Jeremiah, Saint, 22, 166, 1254, 1322-1323, 2084 depicted in Coptic art, 270, 532-533 see also Dayr Apa Jeremiah; Paralipomena Jeremiou Jericho. See Holy Land Jernstedt, Peter Viktorovich, 1323, 1895 Jerome, Saint, 1323, 1921, 2084 on candle use in churches, 445 on celibacy, 476 Dayr Anba Bula founded in memory, 741, 742 and Didymus the Blind, 900 and Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071 and Hilarion, Saint, 1232, 1664 and Horsiesios, Saint, 1257 on John the Baptist burial site, 1355 on Kyrie eleison, 1420 on Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608 on multiple marriages, 1545 and Origen, 47 1-472 and Pamphilus, Saint, 1879 on Paul of Thebes, 1925-1926 on priesthood, 2016 Rufinus Apology and, 2068-2069 Rule of Pachomius translation by, 1662, 1663, 1861-1862, 1863 on Saturday fast, 2098 theological literary history by, 1920 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2250, 2252 Jersey City, New Jersey, 1621 Jerusalem, Coptic See of, 180, 1324-1329, 1613, 1614 and Acacian schism, 45 apostolic succession, 181 barring of Coptic pilgrimages to, 1615 Coptic collections, 1710 Coptic Good Friday celebration, 1153 Dayr al-Sultan, 872-874 founding of monasteries in, 1663 keep construction, 1395 library, 1447 Saladin’s reconquest of, 1536 Sophia, Saint, tradition of, 2143- 1244 see also Eastern Orthodox churches; Holy Land, Coptic churches in the Jesuits and the Coptic church, 1132, 1329-1330 Ethiopian controversies, 986-987, 995-997 influence in Ethiopia, 1021 Jullien, Michel Marie, 1382- 1383 Kircher, Athanasius, 1415 Sicard, Claude, 2136-2137 see also Bollandists Jesus, bath of the infant. See Christian subjects in Coptic art Jesus Christ Advent, 63 Agnus Dei, 70 Ascension, 1105 and asceticism, 1306 and atonement, 306-307 on baptism, 336-337, 1285 baptism of, 967 blessing style, 403-404 Candlemas feast, 1106-1107 on celibacy, 476 and Christian Pasch, 1904 crucifixion, fasts to commemorate, 1096 crucifixion, Qur’anic theory of, 95 and death of Joseph, 1697 depiction in Coptic art, 270; see also subhead paintings of and Eucharist, 1107 fasts, 1095-1096 first miracle, 1107 and fraction rite, 1121 and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136 on guardian angel, 1186 icons of, 368-369, 1276, 1277-1278 Incarnation, 1287-1290 and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433 Lord’s Prayer, 1480-1481 and magical spells, 1500, 1503 and Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1529 and marriage, 1542, 1544 Melchizedek and, 1583-1584 Nativity, 1102-1103 pagan literature on, 1868 paintings of, 727, 747, 778, 794, 868, 869, 1660, 1875, 2004-2006, 2006 Palm Sunday, 1103-1104 and Paradise, 1900-1901 power of binding and loosing, 1932 and priesthood, 2015 Resurrection, 1104-1105 and Revelation, 61-63 and symbolism of manual cross, 1472 and Thomas, disciple, 1108 Transfiguration, 1108-1109 see also Athanasian Creed; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Christ, nature of; Christology; Flight into Egypt; Good Friday; Gospel headings; Nicene Creed Jewelry, 1605-1607, 1606 Coptic colored glass-inlaid crosses, 1146 Jews and Judaism Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, relations with, 11 as Ahl al-Dhimmah, 72, 655-656; see also subhead Muslim discriminatory measures Alexandrian ascetics, 1661 Alexandrian community, 91, 97, 1175, 1180, 1865, 1866 and Alexandrian gnosticism, 1147, 1148, 1149-1150 Alexandrian rebellion, 97, 1947, 2016 altars, 106 anointing, 137 Antichrist concept and, 143 apologetic directed at, 2357 apologists, 176 atonement concept, 306-307 baptism at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721 Bar Hebraeus, 345-346 and canon of the Scripture, 2109 Coptic music and, 148-149, 1731 and Cyril I, 672 and eschatology, 973 Ethiopian prohibitions against, 991-993 Evodius of Rome homilies against, 1078-1079 Great Synagogue (Tamuh), 717 heaven concept, 1214 Hellenization in Egypt, 1167, 1175 jizyah tax on, 1336 Josephus Flavius, 176, 1375- 1376 magical spells, 1508 Muslim discriminatory measures, 655-656, 939, 1202, 1343, 1348 New Testament explanation addressed to, 1273 Old Testament feasts, 1101 and paganism, 1868 Paraphrase of Shem and, 1902 Pascha (Passover), 1903 Philo of Alexandria, 1956-1957 religious impact in Egypt, 1865-1866 ritual purification ceremonials, 8-9 Roman poll tax and, 2203 Saturday as sabbath, 2098 scriptural proof texts disputes, 1227 and Youth of Egypt membership, 2354 see also Law, Mosaic; Old Testament; Therapeutae Jibril ibn Bukhtishu‘ ibn Jurjis, 1922 Jihad, al- (publication), 1990 Jilbanah, Saint, 700 Jimyanah, Saint. See Dimyanah, Saint Jirja, 1330-1331 monasteries in region of, 825-826, 861-862, 1656, 1657 Jirja and Upper Sa‘id, See of, 1614 Jirjis, Mar. See George, Saint Jirjis Abu al-Fada‘il ibn Lutfallah, 1462 Jirjis al-Muzahim. See George, Saint Jirjis ibn al-‘Amid, 1095 Jirjis ibn al-Qass abi al-Mufaddal, 1270, 1271, 1332 Jirji al-Sim‘ani, 461, 1331-1332 Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1141, 1332-1334, 1417, 1515, 1539, 1688, 1692, 2351 and Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1274 Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani, 1334-1335 Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335, 1515 Jirjis al-Muzahim, Saint (martyr), 902-903, 1335-1336, 1556 Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372 Jirjis Philuthawus ‘Awad church law compendium, 1942 on Dayr al-Sham‘, 865 Jirjis al-Qibti (George the Copt), 1700 Jizyah (poll tax), 303, 622, 636, 656, 665, 1097, 1336, 2134-2135 abolition of, 1636 on Ahl al-Dhimmah, 72 Alexander II and, 86, 87 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 187, 189 and Baqt Treaty, 343 as factor in Islamization of Egypt, 937, 1411 and Gabriel II’s patriarchy, 1129 and Gabriel V’s patriarchy, 1130 and Gabriel VII’s patriarchy, 1134 and hisbah, 1236-1237 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah commentary, 1269 increases during Theodorus patriarchy, 2237 increases under Badr al-Jamali, 325 in Makouria, 1514 Job, Testament of, 164 Joel, King of Dotawo, 923 Johannes de Turrecremata (Juan de Torquemada), Cardinal, 1119 Johannes Gallicus Marinesis, Cardinal, 1119 Johann Georg, 1336 Johannine Christology, 2157 John, Apostle and Saint on celibacy, 476 church at Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 church at Dayr al-Majma‘, 820, 821 on confession and penitence, 585 feast day, 882, 2084 and Good Friday, 1104 and Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 monasteries dedicated to, 883 monastery of, 748, 861, 1656 Polycarp and, 1997 as Transfiguration witness, 1108-1109 see also Apocryphon of John; Revelation, Book of; Dayr al- Saqiyah; Gospel of John John, Hegumenos of Raithou, 2050 John, Hegumenos of Scetis, 12, 1362 John, Saint and Bishop of Armant, 1353-1354 John I, Saint and Patriarch, 1337, 2084 and Acacian schism, 44 dates of patriarchy, 1915 John II, Saint and Patriarch, 1337, 2084 and Acacian schism, 44, 45, 46 and churches in Babylon, 318 dates of patriarchy, 1915 at the Enaton, 956-957 and John I, 1337 John III, the Merciful, Saint and Patriarch, 70, 94, 709, 1337-1338, 1939, 1966, 2084 dates of patriarchy, 1915 Isaac the Deacon as biographer of, 1304 and John of Nikiou, 1366 and John of Parallos, 1368 as monk-priest at Dayr al-Ikhwah, 808 panegyric by, 1456 successor, 1303 John IV, Saint and Patriarch, 334, 1338-1339 dates of patriarchy, 1916 feast day, 2084 and Mark II, 1533 Yuhanna as biographer of, 2356 John V, Patriarch, 1340-1341, 1534, 1912 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1007 and Murqus ibn Qanbar reforms, 1699 John VI, Saint and Patriarch, 1341-1342, 1391 and Bulus al-Bushi, 423 and Crusaders’ occupation of Burah, 425 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Giyorgis II as metropolitan of Ethiopia, 1009 and Kha’il translation, 399 and Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007 and Yeshaq I, Ethiopian prelate, 1008 John VII, Patriarch, 33, 1342-1343 burial site, 848 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Yusab, Bishop (13th-century), 2359 John VIII, Patriarch, 1343-1344 burial at Dayr Shahran, 862 and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 consecrated by Hasaballah, 1210 dates of patriarchy, 1917 patriarchal seat change and residence, 1208, 1913 successor, 1344 and Yusab, Bishop (13th-century), 2359 John IX, Patriarch, 377, 1344 burial site, 848 dates of patriarchy, 1917 John X, Patriarch, 1344 dates of patriarchy, 1918 John XI, Patriarch, 1344-1345 consecration of Ethiopian prelates, 1014 and Coptic relations with Rome, 609 dates of patriarchy, 1918 and Dayr al-Maghtis, 819 John XII, Patriarch, 1119, 1131, 1346 and Coptic relations with Rome, 1347 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1346 John XIII, Patriarch, 1612, 1346-1347, 1647, 1974 dates of patriarchy, 1918 on pillage of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 John XIV, Patriarch, 1347 and Coptic relations with Rome, 952, 1329-1330 dates of patriarchy, 1918 John XV, Patriarch, 1022, 1347-1348 dates of patriarchy, 1919 John XVI, Patriarch, 30, 1206, 1273, 1347-1348, 1975 church restorations under, 713 and communion of the sick, 580 and Coptic relations with Rome, 610 dates of patriarchy, 1919 and Jesuits in Egypt, 1330 and Marqos IV, Ethiopian prelate, 1027 as monk of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 and restoration of Dayr Anba Bula, 742, 743 and Sinoda, Ethiopian prelate, 1025 successor, 1949 John XVII, Patriarch, 1348-1350 Bisurah al-Hariri manuscripts on, 403 consecration at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550 and Coptic relations with Rome, 610-611 dates of patriarchy, 1919 as monk at Dayr Anba Bula, 742 successor, 1538 and Yohannes III, Ethiopian prelate, 1029 John XVIII, Patriarch, 1350 consecration of Jusab, Bishop (18th-century), 2360 dates of patriarchy, 1919 John XIX, Patriarch, 1351 and Coptic Community Council, 580 dates of patriarchy, 1919 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980, 1198, 1041- 1043 Ethiopian visit, 1041 as first bishop elected as patriarch, 399, 1911 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 and Isidhurus pardon, 1307 and Italian intervention in Ethiopia, 1041-1043, 1198 as monk at Dayr al-Baramus, 791 and Qerelos III, Ethiopian prelate, 1040, 1042 and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2097 and School for Monks (Alexandria), 564 and Yusab II, 2363 John of Alexandria (martyr), 31, 1554 John the Almoner, Patriarch of Cyprus (Melchite), 184, 720, 721, 1641-1642 John of Antioch, Bishop, 55, 960, 1354 and bishop’s translation, 399 and Nestorius, 1786 John Arkaph, 1584 John of Ashmun Tanah (martyr), 1556 John of Asyut, Bishop, on martyrs of Isna, 866 John the Baptist, Saint, 71, 1354-1356, 1477 birth of, 1102 churches dedicated to, 792 in Coptic literature, 1356 cult of, 1355 Feast of Commemoration. See Festal days, monthly Gabriel, Archangel, and, 1135 and immersion, 1286 martyrium of, 1610, 1611, 1646 place in Coptic church, 1355-1356 Proclus homily on, 2018 Raphael, Archangel, and, 2054 relics of, 93 sanctuary of, 751 John of Biclarum, 921, 1513 on the evangelization of Nubia, 1801-1802 John the Black. See John Kama, Saint John Calybites, 1357 John Cassian. See Cassian, Saint John John Chrysostom, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 1357-1359 on ablution, 9 on anamnesis, 121 on angels, 132 Antioch schism mediation, 2249 on asterisk as eucharistic vessel, 1065 Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 459-460 on celibacy, 476 collected homilies of, 1778, 1779 Coptic translations, 1454 and cross-carrying, 1468 and Cyril I, 672 on deaconesses, 888 and Demetrius, cycle of, 667 and Demetrius of Antioch, 893 encomia as part of Coptic hagiography, 1196 on Eucharist, 597, 1056-1057, 1059-1060 and Eustathius of Thrace, 1073 on Feast of the Ascension, 1105 feast day, 2084 on Gospel of Saint Mark, 1159 on Holy Cross manifestation, 1243 homily on Basil the Great, 352 homily on Gabriel, Archangel,1136 homily on Raphael, Archangel, 2053, 2054 on immersion, 1286 and Isidorus of Pelusium, 1308, 1309, 1310 and Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani (copyist), 1335 and John the Faster, 1339-1340 on Last Judgment, 1379 liturgies of, 1540 on Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 and Origenist monks, 113-114, 2250 Palladius defense of, 1877 patristic writings, 1921 Proclus on, 2018 relics, 2017 and al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal revision of homilies of, 2075 and Severian of Jabalah, 1136, 1619, 2122, 2123 and Sophia, Saint, 2143-2144 and Tall Brothers, 916, 2250 Theodorus of Mopsuestia relationship, 2238 and Theophilus, Patriarch,2247, 2250-225 1, 2252 and tradition of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2303 on unction of the sick, 139, 2291-2292 John of Claudiopolis, Bishop of Isauria, 2124 John Climacus (John the Cilician), 2050 John Colobos, Saint, 1359-1361, 1448 on Ababius, 1 Arabic tradition of, 1361-1361 and Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240 and Athanasius of Clysma (martyr), 305 and Bishoi, 734, 795 churches dedicated to, 701, 1426 Coptic tradition of, 1359-1361 death in Clysma, 565 feast day, 2084 and James of Scetis, Saint, 1321 and John Kama, Saint, 1363 monasteries of, 770, 809 as paragon of virtue and obedience, 1668 and Pshoi of Scetis, 2029 relics, 720, 753 and Shenute, 2029 and Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258 John the Confessor, Saint, 2084 John of Damanhur (martyr), 688, 1554 John of Damascus, Saint, 71, 1735, 1985, 2046 John the Dwarf. See John Colobos, Saint John of Ephesus, 921, 1362, 1676 on the evangelization of Nubia, 1797, 1801-1802, 1807 on Longinus, 1480 on monophysitism, 1673-1674 and Sophia, 1384-1385 John the Faster, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 1339-1340 feast day, 2084 John of Gaza, Saint, 2084 John of the Golden Gospel, Saint, 2084 John the Grammarian of Caesarea, 1455 John of Heraclia (martyr), 1556 John Jejunator. See John the Faster, Saint John of Jerusalem, Saint and Bishop, 1930, 2084 John Kama, Saint, 701, 749, 1362-1363 in Ethiopia, 991 feast day, 2084 marital chastity of, 1543 John of Laqqaanah, Bishop, 1426 John the Little. See John Colobos, Saint John of Lycopolis, Saint, 296, 1363-1365, 1976, 2029, 2084 and Bessarion, Saint, 379 Coptic texts on, 1455 and Dayr al-‘Izam, 809 Historia monachorum in Aegypto on, 809, 1238, 1363, 1364 at Lycopolis, 296 Palladius and, 1876 reclusion of, 2055-2056 John of Madinat al-Fayym, Bishop, 1126 John of Mayuma, Bishop, 1366, 1670, 2033 on early liturgical music practices, 1733, 1735 texts by, 1455 John of Montenero, 1114, 1116 John Moschus, 1467, 1560, 1662, 2050 John of Nikiou, Bishop, 37, 1366-1367, 1676, 1794, 206 as archimandrite, 193 chronicle of Arab conquest of Egypt, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188 on Church of Saint Michael, 1617 on the Covenant of ‘Umar, 655 on Eikoston, 951 and Jeremiah, Saint, 1322 on Mit Damsis, 1971 and Simon I, 2138-2139 and taxation, 358-359 and Theognosta, Saint, 2244 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2248 and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264 on treaty of Alexandria (641), 187, 683 writings translated into Ethiopic, 977 John “of the Cells”, 1948 John of Pake, 1367 John of Parallos Saint, 838, 871, 1367-1368, 1456, 1618, 1619, 1626 feast day, 2084 John Paul II, Pope (Rome), on doctrines of Nestorius and Eutyches, 1786 John of Petra, Abbot, 1662 1662 John of Phanidjoit (martyr), 1556 John Philoponus, 29, 100 John and Piammônas of Diolkos, 908 John the Presbyter, 1368-1369 and Life of Pisentius, Saint, 1368, 1455-1456 John of Psenhowt (martyr), 1556 John Rufus. See John of Mayuma John Rylands Library, Manchester, England, 901, 1893 John of Sa, Bishop, 925 John of Sabarou (martyr), 1552 John Sabas, 1369 John of Sais, Bishop, and monks of the Kellia, 1397-1398 John of Sanhut, Saint (martyr), 882, 1556, 1626 John the Scribe. See Cyril V, Patriarch John of Shmun, Bishop, 1369 on Bishoi and Shinudah, 737 panegyrics by, 1456 John the Short. See John Colobos, Saint John the Soldier (martyr), 1467, 1556 Johnson, D. W., 1573 John and Symeon, 1370 John Talaia, 43, 1609, 1610, 2269 John of Tella, 1673-1674 John of Würzburg, 872 Jomard, Edmé Franois, 1284 Jonah, depiction in Coptic art, 386, 387 Jonah, Fast of, 1094 Jonas, Apa, festal date of, 840 Joore (martyr), 1370, 1556 Jordan Coptic churches in, 1621 and Dayr al-Sultan, 873-874 Jordan River, 1246 Jordanus, Bishop of Quilon, 1635-1636 Joseph (martyr). See Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs) Joseph (Old Testament), 1868 depiction in Coptic art, 387-388, 388 Egyptian sites connected with, 1976 and lecanoscopy, 1507 Joseph, Saint, 1370 Joseph of Arsinoë, Bishop, 760 Joseph the Bishop, Saint, 2084 Joseph of Bishaw, Saint, 1371, 1374, 2084 Joseph the Carpenter, Saint, 1371-1374 apocryphal accounts,1372-1373 cult of, 1373-1374 and Dayr al-Janadlah, 705 feast day, 2084 and Gabriel and Michael, Archangels, 1136 and mummification, 1697 New Testament accounts, 1371-1372 see also Flight into Egypt Joseph of Fuwwah, Bishop, 1126 Joseph of Tsenti, Saint, 1374 Josephus Flavius, 176, 1375-1376 Joshua (Old Testament), 1618 in Arabic versions, 1830-1831 Testament of. See Testament of Joshua Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs), 1556 Josippon, 1375 Journals. See Press, Coptic; Press, Egyptian; specific titles Jovian, Emperor, 1376-1377 patriarch under, 1914 Jowett, William, 133 J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California, 2003, 2005 Jubilee Year, 1101 Judaism. See Jews and Judaism Judaizing Christians. See Ebionites Judas Cyriacus, Saint and Bishop of Jerusalem, 1377-1378, 2085 Judas Iscariot, 897, 1416 Judges (Old Testament), Arabic versions, 1831-1832 Judgment, Last, 1378-1379 Abbaton’s role, 2 agnoetism and, 70-71 and eschatology, 974 and Hades, 1189-1190 and prayer for the dead, 889 see also Afterlife; Paradise Jugs. See Glass, Coptic; Jars and jugs; Metalwork, Coptic; Water jugs and stands Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus, 70, 876, 1379, 1455, 1674 doctrinal position, 547, 734 and Eutyches, 1075 Gaianus advocacy of doctrine, 1138 and Justin I, Emperor, 1384 and monophysitism, 1673 on the nature of Christ, 547, 1288, 2125, 2241 and Severus of Antioch, 2125 and Timothy III, 2268 see also Gaianites; Gaianus Julian, Emperor, 1868 Against the Galileans, 177 and Libanius, 1447 patriarch under, 1914 Julian, Evangelist, 1380, 1480 and Nubian conversion, 1797, 1801-1802, 1807 Julian, Proconsul of Tripoli, 1443 Julian, Saint and Patriarch, 1380, 1999, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1914 successor, 891-892 Juliana (martyr), 1552-1553, 1556 Julian the Apostate, Emperor, 1380-1382 and Cyril I, 673 and martyrdom of Alladyus, 1551 and martyrdom of Eusignius, 1071-1072, 1555 and martyrdom of Judas Cyriacus, 1377 martyrs under, 1556, 1557; see also specific names Mercurius of Caesarea and death of, 1382, 1592, 1593 monastery establishment during reign of, 720 and paganism, 1869 persecutions of Christians by, 300, 1937 and profaning tomb of John the Baptist, 1355 succeeded by Jovian, 1376 Julian calendar. See Calendar, Julian Julian and his mother (martyrs), 1556 Julianists. See Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus Julianus, Chaldean Oracles, 516 Julitta (Julietta), Saint (martyr), 671, 1554 icon of, 1278 Julius, Bishop of Puteoli, 1441 Julius I, Pope (Rome), 523, 1442, 1669, 1670, 1672 Julius of Aqfahs, 1, 2, 152, 1556, 1865 Cycle of, 445 martyrdom in Atrib, 307 Julius Caesar, 235 Jullien, Michel Marie, 806, 852, 856, 1382-1383, 2197 Jung, Carl, 1149 Jung Codex. See Codex Jung Junia (martyr), 1552 Junker, Hermann, 656, 815, 1383 Jupiter (pagan deity), 889, 890, 904, 905, 1866 Justin I, Emperor, 1383-1384 and Apion family, 155-156 and Chalcedon dispute, 46-47, 1673, 1674 patriarch under, 1915 Justin II, Emperor, 688, 1384-1385 John of Ephesus on reign of, 1362 and monophysites, 1675, 1676 patriarch under, 1915 Justinian, Emperor, 1385-1386, 1648, 2008 and Abraham of Farshut, 11-12 and Abusir, 34 and Acacian schism, 46, 47 and Anastasia, 125 Annunciation, Feast of the, 290 and Apion family, 155-156 and Athanasius of Clysma cult, 305-306 and audientia episcopalis, 308 and canons of Epiphanius, 456 and Codex Justinianus, 569-570, 1385 and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595-596 Henoticon edict, 1218, 1674 hymn ascribed to, 1733 and John of Ephesus missions, 1362 and Justin I, Emperor, 1383 and Justin II, Emperor, 1384-1385 military reforms, 136, 237-238 and monophysitism, 1319, 1673, 1674, 1676 Moses of Abydos prophecy on, 1679-1680 and Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1681, 1682, 2325 patriarch under, 1915 and Pentapolis administration, 1934 Procopius history of, 2019-2020 and Qift renaming, 2038 and Raithou monasteries, 2050 reforms of, 2007-2008, 2023; see also subhead military reforms on sale of monasteries, 1639, 1640 and taxation in Roman Eqypt, 2205 and Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 2239 and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264 and wife, Theodora, 2234-2235 Justin Martyr, 1638 as apologist, 176, 177-178 on Easter designation, 1104 and “godly monarch” concept, 1957 on immersion, 1286 Justus, Patriarch, 1386, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1913 Justus, Saint (martyr), 2085, 1386-1387, 1556, 2085, 2209 Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 290, 515, 1440, 1670, 2242 K_______________________ Ka, festival of Union of, 438 Kaau, Saint, paintings of, 727 Kacmarcik manuscript, copying of, 722, Kafi, al- (Mikha’il Sharubim), 1630-1631 Kafr Ayyub, pilgrimages to, 1972 Kafr Damru (village), 689-690 Kafr al-Dayr, 1655, 1656 pilgrimages to, 1972-1973 Kafr Dimayrah al-Iadid. See Dimarah Kafr al-Shaykh. See Mahallat Danyal Kaft al-Dawwar, Coptic Catholic church, 1123 Kahle, Paul Eric, 902, 1389 Kahyor, monasteries at, 1654 Kainopolis. See Qina Kalabsha. See Talmis Kalamon. See Qalamun Kallileion. See Anointing; Catechumen, oil of the Kallinikos, Bishop, 1089 Kaluj See Bajtij (martyr) Kamal, Ahmad, on Dayr Abu Lifah, 704 Kamil Murad. See Murad Kamil Kanebo. See Museums, Coptic collections in Kansu, 1519 Kaou (martyr), 1556 Kaphalas. See Paphnutius of Scetis, Saint Karabacek, Joseph von, 1389 Karanis, 1390 glassmaking, 1143-1144 Kararah. See Qararah Karimi Guild, 1391 Karma, monastic murals at, 1874 Karm Abu Mena, 1936-1937 Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 1391-1392 Karmuz, catacomb at, 1873 Karnak in the Christian period, 1392-1394, 1392, 1393, 1394 end to institutionalized paganism in, 1870 monasteries near, 1657 pharaonic-style temples at, 1392, 1392, 1865 Kasios. See Katib al-Qals Kassa Asrate Stele, 1394 Kata meros. See Lectionary Katib al-Misri, al-. See Fakr al-Dawlah Katib al-Qals, 1650 Katochoi (recluses), 2055-2056 Kaufmann, Carl Maria, 1394 Kaunakopoiós (kaunakoplókos) (Coptic weaving term), 2221 Kavad II Seroe 1940 Kawjar al-Rumi, 810 Kawkab al-Sharq (publication), 1990 Kaysan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan, 1395, 2079 Keep, 1395-1396 Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj), 736, 740 Dayr Anba Samu’il (Qalamun), 760 Dayr al-Baramus, 792 Kellia, 1395, 1404 Keimer, Ludwig, 1396 Kellia, 1395, 1396-1409 altars, 106, 107 Ammonius and, 113 Amun, Saint, and, 119 architecture compared with Hilwan, 1234 ceramics of, See Ceramics, Coptic complexes of churches, 552, 553, 1404-1405, 1406-1407 construction materials, 1401-1402 and Coptological studies, 615 and Damanhur bishopric, 687 in “Desert of Scetis,” 2102 earliest churches at, 552, 553 Egyptian archaeological activity, 1406-1407 epigraphy, 1407-1408 Evagrius Ponticus and, 1076-1077 excavations, 414, 694, 724, 1398-1406, 1658 French archaeological activity, 1398-1400, 1402 hegumenos title used at, 1216 hermit cells at, 477 history of site, 1397-1398 inscriptions found at, 1291, 1407-1408 and Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud identification, 1316 keeps, 1395, 1396 khizanahs found at, 1415 as laura of hermitages, 1224-1225 in Letters of Saint Antony, 150 and Macarius Alexandrinus, Saint, 1489-1490 monastic life, 1662 mural paintings at, 1408-1409, 1659, 1660, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877 and Nitria monastery, 1794-1796 Palladius at, 1876, 1877 Swiss archaeological activity, 1400-1406 two-bay hall development, 1404 Kells, Book of. See British Isles and Ireland, Coptic influences in the Kemal Atatürk, 1996 Kenya, Coptic churches in, 1622 Kenyon, Frederic George, 1410 Kephalaia, 1891 Kerygmata (Damian), 1455 Keys, 1604, 1604 Kha’il I, Patriarch, 24, 37, 93, 350, 1205, 1410-1412, 1589, 1678, 1950 and bishop’s translation, 399 chosen at Bilbeis, 391 dates of patriarchy, 1915 feast day, 2085 and Mina I, 1631 as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721 Yuhanna the Deacon biography of, 2356-2357 Kha’il II, Patriarch, 1412, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1916 Yuhanna biography of, 2356 Kha’il III, Patriarch, 903, 1412-1413 dates of patriarchy, 1916 held for ransom, 2280-2281 Khalil Bey (Mamluk amir), 1538 Khandaq, al-, 1413 see also Dayr al-Khandaq Khara’ib al-Namus. See Dayr al-Namus Kharaj (land tax), 636, 656, 1413-1414, 2093 Alexander II and, 86, 87 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 189 on communal property, 72, 85-87 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah on, 1269 impact on Copts, 72, 1410, 1412 increases during Shenute I patriarchy, 2134-2135 and Jacob, Saint, 1318 and jizyah tax, 1336 John IV payment, 1338 Macarius II policy, 1487 Khargah. See Kharjah Kharjah (great oasis), monasteries near, 1317, 1658-1659 Khartoum. See Sudan, Copts in the Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1658 Khatt al-Hamayuni, al. See Personal status law Khayla Malakot of Shewa, 1590 Khidmat al-Shammas. See The Services of the Deacon Khirbat al-Filusiyyah, 1414, 1650 Khirbitah, 1415 Khizanah, 1415, 1418 Khonai, shrine to Michael the Archangel, 1616 Khosrow textile (Antinoopolis), 2097-208 Khumarawayh, Caliph, 2281 Khune. See Kounes, Governor of Aswan Khurus, 212-213, 218, 221, 223, 552, 553, 554, 555, 661 and altar location, 107 Dayr Anba Maqar, 753, 754 Dayr Anba Shinudah, 769 Khusus, al- (Coptic center), 703 Khuzi (martyr), 1552 Kilani, Muhammad Sayyid, 1465 Kilns, pottery, 481-482 Kings, anointing of, 139 Kircher, Athanasius, 1248, 1330, 1415, 1748, 1967, 2052 Kirillus, Anba, Bishop of Asyut, 1270 Kiss of Peace (aspasmos), 63, 1416 Kitab Akhbar al-Zaman (Yuhanna al-Hadhiq al-Qibti), 2357 Kitab al-Burhan fi al-Qawanin (Book of Evidence in Laws) (Abti Shakir ibn al-Rahib), 33, 1463 Kitab al-Hadi fi Ma‘rifat al-Samadi (Qustantin), 2046 Kitab al-Huda (Canons of Clement), 456 Kitab al-‘Ilm wa-al-‘Amal (Yuhanna ibn Sawirus), 2357-2358 Kitab al-Idah (Severus of al-Ashmunayn), 1779 Kitab al-Istidlal. See Book of Dialectic Kitab Jala’ al-‘Uqul fi‘Ilm al-Usul, 1464 Kitab al Khulaji al-Muqaddas, 1464 Kitab al-Majami‘, 1463 Kitab Misbah al-Zulmah fi ldah al-Khidmah. See Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar) Kitab Qawanin al-Dawawin, 1461 Kitab al-Ru’us, 1779 Kitab al-Shifa’ (Butrus ibn al-Rahib), 1779 Kitab al-Shifa fi Kashf ma-Istatara min Lahut al-Masihwa-Ikhtafa, 1463 Kitab al-Suluk li-Ma‘rifat Duwal al-Muluk (Maqrizi), 1525 Kitab al-Tawarikh. See Book of Chronicles Kitab al-Turuhat wa-al-Absaliyyat, 1464 Kitchener, Lord, 1466 Kiyahk (fourth month of Coptic calendar), 438, 441 in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2178-2 179 Kléber, Jean-Baptiste, 1333, 1416-1417, 2351 Kneeler-penitents, 1932 Kneeling. See Genuflection Knowledge Society, 1993 Kohl, boxes for, 2337-2338 Koine, 1166, 1168, 1169 see also Greek language Koinonia (community), 1664, 1859-1860, 1861, 1862, 1952 see also Monasticism, Pachomian; Pachomius, Saint Kom Abu Billu. See Tarnut Komete (patrician), 1679 Kom Gu’aif. See Naucratis Kom Namrud, 1224, 1418 Kom Ombo, 1418, 1865 Kom al-Rahib, 1418-1419 Konkhistes (Coptic textile term), 2221 Kootwyck, Iohann van, 1647 Koptos. See Qift Korakion (Millenarian), 911 Kothos (pagan deity), 1870 Koui (Khui), Governor of Aswan, tomb of, 850 Koukoullion (bishop’s hood), 1476 Kounes (Khune), Governor of Aswan, tomb of, 850, 851 Krajon and Amun, Saints, 1419, 1556 Krall, Jakob, 1419 Krestodolu I, Ethiopian prelate, 1020 Krestodolu II, Ethiopian prelate, 1024- 1025 Krestodolu III, Ethiopian prelate, 1028, 1349 Krikoris Vegayasayr (Armenian bishop), 234 Kubaniyyah, al-, 815-8 16 Kuentz, Charles, 1419 Kühnel, Ernst, 1419-1420 Kula al-Hamra, al-. See Hermitages, Theban Kunnash al-Thurayya, 1922 Kurum al-Tuwal. See ‘Amriyyah Kush, Empire of, 110, 1420 and Nubians, 1797, 1800 threat by Beja tribes, 373 Kutlah al-Wafdiyyah, al-. See Wafdist bloc Kuttah. See Scriptorium Kutulus (martyr), 1553 Kuwait, Coptic church in, 1621 Kyprianos, spells of, 1506-1507 Kyriakos Mikha’il. See Mikha’il Kyriakos Kyrie eleison, 1420-1421, 1469, 1569, 2013, 2014 in the Book of Canonical Hours, 446-449 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909-1910 in Coptic Good Friday service, 1152 Kyrillos. See Ethiopian Prelates Kyrillus. See Cyril Kyrollos. See Cyril
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Entry Title | Index F-K Volumes 1-7 |
Publication | The Coptic encyclopedia, volume 8 |
Entry Reference | CE: Index F-K Volumes 1-7 |
Creator | Atiya, Aziz Suryal, 1898-1988 (editor-in-chief) |
Contributors | Atiya, Aziz Suryal, 1898-1988 (editor-in-chief) |
Subject |
Copts Encyclopedias and dictionaries Indexes |
Description | [Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372] F_______________________ Fabian, Pope, 889 Fabian Society, 2088 Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, 909, 911, 912 Fabrics. See Textiles, Coptic Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices (ARE-UNESCO), 1771-1773 Fadl ibn Abi al-Fada’il, 1463 Fa’iz, al-, Caliph, 1099 Fakhr al-Dawlah Abu al-Mufaddal ibn al-‘Assal, 1085, 1748 False doctrine. See Heresy Family law, Coptic, 1942 see also Personal status law Family life, Coptic, 1086-1088 see also Children; Marriage Family Life Education Program (FLEP), 1088 Famines, 693, 708, 750, 877, 1633 Fan, 1473-1474 Fanah, Saint, 698 see also Dayr Abu Fanah Fanus, Akhnukh, 1988, 1989 Fanus, Louis, 1627 Farabi, Al-, 6 Faraj, Ibrahim, 1991 Faraj Agha, 1636 Farajallah al-Akhmimi, 1089, 1780 Farama, al-(Pelusium), 1089-1090, 1650 on route of flight into Egypt, 1118 Faran. See Pharan Faras, 114, 1090-1091, 1675 and classic Christian Nubian pottery, 1806 as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813 evidence of Nubian liturgy at, 1816-1817 fresco of Onophrius, Saint, at, 1842 and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 as Nobatian capital, 1797, 1798 Nobatian royal headquarters at, 2037 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804 and Nubian Christian architecture, 1807-1809 and Nubian inscriptions, medieval, 1814-1815 and Nubian studies, 615 portraits of bishops, 402 Faras Cathedral, 1090, 1091-1092 Faras murals, 1091-1092, 1092, 1811-1812, 1819 and the eparchs of Nobatia, 1798 Farid, Muhammad, 1994 Fariskur, 1649 Farouk I, King, 1694, 1990, 1992 Farshut, 11, 12, 331, 1092-1093, 1656 Fast of the Apostles, 1093 Fast of Heraclius, 1093-1094 \ Fasting, 1093-1096, 1699 abstinence differentiated from, 17 communion and, 579 Didache on, 898 Didascalia on, 899 Eucharist, 1063 as funerary custom, 1125 Good Friday, 1152 and Holy Saturday, 1247-1248 and Holy Week, 1251 Lent, 1437 liturgical ritual books for, 1729 marriage ceremonies proscribed during periods of, 1545 monthly festal days and, 1111 and Paramone, 1901 Saturday, 2098, 2099 Sunday, 2159-2160 Fast of Jonah, 1094 Fast of the Nativity, 1095-1096 Fast of the Virgin Mary, 1096 Fath, Mahmud Abu, al-, 1990 Father of the Monks. See Antony of Egypt, Saint Father of Two Swords. See Mercurius of Caesarea Fatimid dynasty, 1097-1099, 1271, 1488, 1632-1633 Abu al-Fadl ‘Isa ibn Nasturus financial role, 18 coinage, 576 Coptic church under, 1574 Copto-Muslim art, 1311-1312 al-Hakim prohibitions and persecutions, 1201-1203 Islamization, 939, 940 Qus prosperity under, 2043 Faw al-Qibli (Faw of the South) See Pbow Fayyum (region) Abraam I, Bishop of, 10 Coptic glass excavations, 1143 cult of Homeric gods, 1865 funerary portraits, 2001 Greek settlements in, 1175 inscriptions found in, 1292 monasteries of, 1650-1651; see also specific monasteries monastery libraries, 1449 papyrus collections, 1389, 1891, 1895 stelae from, 2162 tombstone material and shapes in, 1295 Fayyum, city of, 1100 Fayyum Gospel Fragment, 1100 Fayyumic dialect New Testament in, 1788 see also Appendix Fayyumic Papyrus. See Hamburg Papyrus Fayyum paintings. See Portraits and funerary masks Feast, 1101-1109 monthly festal days, 1111-1112 Feast of the Angel, festal day, 1111 Feast of Blowing of the Trumpets, 1101 Feast of the Martyrs, 1547-1548 Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, awshiyahi during, 311 Feasts of the Cross, 1469 Feast of Shamm al-Nasim, 2126 Feasts, Latin, in the Coptic Catholic Church, 601 Feasts, major, 1101, 1102-1106, 1904 anaphora of Saint Gregory use, 124-125 Assumption of the Virgin Mary, 290, 1096, 2256 Epiphany liturgy, 967-968 liturgical ritual books, 1715-1716, 1729 pilgrimages linked with, 1968, 1970 Feasts, minor, 1101, 1106-1109 liturgical ritual books for, 1729 Feasts, movable, in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2190 Feasts of the Theotokos, 2256 Feast of the Tabernacles, 1101 Feast of the Virgin, 1111 Feast of Weeks, 1101 Febronia, Saint (martyr), 1109-1110, 1555 Federal Republic of Germany. See Germany Feet, washing of, 8-9, 1107-1108, 1252, 1426-1427 laqqan tank, 1426-1427 Maundy Thursday, 311 Felix III, Pope (Rome), 43, 1218 Felix, Saint, 1082, 1110, 1555, 2057, 2086, 2232, 2233 Felix of Aptunga, 920 Festal days, monthly, 1111-1112 Festival of Saint Michael, 1617, 1618 Festugière, A.-J., 1445 Feudal system, Coptic control of, 1535 Fibers used in Coptic textiles, 2211-2213 Figurines metal, 1607 terra-cotta, 500-503, 501-503 Fikri, ‘Abdallah, 1994 Filatis (martyr), 1555 Filioque, 1112-1116, 1119 in Coptic Catholic church, 601 and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1250 history of controversy, 1112-1114 theological background and interpretation, 1114-1116 Filta’us Malati, 1688 Filya (martyr), 688 Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1002-1003 The First Book of Jeu, 897 First Principles (Origen). See De principiis Fis, Saint, 716, 1116, 2083 Fish, as symbol in Coptic art, 2170-2171, 2171 Fishah, 1117 Flasks, 1602-1603 Flavian, Archbishop of Constantinople, 44, 893, 913, 1440, 1441, 1672, 1948 and Eutyches, 1074, 1670 and Evagrius Ponticus, 2249 and John Chrysostom, 893, 1357 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 Flavian of Ephesus, Bishop, 1117 Flavio, Biondo, 1119 Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus (prefect), 2009 Flavius Honorius, Emperor, 921 Flavius Philagrius (prefect), 2009 Flavius Strategius Apion, 155 Flight into Egypt, 1117-1118 and Armant, 233 and al-Ashmunayn, 233, 841 and Asyut, 927 and Bastah, 360-361 and Bilbeis, 391 and al-Burullus, 427 and al-Farama, 1089 Feast of the, 1107 and Harit Zuwaylah, 1207-1209 martyrdoms linked with, 1554 monastic sites associated with, 712, 716, 813, 818, 840, 841, 1653 and Nikiou, 1793 pilgrimage sites associated with, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1977 traditions about, 841-842 Flinders Petrie, W. M., 705, 1090 Florence, Copts at the Council of (1439-1443), 722, 1118-1119 on canon of New Testament, 2110 filioque debate, 1114, 1115-1116 and relations with Rome, 609 and Zar’a Ya‘qob of Ethiopia, 1052-1053 Florentinus, 1445 Florentius (patrician), 1074 Florianus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Florus (prefect), 2009 Flowers, woven textile, 2226 Flute, 1740, 1740 Flute of the Holy Spirit. See Jacob of Sartij Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1713 Fontaine, A. L., 1090 Food and diet abstinence, 17 Dayr Anba Bishoi refectory, 735-736 Dayr Epiphanius (Pachomian monks), 801-802 Epiphany feast, 1103 fasting prohibitions, 1093 funerary customs, 1125 Shamm al-Nasim feast day, 2126 see also Famines; Refectory Foot washing. See Ablution; Feet, washing of Formosus of Porto, Bishop, 1113 Formula of Satisfaction (Anastasius), 44, 1672 Fortescue, Adrian, 1120 Fortress of Babylon, 317-320, 318 and Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 607-608 Fortress of Candles. See Qasr al-Sham‘ Fortresses hisn, 1237 Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 Qal‘at al-Babayn, 2035 Qasr Ibrim, 2036-2037 Qasr Nisimah, 2038 Qasr al-Sham‘, 2038 Talmis, 2200 Umm Dabadib, 2291 Vsee also Castrum Fortress of Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1684 Forty-nine martyrs of Scetis, 12, 1120-1121 and Bilbeis, 391 buried at al-Batanun, 361 chapel at Dayr al-Suryan, 876, 880 church of (Harit al-Rum), 753, 2046 and John of Scetis, 1362 Fouad, King, 1694, 1990, 1992 Foucart, G., 924 Four Living Creatures in Coptic Art. See Christ, Triumph of Fourth Eclogue (Virgil), 1867 Fra Bartolomeo, 1532 Fraction, 1121, 1567 and Epiphany, liturgy of the, 967-968 and Lord’s Prayer, 1481 prayers, 17, 71 France archaeological activity, 1398-1400, 1402 archaeological activity in the Kellia, 1398 Archaeological and Anthropological Museum, 1187 Coptic churches in, 1623 Coptic collections, 1701, 1705-1707; see also Louvre Museum influence on Egyptian political parties, 1987-1988 Louvre Museum, 1481-1483 Mauritius, Saint, veneration, 1572 papyri collections, 1892 see also Coptological studies; French expedition in Egypt; Scholars Franciscan Center for Christian Oriental Studies, founding of, 1123 Franciscan Mission of Upper Egypt, 1123 Franciscans in Egypt, 1121-1123, 1699 Frankish kingdoms, 1112 Fraumünster, Zurich, 1082, 1110, 2057 Freer Collection, Washington, D.C., 843, 1136, 1895-1896 Free will, 1929 French expedition in Egypt, 1141, 1206, 1284, 1511-1512 and administrative organization of Egypt, 935, 1516 Coptic Legion, 1524; see also Coptic Legion Coptic officials, 1687-1688 influence on Egyptian political thought, 1993 Jirjis al-Jawhari and, 1332-1334 Kléber, Jean Baptiste, participation, 1416 Mark VIII patriarchy during, 1538- 1539 military leadership, 1417, 1591- 1592 and Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty, 1691-1692 Muhammad al-Muhdi support, 1696 scholarship and, 1526, 1977 Shukrallah Jirjis and, 2136 Yaqub, General, 2349-2352 French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, Cairo, 256 French language, Arabic-French dictionary, 1284, 1285 French Oriental Army, 1417 French School, Rome, 925 Frescobaldi, 1977 Frescoes. See Painting, Coptic mural Friars Minor of the Observance, 610 Friday. See Wednesday and Friday fast days Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 1893 Friends of the Bible, 1124 Friezes, 1873, 2341-2342, 2342 Frumentius. See Salama I Fugas, Bishop of Bontos (martyr), 1555 Fulvius Asticus, 906 Funeral masks, 2001 Funerary customs, 1124-1125 mourning, 1686 murals and portraiture, 1873, 2001-2003 objects, 263 rites, 425-426, 1128, 1901 stela, 2149-2152 see also Burial rites; Mourning in early Christian times; Mummification Furayj Ruways, hagiographical collection of, 1780 Fustat, Al- (Old Cairo) and Arab conquest of Egypt, 188 Coptic churches’ legal status in, 687 DayrAbu Sayfayn, 710-711 Dayr bi’l-Habash, 796 foundation of, 188 Harit al-Rum section, 1206-1207 Harit Zuwaylah section, 1207- 1209 and Islamization, 937 as site of Egyptian mint, 575-576 transfer of Egyptian capital to, 88-89, 91, 96 Fustat Expedition of the American Research Center in Egypt. See Ceramics of the late Coptic period Futuh Misr (‘Abd al-Hakam), on the Arab conquest of Egypt, 183- 189 Fuwwah, 1125-1126 G_______________________ Gabra Manfas Qeddus, Ethiopian saint, 1055 Gabra Masqal, Ethiopian saint, 1047-1048 Gabr’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1014-1015, 1054 Gabriel (monk-priest of Dayr al-‘Adhra’, Samalut), 716 Gabriel (qummus of Dayr al-Muharraq), 840 Gabriel, Archangel, 190, 1135-1137 and the Annunciation, 528-529, 1102, 1199, 2256 and the Assumption of Mary, 292, 293, 2256 churches dedicated to, 845, 860, 1137 festival of, 845-846 and Herpaese and Julianus, Saints, 1226 monasteries dedicated to, 814, 845, 1654 paintings of, 868, 869 and Theotokos, feasts of the, 2256 Gabriel, Bishop of Atfih (Aphroditopolis), 726 Gabriel I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325 Gabriel I, Saint and Patriarch, 1127, 2083 dates of patriarchy, 1916 as monk of Dayr Anba Antuniytis, 722 Gabriel II ibn Turayk, Patriarch, 881, 1127-1128, 1613, 2083 and Apostolic Canons, 453 and canons of Coptic law, 450 on Canons of Epiphanius, 457 and Canons of Hippolytus, 458 compilation of difnar by, 1728 condemnation of cheirotonia, 517 dates of patriarchy, 1917 on Dayr Anba Bula, 741 and Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980 and Holy Week scripture readings, 1251 imprisonment, 1129 and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 successor, 1615 Gabriel III, Patriarch dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Hasaballah, 1209 as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 Gabriel IV, Patriarch, 1129-1130 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1569 and Timotheus, 1845 Gabriel V, Patriarch, 392, 1130-1132 dates of patriarchy, 1918 as monk at Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 759 Gabriel VI, Patriarch, 1133 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1616 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, 1133-1134 dates of patriarchy, 1918 and Petros II, Ethiopian prelate, 1018 and restoration of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 720, 722 and restoration of Dayr Anba Bula, 742 and Roman Catholic embassy, 952 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 Gabriel VIII, Patriarch, 1135 consecrated at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550 and Coptic relations with Rome, 609-610, 797-798, 810, 1134 dates of patriarchy, 1918 as monk at Dayr Anba Bishoi, 735 and Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364 Gabriel al-Durunki (priest-monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus), 722 Gabriel ibn Katib al-Qudiyyah, Bishop of Asyut, 1131 Gaianites, 734, 790, 876, 1138, 2054, 2139, 2241 see also Gaianus; Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus Gaianus (rival patriarch of Alexandria), 1138, 2054, 2104, 2241 see also Gaianites Gaius, Emperor. See Caligula Galactotrophousa depicted in Coptic art, 531 see also Virgo lactans Galba, Emperor, patriarch under, 1913 Galerius, Emperor, 904, 906, 907, 1869 patriarch under, 1914 visit to Egypt, 2063, 2066 Gallery, 210 Gallielaion. See Oil of exorcism Gallienus, Emperor, 909, 910, 1869 patriarch under, 1914 tolerance of Christians, 1936 Gallus, Emperor, 909 and Julian the Apostate, 1380 patriarch under, 1914 vision of the Holy Cross, 1244 Galtier, Emile Joseph, 1138 Games, wooden, 2339, 2340 Gangra, Council of (circa 340), 1138, 1543 Garden of the Monks. See Apophthegmata patrum Garima, Ethiopian saint, 1046 Garments, sacred. See Liturgical vestments Gaselee, Stephen, 1138 Gaul, 252-253, 255, 1381 Gayet, Albert Jean Marie Philippe, 847, 1138-1139, 1481 Gebhard, Johannes, 1921 Gelasius, Bishop of Caesarea, 2069 Gelasius I, Patriarch of Constantinople, 43 Gelasius, Saint, 2083 Gemination, vocalic. See Appendix Genesis and Ecelesiastes (Didymus), 900 Geneva, University of, 1400 Gentilly, Synod of (767), 1112 Genuflection, 1139 Geographic Society, 1993 Geography, dialectal. See Appendix Geometric designs, in paintings at Bawit, 372 George (martyr). See Jirjis al-Muzahim George, Bishop of Pelusium, 1089 George, Saint, 230, 1139-1140, 1555, 2083 churches dedicated to, 686, 782, 784, 788, 820, 821, 1131, 1140, 1975 cycle of collected manuscript, 1782 and Horus myth, 248-249, 1762 iconography of, 248-250 monasteries dedicated to, 709, 824, 826, 830, 848, 850, 1658 in Nubian church art, 1812 pilgrimages linked with, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973 portraits of, 726, 727 relics of, 1131 George of Alexandria (martyr), 1555 George of Alexandria, Bishop, 1380, 1381 George the Ascetic (martyr), 1555 George of Cappadocia. See George, Saint George the Copt. See Jirjis al-Qibti George of Makouria, King, 1099, 1271 George of Scetis. See Abraham and George of Scetis, Saints Georgia, Russia, 2243-2244 Georgius (Arian bishop of Alexandria), 98, 101, 102, 1869 Geradamus, 1150 Gérdios (Coptic weaving term), 2221 Germanicus (Roman imperial prince), 2061-2062, 2066 German Institute, 842 German State Library, Berlin, 1893 Germanus, Bishop, 910 Germany Coptic churches in, 1623 Coptic collections in, 1701, 1703-1704 papyrus collection in, 1892- 1893 see also State Museum of Berlin Gerspach, Edouard, 257 Ghali (19th-century Coptic finance minister), 1141, 1334, 1636, 1692, 2059 Ghali, Boutros. See Boutros Ghali Ghali, Mint B., 1299 Gharbiyyah Province Dayr Mar Mina in, 833 Dayr al-Maymah in, 837-838 Dimayrah in, 902-903 Dinushar in, 903 monasteries in, 1651-1652 Ghillebert de Lannoy, 720, 722, 1977 Ghost trap, 1508 Ghubriyal. See Gabriel Ghubriyal, Kamil Ibrahim, 1743 Ghubriyal, Riyad, 1465, 1466 Ghuzz plunder of Damru, 689 plunder of Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj), 764 Giambattista, Eliano, Father, 1134 Gildo, Count, 921 Gilles de Loche, 1977 Ginusi (martyr), 1555 Girdle, 342, 1476-1477, 1535 Girgis, V. A., 2022 Girgis Mattha, 1141 Giuliano Cesarini, Cardinal, 1119 Giversen, 5., 1894 Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 Giyorgis II, Ethiopian prelate, 1008-1009 Giyorgis of Gasecha, Ethiopian Saint, 1051-1052 Giza, 1141-1142 Dayr al-Ahmar in, 716-7 17 Dayr al-Muharraqah in, 841-842 Dayr Nahya in, 843 Franciscan seminary in, 1123 see also Monasteries of the Lower Sa‘id Gjmoumi. See Ashmun Glass, Coptic, 1142-1147, 1143-1147 Islamic influence on, 1312 lamps, 1144-1145 inLouvre Museum, 1483 luster painting, 1146, 1311, 1312 preservation of, 280 religious uses, 1146-1147 restoration. See Art preservation tableware and storage vessels, 1143-1144 technique, 1142-1143 window and wall decorating, 1145-1146 see also Art, historiography of Coptic Glazing techniques, ceramic, 486-487, 510 Gloria in excelsis, 1147, 1732 Gnapheus (Coptic textile term), 2221 Gnômès, and the Arabic Canons of Nicaea, 1789-1790 Gnosis, 1147-1148, 1157, 1163, 1300, 1520 abraxas (word with numerical value), 14 apocryphons as source for understanding, 160, 172 in Jung Codex, 569 scholarship on, 2032, 2033 Gnostic Christians. See Gnosticism Gnosticism, 1148-1151, 1453 abstinence practice, 17 Allogenes text, 105 in the Apocalypse of Adam, 156-157, 166 in the Apocalypse of James, First, 157-158 in the Apocalypse of James, Second, 158-159 in the Apocalypse of Paul, 159-160 in the Apocalypse of Peter, 160-161 and the Apocryphon of James, 169 and Authentikos logos, 304 Basilides, 356-357 in Byzantine Alexandria, 101 on celibacy, 1543 Celsus on, 479 Cerinthus on Incarnation, 1288 Clement of Alexandria on, 103, 470, 562-563 in Concept of Our Great Power, 583 and Coptic literature, 1450-1451 Coptic translation of Plato’s Republic, 1958 and Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898 Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898 and docetism, 917 Egyptian influence on, 1150 and Eugnostos the Blessed, 1068-1069 and Exegesis on the soul, 1081 Gabriel, Archangel, in literature of, 1135 Gnosis concept, 1147-1148, 1157, 1163; see also Gnosis and Gospel of Mary, 1155 and Gospel of Philip, 1155-1156 and Gospel of Thomas, 1162, 1163 and Gospel of Truth, 1163-1164 Greek and Coptic-speaking adherents, 1177 Heracleon, 1219-1220 and Homoeans and homoiousion term, 1252, 1253 and Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261 and Hypsiphrone, 1262 and Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 and Letter of Peter to Philip, 1446 link with monasticism, 1229, 1661 and liturgical music, 1732, 1735 magical spells, 1503 Marsanes, prophet, 1547 Melchizedek and, 1583-1584 in Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771-1773; see also Nag Hammadi Library On the Origin of the World scripture, 1842-1844 papyri in Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 608 and Paraphrase of Shem, 1901- 1902 Plotinus refutation of, 1982 and Second Treatise of the Great Seth, 2117-2118 Sethian, 1154, 1222, 2117-2118, 2259-2260 seven “magic vowels”, 1732, 1735 and the Sophia of Jesus Christ, 1068-1069 and Testimony of Truth, 2209-2210 and Thought of Norea, 2257 and Three Stelae of Seth, 2259-2260 and Thunder, Perfect Mind, 2260 and Treatise on the Resurrection, 2275 and Trimorphic Protennoia, 2276-2277 and Tripartite Tractate, 2277 and Valentinian Exposition, 2295-2296 and Valentinus, 157-158, 2296-2297 and Zostrianus, 2371-2372 see also Apocalypse headings; Manichaeism Gobidlaha, Dado, and Caxo, Saints, 1151-1152, 1555 Goblets, 1601-1603 God-bearer. See Theotokos Goethe, Johann, 1149 Gold dinars, 574, 575-576, 709 Goldsmiths, 1595, 1604 Gondophernes, King of Malabar, 1635 Good Friday, 1104, 1152-1153, 1252, 1904 candles, 446 and Holy Saturday, 1247-1249 lectern placement, 1435 music, 1720, 1721, 1729 Good news. See Gospel headings Gordian. See Epimachus and Gordian (martyrs) Gordianus III, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Gorst, Sir Aldon, 1466, 1627 Gospel. See Egerton Gospel; Evangeliary; Evangelist; Gospels; specific names Gospel book, 1474 Gospel casket, 1153, 1474 Gospel of the Egyptians, 1153-1154 and Gospel of Thomas, 1163 and Zostrianus, 2372 Gospel of the Hebrews, 1163, 1619 Gospel of Mary, 897, 1155 Gospel of Philip, 897, 1155-1157, 1164 and Authentikos logos, 309 and Valentinian Exposition, 2296 Gospels Arabic translations, 282, 1464 in Bohairic dialect, 2138 Gospel of Saint John, 1078, 1148 on Last Supper, 1060-1061 on the nature of Christ, 524 parchment manuscript, 1885 Gospel of Saint Luke, 1078, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1163, 2195 commentary on, 1456 Lord’s Prayer, 1480 parchment manuscript, 1885 Gospel of Saint Mark, 1078, 1157-1162, 1529, 1530-1531, 1532, 1910, 2195 commentary on, 1456 parchment manuscript, 1885 see also Secret Gospel of Saint Mark Gospel of Saint Matthew, 1078, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1163, 1544, 1881, 2195 on events of Holy Saturday, 1247 linked with Ebionites, 930 Lord’s Prayer, 1480 reading for altar consecration, 108 Gospels, synoptic, 1157, 2195 see also Gospel of Saint Luke; Gospel of Saint Matthew; Gospel of Saint Mark Gospel of Thomas, 897-898, 1162-1163, 1981, 2032 on Ebionites, 929-930 and Gospel of Mary, 1155 and Gospel of Philip, 1156 Gospel of Truth, 569, 1151, 1163-1164 in Jung Codex, 569 and Valentinus, 2297 Gothic War, 2020 Goths, conversion of, 2285 Goutinos (monk), 317 Government Egyptian provincial reforms, 2007-2009, 2022-2023 Murqus Simaykah service, 1700 pagarch system, 1871-1872 patriarchal selection approval, 1911 political parties, 1986-1996 political party leadership, 1747-1748 Rizq Agha service, 2059 Roman emperors in Egypt, 2061-2063 Roman intervention in, 2064 see also Mamluks and Copts; Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty; Political thought in modern Egypt; Roman Empire; Taxation; specific personal names, titles, and related subjects Graeco-Roman. See Greco-Roman headings Graf, Georg, 1165, 1735, 2019 Graf, Theodor, 1389 Graffin, René, 1165 Graffiti, 1165 at al-Dayr, 695 at Dayr al-Bahri, 780, 781 at Kellia, 2129 medical, 1888 Nubian, 1172 at Shams al-Din, 2126-2127 at al-Shaykh Hasan, 2129 at al-Shaykh Sa‘id, 2130 see also Inscriptions Grammars, Coptic, 34, 1266, 1268, 1302, 2148 Granite, Coptic sculpture in, 2113 Grapow, Hermann, 1165 Gratian, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Graves. See Burial rites and practices; Cemeteries; Mummification; Stela; Tombs Gravestones. See Stela; Tombs Graziani, Rodolfo, 1041, 1042 Great Britain Anglican Church in Egypt, 133 Coptic art influence in, 252 Coptic churches in, 1623-1624 Coptic collections in, 1707-1710 Coptic influences in the British Isles, 416-419 Coptic Street (London), 611-612 and Egyptian political relations, 1989- 1991 English saints, 418-419 occupation of Egypt, 1627-1628, 1637, 1693-1694, 1748 papyrus collections in, 1893-1894 see also names of specific .institutions and museums Great Doxology, 923 Great Intercessions, in Mass of the Catechumens, 1564 Great Lent, 1102, 1437 see also Lent Great Persecution (303-312), 88, 906-907, 919, 921 see also Diocletian, Emperor; Diocletian Era Great Power. See Concept of Our Great Power Great Synagogue (Tamuh), 717 Greco-Roman influence on Coptic art and architecture, 261-269, 262, 263, 264, 265 Greco-Roman Museum, Alexandria, 74, 75, 1891 Greece Coptic collections in, 1710 monasticism in, 1663 Greek accounting practices. See Accounts and accounting, history of Coptic Greek Church of Saint George, 320 Greek correspondence, 968-969 Greek culture. See Hellenism Greek deities, 1865 see also specific names Greek fathers (patristics), 1920, 1921, 1982 Greek language, 1165-1169, 1175, 1176, 1178 accounting, 53 acrostics, 1986 in Alexandria, 97 Apostles’ Creed in, 178 archives, 526 Bible manuscripts. See Bible manuscripts, Greek and Coptic legal sources, 1438 and Coptic literature, 1450-1451, 1453-1455, 1456 and Coptic music, 1731-1732 Didache manuscript, 898-899 Egyptian papyri, 1889 Egypt in late antiquity, 946 foreign influences on, 1169 Hesychius of Alexandria dictionary, 1227 influence on Demotic and Coptic languages, 1169 inscriptions in, 327-328, 1171, 1290, 1291, 1292 Isidorus of Pelusium’s letters, 1309 legends of martyrs in, 1550 Life of Paul of Thebes in, 1926 Liturgy of Saint Mark, 1539-1540 Lives of Pachomius, Saint, 1860-1861, 1862, 1863 medieval Nubian clergy use of, 1813, 1816, 1817 Mysteries of Greek Letters treatise, 1749-1750 Nonnos of Panopolis epics, 1799 papyri, 1166, 1890-1896, 1898, 1900 Physiologos, 1965-1966 post-Arab conquest use in Egypt, 189 Procopius’ works in, 2020 Psalis in, 1727 Pseudo-Macarius homilies, 2027, 2028 spread and changes in Egypt, 1165-1167 see also Alphabet, Greek; Toponymy, Coptic Greek language in Christian Nubia, 1171-1173 Greek Monastery. See Dayr al-Rumi; Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Greeks in Egypt, 1174-1178 impact on Alexandria, 97-98, 99, 100 Melchites and Copts, 1583 numerals in Coptic system, 1820-1822 philosophy, 1958 see also Hellenism Greek towns in Egypt, 413, 1179-1181 Greek transcriptions. See Appendix Green, M., 1895 Gregorian calendar. See Calendar, Gregorian Gregorios, Bishop of al-Qays, 709 Gregory, Saint. See Liturgy of Saint Gregory Gregory I (Gregory the Great), Pope (Rome), 71, 921, 1339, 1921 Gregory II, Patriarch, 1182, 2047 Gregory of Damietta, Metropolitan, 1613-1614 Gregory of Dumyat, Bishop, 926 Gregory the Illuminator, Saint and Patriarch of Armenia, 1183, 1555 Gregory of Kois, Bishop, 2092-2093 Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint, 114, 1183-1184, 1308, 1309, 1619, 1921, 2083 anaphora, 71, 124-125, 1066, 1733 on angels, 132 on Athanasius I, 298 on communicatio idiomatum, 578 consecration and translation of, 398-399 and Constantinople, First Council of, 594, 2263 and Didymus the Blind, 900 on Easter designation, 1104 encomia, 1196 and Evagrius Ponticus, 1076 on filioque, 1115 and Julian the Apostate, 1380 on Kyrie eleison, 1420 on meaning of candles, 446 and Origen, 471, 1854, 1855 patristic writings, 1921 Rufinus translations of, 2068 Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 114, 1183, 1184-1185, 2083 and the Anomoeans, 142 on celibacy, 476 collected homilies of, 1778 on communicatio idiomatum, 578 and eschatology, 973 on eucharistic divine transformation, 1058, 1059 and filioque justification, 1115 on immersion, 1286 Isidorus of Pelusium correspondence with, 1308 on orientation toward the East during prayers, 1846 patristic writings, 1921 philosophical writings, 1958 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 see also Canons of Gregory of Nyssa Gregory al-Sinawiti (the Sinaite). See Gregory II, Patriarch Gregory Thaumaturgus, 1577 Gregory Theodorus, 1848 Gregory the Theologian. See Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, 110, 1091, 1185 and Girgis Mattha, 1141 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804 on Nubian languages and literature, 1815 and Nubian mural art in churches, 1811 Griffith Institute, Oxford University, 895 Groff, William N., 1185 Grohmann, Adolf, 1185-1186, 1389 Grossmünster, Zurich, Switzerland, 1082, 1083, 1110, 2057 Guardian angel, 1186 Abbaton, 2 Gubba, Ethiopian saint, 1046 Guidi, Ignazio, 1186-1187 Guild. See Confraternity Guillaumont, Antoine, 694, 1397, 1398 Guimet, Emile Etienne, 1187, 1481 Guimet Museum, Lyons, France, 1482 H_______________________ Haase, Felix, 1189 Hawawish, al-, monasteries near, 713 Habachi, Banub, 1541 Habakkuk, 1618 Habashi, Saba, 1993 Habib Jirjis, 933, 1189, 1464, 2354 Habu, pharaonic temple of, 196 Haddad, Nicola, 1996 Hades, 1189-1190, 1900 and Holy Saturday, 1247 see also Judgment, Last Hadra of Aswan, Saint, 130, 745, 1190, 2083 see also Dayr Anba Hadra Hadra of Benhadab, Saint, 1190-1191, 1922, 2083 Hadrian, Emperor Antinoopolis founding by, 142, 1170, 1181 martyrdom of daughter, 1552 patriarch under, 1913, 1914 temples, 863 visit to Egypt, 2062, 2065, 2066 Hadrian I, Pope (Rome), 1112 Haffaz, 696 Hafiz, al-, Caliph, 1097-1098, 1099, 1128-1129 Hafn, 1528 Hafs ibn al-Walid al-Hadrami, Caliph, 1410 Hage (village), 771 Hagiographa, in Jewish canon, 2109 Hagiography, Coptic, 1191-1197, 1921 on anachoresis, 120 on Cycle of Diocletian martyrs, 153 National Library (Paris) manuscripts, 1777-1782 Synaxarion as primary source of, 2174 see also Cycle Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 235, 1041, 1042, 1197-1199, 1628, 1909, 2363 and conference of Oriental Orthodox churches, 1845-1846 and Cyril II, Patriarch, 6744 Hail Mary, 1199 Hajar Danfiq, Dayr al-Salib, 859 Hajir Idfu, 1200, 1200 see also Dayr al-Malak Makha’il (Idfu) Hakim Bi-Amr-Illah Abu ‘Ali Mansur, al-, 94, 843, 854, 1104, 1200-1203, 1517, 1524, 1525, 1776 and Abu al-‘Ala’ Fahd ibn Ibrahim, 17-18 and Abu al-Fadl ‘Isa ibn Nasturus, 18-19 and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 and Epiphany tanks, 968 Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas and, 1306 and Pbow basilica destruction, 1927, 1929 persecutions under, 1097, 1201, 2313-2314 Zacharias, Patriarch, 2367 Hakim, Tawfiq al-, 1995 Halkin, F., 1445 Hall, Henry Reginald Holland, 780, 1203, 1585 Hall, Stuart G., 1585 Hallelujah. See Alleluia Halo. See Nimbus Hamai of Kahyor, Saint (martyr), 1203-1204, 1555 Hamal. See Eucharistic bread Hamburg Papyrus, 380-381, 1204-1205, 1893 Hamidat, Al-, 1205 Hammam (Bedouin), 1538 Hammam (village), 806 Hamzah, ‘Abd al-Qadir, 1990 Handbags, 645 Hand cymbals. See Cymbals Hands, laying-on of. See Laying-on of hands Hands, washing of, 8-9, 1469 Hanna, Murqus, 1466 Hanna Herkel. See Haragli, Jean Hanna Salib Sa‘d, 1206, 1591 Haragli, Jean, 1206 Hardy, Edward R., 1206 Harit al-Rum (Old Cairo), 1206-1207, 1647, 2046 church restoration, 2315 convents, 2325 icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 293-294 patriarchal residence, 1348, 1913, 2000 Harit Zuwaylah (Old Cairo), 23, 1207-1209, 1647, 1963 and al-‘Adhra’ church, 322-323 church blessing, 404 church closures and burial prohibitions, 1128 church of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1594 convents, 2325 and flight into Egypt, 1118 icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 294 patriarchal seat and residence, 1133, 1344, 1348, 1913 Harmina, Saint, 808, 1209, 1255, 2084 Harmonics (Claudius Ptolemy), 1731 Harnack, Adolf von, 1452, 1921 Haroeris (pagan deity), 1418 Harp, 1734, 1738, 1740 Harp of the Believing Faith. See Jacob of Saruj Harraniyyah, tapestry workshops at, 2051 Harun, Apa, monastery of, 1652 Harwaj (martyr), 1555 Hasaballahb, Bishop of Shansha, 1209-1210 Hasab-Allah al-Bayadi, Mu‘allim, 722 Hasan (son of al-Hafiz), 1129 Hasan ‘Abd al-Raziq Pasha, 1987 Hasan al-‘Attar, Shaykh, 1654, 1994 Hasina. See Menas and Hasina (martyrs) Hassan ibn Thabit, 1528 Hathor (pagan deity), 816, 817, 853, 1740, 1874 Isis fusion with, 1752 temple at Dandarah, 690, 691 Hatshepsut (pagan deity), 1874 temple excavations, 227 temple of, 779, 780, 781, 786 Hatur (third month of Coptic calendar), 438, 440, 2176-2177 Hauser, Walter, 1210 Hawashi al-Safawiyyah (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal), 2076 Hawtharah, Caliph, 1411 Hawwarah, 1210-1211, 1210 Hawwariyyah, 718, 1211-1212, 1211 basilica of, 213 Hay, R., 780 Haykal. See Altar; Sanctuary Haykal, Muhammad Husayn, 1995 Haykal al-taqdimah. See Prothesis Headdress, Coptic women, 641-642 Healings in Coptic literature, 1212-1214 by laying-on of hands, 1433 see also Unction of the sick, Holy Sacrament of the Heaven, 1214 see also Paradise Heavenly Hymn, 1565 Hebbelynck, Adolphe, 1215, 1749, 1895 Hebrews. See Jews and Judaism; Old Testament Hebrews in the Furnace, in Coptic art, 388-390 Hefele, Karl Joseph, 1215 Hegel, George, 1149 Hegumenos, 1215-1216 and appointment of Theophilos I, Archbishop, 2247 archimandrite differentiation, 192, 193 in ecclesiastical hierarchy,1229, 2015 Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 and John V, Patriarch, 1340 al-Makin Jirjis, 1513 Makramallah, 1515 provost and, 2024 of Scetis, 2103 Yacobos II, Archbishop, 2349 Yusab II, Patriarch, 2363 see also Proestos Hegumenos, ordination of a, 1216 Heinkel, Dettlof, 720 Helena, Saint and Empress (mother of Constantine), 660, 1243, 1377, 1378, 1971, 1972 Helias. See Elias Helias, Bishop (martyr), 1555 Heliogabalus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Hell in Coptic theology, 974 see also Hades Hellenism Alexander Romance, 2059 Alexandria as center of, 91, 95-96, 100, 2065 and Arianism, 231 decline in Egypt, 946 and development of Alexandrian theology, 103-104, 1866 Judaism and, 1957 see also Greek headings Helwan. See Hilwan Henein Makarious. See Makaryus Hunayn Hengstenberg, Wilhelm, 1217 Henoch, 1867 Henoticon (Instrument of Unity), 1217-1218, 2370 Acacian Schism and, 43, 44, 45, 47, 55, 1671, 1672 Acephaloi opposition to, 55 Armenian church acceptance, 234 and Eutyches anathematization, 1075 John I and, 1337 Mark II and, 1534 Peter III Mongus and, 1948 Philoxenus of Mabbug and, 1962 Severus of Antioch on, 2124 and Timothy Salofaciolus, 2269 Henry I of Germany, 1572 Henry II of Germany, 1113 Henschenius, G., 56 Hephaestus (pagan deity), 1768 Heraclas, Saint and Patriarch, 1219, 2084 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 472 and conversion of Dionysius the Great, 909 dates of patriarchy, 1914 as Demetrius I successor, 893 and Origen, 1847 Heracleas and Philemon (martyrs), 1555 Heracleon, 356-357, 1151, 1219-1220 Heracleopolis Magna. See Ahnas Heracleopolis Parva, 1648 Heracles, 73 Heraclides, Saint (martyr), 1220-1221, 1555 Heraclius (general), 1938, 1940 Heraclius, Emperor acceptance of Monenergist creed, 1676 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 184 Chalcedon dogma, 837 ecthesis formula, 682, 931, 1666, 1678 fast of, 1093-1094, 1095 and liberation of the cross, 660, 1243 patriarch under, 1915 Herai, Saint, 1221 see also Ter and Erai, Saints Herais (martyr), 892 Heraiscus, 283, 1221-1222, 1868 Herakleides of Tamiathis/Dumyat, Bishop, 925 Herakleopolis. See Ahnas Hercules depicted in Coptic art, 1761, 1762 see also Amazons Herculia (Egyptian province), 905 Heresiologists, 1921 Heresy, 1222 Agnoetae, 70-71 anointing of heretics, 138-139 Apollinarianism, 173-174 Bukhisha sect on passion of Jesus, 94-95 Damian countermeasures, 688, 689 Didascalia on, 899 Dionysius the Great on, 911 docetism, 917 in Dumyat, 925 Ethiopian, 984-987, 1012-1013, 1052-1053 Eutychianism, 1075 evaluation of Arius’ beliefs, 232 on immersion and baptism, 1286 on Incarnation, 1288 Jerome, Saint, efforts against, 1323 Leo I the Great and, 1440-1442 Manichaeism, 1519-1522 Maximus, patriarch, and, 1585 Monarchianism, 1637-1638 Pelagianism, 1929-1930 in Pentapolis, 1934 Sabellianism, 911, 2072 Subordinationism, 1484 see also Arianism; Ethiopian heresies and theological controversies Hermas, 1223 and Acts of Peter and Twelve Apostles, 62-63 as apostolic father, 180 on guardian angels, 1186 on immersion and baptism, 1186 patristic writings, 1920 Hermeneutics, canonical, 2110 Hermes Trismegistus-Thoth, 284, 917, 1150, 1223-1224, 1617, 1867, 1868 Hermetic texts. See Aselepius 21-29; Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth; The Prayer of Thanksgiving Hermitage, 1224-1225 Eastern desert, 1649-1650 Gharbiyyah Province, 1652 of Isna, 1660 Jabal Tafnis, 1316-13 17 Kellia grouping, 1398-1400 Kom Namrud, 1418 Hermitage Museum. See State Hermitage Museum, Leningrad Hermitages, Theban, 1225, 1656 Hermit dress. See Costume of the religious Hermits Abraham and George of Scetis, Saints, 12-13 Abraham of Minuf, Saint, 13 Agathon, Saint, 3 Ammonius of Tunah, 114 anachoresis, 118-120 and anchorite monasticism, 129-130, 1662 al-‘Araj tombs, 189-190 Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240-241 at burning bush site, 1682 cells and chambers, 1403 Daniel, 691-692 and Dayr Abu Daraj, 1649, 697 and Dayr Abu Fanah, 698 and Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701, 703 and Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 728, 1649 and Dayr Anba Bula, 1649 and Dayr Anba Maqar, 749, 754 and Dayr al-Bakhit, 786 and Dayr Epiphanius, 800, 801, 802 and Dayr al-Jabrawi, 811 and Dayr Mar Mina (Gharbiyyah), 833 and Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 826 and Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 850 and Dayr Rifah, 855-856 and Dayr al-Sanad, as center for, 860 and Dayr al-Saqiyah as center for, 861 and Dayr Yuhannis, 883 Didymus the Blind, 900 and early British Christian converts, 417-418 income-producing work, 802 Isaiah of Scetis, 1305-1306 Ishaq, 772 and Jabal al-Silsilah region, 1656-1657 in Jabal Tafnis region, 314, 1316-1317 John Sabas, 1369 and Kharjah (great oasis), 1658 laura, 1428 lodgings, 477-478; see also Caves; Cell; Hermitage; Laura Macarius the Egyptian, 1491 at Meir, 1582-1583 monks as, 1667 Moses, 691-692 Murqus al-Antuni, 1699 Nubian, 1818 Palaemon, Saint, 1876 Palamon, 1876 Paphnutius, Saint, 1882-1883 Patasius, 1908 Paul of Tamma, Saint, 1923-1925 Paul of Thebes, 1925-1926 Phis, 1963 in Qalamun, 758 at quarries of Shaykh Hasan, 1654 Qurnat Mar‘i, 2040-2041 Rufinus history of Coptic, 2068 seven ascetics of Tunah, 2122 in Suhaj area, 76 1-762 Timotheus, Saint, 2262-2263 women as, 1663 see also Anchorite; Caves; Cell; Reclusion Hermolaus, 1882 Hermonthis. See Armant Hermopolis Magna. See Ashmunayn, al- Hermopolis Mikra (the Lower). See Damanhur Hermopolis Parva. See Damanhur Herod, King, 533, 1117, 1395 Herodotus, 1165, 1166, 1174, 1686 Herpaese and Julianus, Saints, 1225-1226 Hesychia, 1662 Hesychian Bible, 1226 Hesychius (monk of Saint Sabas), 2046 Hesychius, Bishop, 1226 and Egyptian Bible text, 382, 1226 Hesychius of Alexandria, 1226-1227 Heuser, Gustav, 1227, 2022 Hexameron (Pseudo-Epiphanius of Cyprus), collection of, 1782 Hexapla and Tetrapla (Origen), 1227-1228, 1848, 1852, 1853 Hibat-Allah ‘Abd-Allah ibn Sa‘id al-Dawlah al-Qibti, 1228 Hibat-Allah ibn ‘Assal, Al-. See Awlad al-‘Assal Hickmann, Hans, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1739, 1740, 1741-1742, 1743 Hides and skins preservation of, 280 see also Leatherwork, Coptic Hieracas of Leontopolis, 1228-1229 and authorship of Testimony of Truth, 2210 possible Coptic texts of, 1451 Hierakion, camp of. See Dayr al-Jabrawi Hierarchy, church, 1229-1230, 2015-2016 see also specific titles Hieroglyphs Coptic language used to decipher, 614 see also Rosetta Stone High Council. See Consultative Council Higher Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, 1993 Higher Institute of Coptic Studies (Cairo), 563, 933, 1230, 1629-1630, 2091 and the Clerical College, 564 music department, 1737 and Yassa ‘Abd al-Masih, 2353 Hijab. See Iconostasis Hijabs (amulets), Nubian, 1814 Hijazah Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Qus) near, 711, 1657 pilgrimages to, 1972 Hilaria (martyr), 1552, 1555 Hilaria, Saint, 749, 1230-1231, 2084 Hilarion (eunuch). See Hilaria, Saint Hilarion, Saint (fourth-century monk), 1232, 1664, 2084 Hilarius, Pope, 1441 Hilary, Bishop of Arles, 1440, 1921 Hilwan, 708, 1232-1235, 1233, 1234, 1303 Hinnis, Abu. See Dayr Abu Hinnis Hintze, F., 1893 Hippolytus (Roman presbyter), 1235-1236, 1637 on baptism, 182 on Nativity, 1102 and Origen, 470-471 patristic writings, 1921 see also Apostolic Tradition; Canons of Hippolytus Hippolytus (Sethian), 1902 Hisab-dobia. See Accounts and accounting; Bookkeeping Hisbah, 1236-1237 Hishah, Caliph, 87 Hisn, 1237 Historia Augusta, 1961 Historia ecelesiastica (Eusebius), 8, 84, 911, 1070-1071, 1323, 1455, 1530, 1920 Sozomen continuation of, 2145 Theodoret continuation of, 2236 see also Eusebius of Caesarea Historia ecciesiastica (Rufinus translation), 2068 Historia lausiaca (Palladius), 3, 88, 894, 1238, 1876, 1877, 1878 on Antinoopolis, 144 on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 on monasteries for women, 1663 on Paul the Simple, 1923 Historia monachorum in Aegypto, 330, 894, 1237-1238 on Ammonas, Saint, 113 on Ammonius, 114 on anchorites at Achoris, 2261 and Bawit and, 362 on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 hegumenos title in, 1215 and Isaac, Disciple of Apollo, 1304 on John of Lycopolis, 809, 1238, 1363, 1364 on Macarius Alexandrinus, 1490 on Paphnutius, 1884 on Paul the Simple, 1923 on proliferation of monks, 1662 Rufinus and, 2069 Historians Abrim al-Qibti, Anba, 14 Abu al-Fakhr al-Masihi, 19 Abu al-Makarim, 23 Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib, 33 Chronicon orientale, 548 Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071 History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241 Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id, 1265-1266 Isidhurus, 1307 Josephus Flavius, 1375-1376 al-Makin, ibn al-‘Amid, 1513 Manassa Yuhanna, 1518 al-Maqrizi, Taqiy al-Din, 1525 Mawhub ibn Mansur ibn Mufarrij al-Iskandarani, 1573-1574 Mikha’il Sharubim, 1630, 1631 Neale, John Mason, 1784-1785 Neander, Johann August Wilhelm, 1784-1785 Olympiodorus of Thebes, 1840 Palladius, 1876-1877 papyrology, 1888-1889 Philostorgius, 1958-1959 Procopius, 2019-2020 Puech, Henri-Charles, 2032-2033 Remondon, Roger, 2057 Rufinus, 2068-2069 Socrates, 2142 Sozomen, 2145 al-Suqa‘i Fadl Allah ibn Fakhr, 2160 Theodoret, 2236 theological literature, 1920-1921 Ya‘qub Nakhlah Rufaylah, 2353 Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364-2365 Historiography. See Art, historiography of Coptic History of Churches and Monasteries. See Abu al-Makarim History of the Church (Sozomen), 666, 1455, 2145 History of the Coptic Nation, 1466 History of the Coptic Patriarchs. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria History of the Holy Eastern Church (Neale), 1784 History of Joseph the Carpenter, 1136, 1372-1373 Coptic version, 1372-1373 The History of the Copts under the Domination of the Turk and Abyssinian Emperors (Yusuf Abu Daqn), 2364 History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241, 2101 on Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, 10, 11 on Anastasius, 125, 126 on Andronicus, 131 on Asyut, 296-297 on Athanasius II, 302 on Athanasius III, 303 authorship, 1239-1241, 1460, 1461, 1573-1574 and Bagham Ibn Baqurah al-Sawwaf, 329 and Barbish, 349 and Bashmur, 349 and Benjamin II, 377-378 on bishops from al-Farama, 1089 on Bucalis, 134 and Burah, 425 and Bush, 427 on censer and incense use, 1471 and churches at Babylon, 323 on the Crusades, 664-665 on Damallu, 686 Damian discourse on the Logos in, 689 Damru mention, 689, 690 on Dan’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1002 Daqahlah mention, 693 on Dayr Anba Shinudah, 762, 764 on Dayr Apa Anub, 770 on Dayr al-‘Asal, 782 on Dayr al-Fakhuri, 802 on Dayr Mart Maryam, 835 on Dayr al-Muharraq, 840 on Dayr Nahya, 843 on Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 on Demetrius I, 892 and Dionysius the Great, 909, 911 on Dioscorus I, 915 on Enaton monasteries, 956 on Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint, 965-966 on Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1002-1003 on flight into Egypt, 842 on Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 on Giyorgis II, Ethiopian prelate, 1008-1009 on Hilwan, 1232 on icons, 1278 on Idku, 1280 on Isaac the Deacon, 1304 on John I, 1337 on John III, 808 on John IV, 1338 on John V, 1340 on John IX, 1344 on John X, 1344 on John XI, 1344 on John XII, 1346 on John XIV, 1347 on John XVII, 1349 on John XVIII, 1350 on John of Nikiou, Bishop, 1366-1367 on Julian the Apostate, 1382 on the Kellia, 1397-1398 on Macarius II, 1487, 1488 on Marwan II, 695-696 on Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006-1007 on Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007- 1008 on miracles, 707 on monasteries, 698 in National Library (Paris), 1781 on Origen, 1851 on patrology, 1921 on persecutions under Mamluks, 1343 on Peter VII, 1950 and Qurrah, 358-359 on relics of John the Baptist, 1355 on Sawiros, Ethiopian prelate, 1005-1006 on Scetis monasteries, 782 on Tall Atrib, 2200 on Tamnuh, 2201 and Tanbida, 2201 on Theodorus, Patriarch, 2237 on Theophanes, Patriarch, 2247 on Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001 and Yuhanna, 2356 History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria Hiw, 1242-1243 Dayr Mar Mina, 833-834 and toponymy, Coptic, 2272 Hizb al-Ahrar al-Dusturiyyin. See Liberal Constitutional Party Hizb al-Dimuqrati al-Misri, al. See Egyptian Democratic Party Hizb al-Hay’ah al-Sa‘Diyyah. See Sa‘dist Party Hizb al-Islah ‘Ala al-Mabadi’ al-Dustruriyyah. See Reform Party on Constitutional Principles Hizb al-Ittihad. See Union Party Hizb al-Misri, al-. See Egyptian Party Hizb al-Sha‘b. See People’s Party Hizb al-Ummah. See Nation’s party Hizb al-Watani. See Nationalist Party Hiziqyal. See Ezekiel (Hiziqyal) (monk) The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. See Gospel of the Egyptians The Holy City, on Dayr al-Sultan, 872 Holy Communion. See Communion; Eucharist Holy Cross Day, 1243-1244 Holy Ghost. See Holy Spirit Holy Horseman, as Christian subject in Coptic art, 538 Holy Land custody of, 1122 pilgrims’ assistance agency, 2049 Saladin’s reconquest of, 1536 see also Crusades, Copts and the: Jerusalem, Coptic See of; Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine; Palestine Holy Land, Coptic churches in the, 1244-1247 see also Jerusalem, Coptic See of Holy Light. See Apparition of the Holy Light Holy Matrimony. See Marriage Holy Mother. See Theotokos; Virgin Mary; Virgin Mary, Apparition of the Holy Myron. See Chrism Holy Oil. See Chrism Holy Roman Emperors, 1572 Holy Saturday, 1247-1249 Holy Sepulcher and Coptic Good Friday celebration, 1153 reopened for pilgrimages (1426), 1130 Holy Spirit, 1437, 1446, 2028 Arianism on, 230 confirmation to receive, 585-586 descent on the disciples, 1105-1106, 1529 epiclesis, 964, 1566-1567 filioque controversy, 1112-1116 gnosticism on, 2256 and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433 theological homilies on, 1183, 1184 Holy Spirit, Coptic doctrine of the, 1249-1250 Holy Synod. See Synod, Holy Holy Thursday. See Maundy Thursday Holy Trinity. See Trinitarianism; Trinity Holy Week, 1095, 1102, 1103-1104, 1251-1252, 1904 fasting, 1152 footwashing, 1107-1108, 1426-1427 and genuflection, 1139 Kiss of Peace prohibition during, 1416 lectern placement, 1435 lectionary for, 1437 Lord’s Prayer during, 1481 music for, 1715, 1721 patriarchal residence, 1912 use of ambo during, 111 see also Easter; Good Friday; Holy Saturday; Maundy Thursday; Palm Sunday; Resurrection Homer, 1889 Homiletic cycles, 666-668 Homilies of Amphilochius of Iconium, 115-116 of Andrew of Crete, 130-131 of Demetrius of Antioch, 894 on flight into Egypt, 669-670 Gnostic Christian, 898 of Gregory of Nazianzus, 1183, 1184 Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 of Jacob of Saruj, 1319, 1781, 1738 of John Chrysostom, 352, 1135, 1778, 1779, 2053, 2054 manuscripts in National Library, Paris, 1778 of Origen, 1847, 1852-1853 of Peter I, 1945-1946 of Proclus, 1356, 1454, 2017-2018 Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria, 681, 2025-2026 Pseudo-Macarius, 2027-2028 al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal works on, 276 on Saint Luke’s Gospel (Origen), 1847 of Severian of Jabalah, 2122-2123 of Theophilus, Patriarch, 2252 see also Cycle; Encomia; Literature, Coptic; Manuscripts Homoeans, 1252-1253, 2119 Homoiousion, 84, 127, 141, 1253, 1677, 2096 adopted by semi-Arians, 2119 Homoousion, 84, 127, 141, 1070, 1253-1254, 1575, 1677 Athanasius I and, 298 and Constantine I and, 590 Marcellus support, 1526 Nicaea, Council of, on, 590, 1791 in Nicene Creed, 1792, 1793 Origen on, 1849 Honorius, Emperor, 789-790, 891 Honorius I, Pope (Rome), 1666, 1667, 1679 Hopfner, T., 1891 Hop of Tukh, Apa and Saint, 1254, 2084 Hor, 1254 Hor, Apa (martyr), 722, 1553, 1555, 1974, 1975 Hor, Apa and Saint, 1255, 2084 Hor of Abrahat, Saint, 771, 1255, 1963, 2084 Horapollon, 1255-1256 and Asclepiades, 283 and Chairemon of Alexandria, 512 and Hellenization, 1168 Heraiscus relationship, 1221-1222 Horizontal loom, 2215 Hormisdas, Pope (Rome), and Acacian schism, 45, 46, 47, 1383 Homer, George W., 1257 Horologion. See Canonical hours, Book of Horseman depicted in Coptic embroidery, 2223 depicted on ornamental comb, 2337 Parthian, depiction in Coptic art, 538, 1259 terra-cotta, 503 woodwork, 2340 Horseshoe arch, 211 Horsiesios, Saint, 32, 1257, 1448, 1664, 1861, 1862, 1864, 2084 Coptic texts of, 1451-1452 as desert father, 894 and Pachomius, 1257, 2240 papyrus collection of letters, 1894 and Pbow, 1927 and Petronius, 1952, 2240 and Pisentius of Hermonthis, 1978 and Theodorus of Alexandria as interpreter, 2238 and Theodorus of Tabennese, 2240 Horus (pagan deity), 134, 243, 244, 281, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1590, 1752 depicted in Coptic art, 1259, 1761-1762 and iconography of George, Saint, 248-249 iconography of, 248-249, 249 linked with Damanhur (town), 686 temples built to, 262 Hosanna, 1258 Hosius, Bishop of Cordova, 83, 84 Hos (song of praise), 63, 1725-1726, 1725, 1727, 1729, 1732, 2255, 2321 Hulwan, 1653 Humbert of Silva Candida, 1113 Hunayn, Ibrahim, 1466 Hunayn ibn Ishaq, 1922 Hungary, Coptic collections, 1710 Hunting in Coptic art, 1258-1259 Huntington, Robert, 791, 1260, 1977 Husayn, Taha, 1995, 1996 Husein Kamil, Sultan, 1694 Hussein, King of Jordan, 873, 874 Hydraulis (water organ), 1740 Hymn of Golgotha, 1152 “The Hymn of the Angels” (Great Doxology), 923 Hymns Arian, 1733 canonical hours, 1724 cantors and, 137-138 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909, 1910 Difnar, 1728 doxologies, 923, 1727-1728 influences on Coptic, 1731-1732 instruments accompanying, 1739 lobsh, 1479 Mass of the Faithful, 1565-1566 Psalis, 1726, 1727, 1728 Psalmodia, 448, 1725, 2024 Theotokion, 1724, 1726, 1727, 2254-2255 Trisagion, 2278 the Twelve Virtues, 2310 unpublished manuscripts, 1986 Waham, 2323 Hymns, authors of. See Music, Coptic Hymn of the Savior (Clement of Alexandria), 1732 Hypatia (philosopher), 100, 1308, 1870, 2192 Hypostasis, 1106, 1260, 1575 and hypostatic union, 1262 and Incarnation, 1287 Nicene Creed definition of, 300 Origen on, 1848 Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261 and On the Origin of the World, 1842- 1844 Hypostatic union, 1262 Hypotyposeis (Theognostus), 911 Hypsiphrone, 1262 Hyvernat, Henri Eugène Xavier Louis, 1263, 1448 I_______________________ IAC. See International Association for Coptic Studies Iamblichus, 1265 Iao Sabaoth Adonial Elio, 1503 Ibas (Antiochene teologians), 1672 Ibas of Edessa, 515 Ibn Abi Usaybi‘ah, 1525 Ibn Abu al-Fada’il ibn Farij, 710 Ibn al-‘Amid. See Makin, ibn al ‘Amid al- Ibn al-‘Assal. See Safi ibn al-‘Assal, al- Ibn al-Batriq, ‘Isa. See Ibn al-Bitriq, ‘Isa Ibn al-Batriq, Sa‘id. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id Ibn al-Bishr al-Katib. See Mufaddal ibn Majid ibn al-Bishr, al- Ibn al-Bitriq, ‘Isa, 1265, 1266 Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id (Eutychius), 1265-1266, 1460 and Book of Epact, 410 on Church of Saint Michael, 1617 and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595 on Nubian evangelization, 1801-1802 on patriarchal election, 1911 on patriarchal seat, 1912 Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘ and, 2101 Ibn al-Dahiri, Bishop of Damietta, 1266 Ibn al-Habhab, Viceroy, 87 Ibn al-Hamid, 711 Ibn Hawqal, 1266, 1271 on ‘Alwa, 110 and Babij, 317 and Bashmur, 349 and Beja tribes, 373 on medieval Nubia, 1804 Ibn al-‘Ibri. See Bar Hebraeus Ibn Kabar, 20, 21, 1267-1268, 1272, 1273 on Agathon of Homs, 67-68 and Barlam and Yuwasaf, 346 and Butrus Sawirus al-Jamil, 431 on canon law, 450 on Canons of Epiphanius, 456-457 on Canons of Hippolytus, 458 on Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 460 on the Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 on Dayr Mar Jirjis, 831 on Dayr Shahran, 862 on feasts of the Virgin Mary, 2256 on Gregory of Nyssa, 457 on ingredients of holy chrism, 521-522 and Jirjis ibn al-Qass Abi al-Mufaddal, 1332 and mysticism, 908-909 on Pseudo-Macarius homilies, 2028 and tafsir, 2198 works of, 1463-1464 on Yuhanna ibn Sawirus, 2357 and Yusab, Bishop (thirteenth century), 2359 See also Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar) Ibn Katib Qaysar, 1266, 1268 commentary on Revelation in Paris, 1777 Ibn Khalduin, on Makouria, 1514-1515 Ibn Laqlaq. See Cyril III ibn Laqlaq Ibn Mammati, works by, 1461- 1461 Ibn Mammati dynasty, 1268-1269 Ibn Nafra, Bishop, consecrated at Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 Ibn Nuh. See ‘Abd al-Masih, known as Ibn Nuh Ibn Qanna (monk), 1097 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, 1269-1270 Ibn al-Rahib, 1513 Ibn Raja’, 1959-1960 Ibn Sabba’, collected encyclopedias of, 1779 Ibn al-Sa’igh (“son of the goldsmith”), 1270-1271 Ibn Salim al-Aswani, 344, 1266, 1271-1272 on ‘Alwa, 110 and Batn al-Hajar, 361-362 and Beja tribes, 373 on Greek language use by Nubian clergy, 1813 and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 on Makouria, 921-922, 1514 on medieval Nubia, 1804 on Menarti, 1587-1588 on Nobatia, 1798 on Nubian languages and literature, 1815 on Soba, 2141 Ibn Siba‘, Yuhanna ibn Abi Zakariyya, 1272, 1464 Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, 1269 Ibn Tulun, Ahmad, Caliph, 1412-1413, 2280-2281 Ibn Tulun, Khumarawayh, 1413 Ibrahim (son of Prophet Muhammad), 1528 Ibrahim, Jindi, 1465, 2010 Ibrahim Bey, 1274, 1411, 1688 Ibrahim ibn ‘Awn, the Nestorian, 1273, 1779 Ibrahim ibn ‘Isa, 1273 Ibrahim ibn Sim‘an, 1515 Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273 Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1274, 1313, 1688 building start, 1538-1539 and Dayr Anba Antuniyus renovation, 720 and Dayr Anba Maqar reconstruction, 753, 1121 and Harit Zuwaylah chapel, 1208 and Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1332 and the Mamluks, 1857 Ibrahim al-Kurdi, 1536 Ibrahim al-Nasikh (icon painter), 1278, 1279 Ibrahim Pasha, 1141, 1248, 1950 Ibrahim al-Suryani (alias Abram), 1134 Ibrahim al-Tukhi. See John XVI Ibrim. See Qasr Ibrim Ibscher, Hugo, 1274-1275 Ibtu, 1275 Ibyar, 833 Iconoclasm, 1275-1276, 1277 Astasi al-Rumi icon production during controversy, 293 Cyril IV, Patriarch, and, 1278 role of Ethiopia, 984-985 Iconography of Astasi al-Rumi (Eustathius the Greek), 293-294 and dating of artifacts, 694 figurines, 500-502 and hunting theme in Coptic art, 1259 of Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1532 metalwork, 1606-1607 of resist-dyed textiles, 2227-2230, 2228-2230 under Mark III patriarchy, 1536 of woven textiles, 2221-2227, 2222-2227 see also Art and architecture, Coptic; Biblical subjects in Coptic art; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Christ, Triumph of; Icons; Mythological subjects in Coptic art; Symbols in Coptic art Iconography, Greco-Roman. See Art survivals from ancient Egypt Iconostasis, 211-212 at Bawit, 364-366 and candelabrum, 1469 of Church of Saints Sergius and Wachas (Alexandria), 94 Icons, Coptic, 1276-1279, 1277-1279 at Bawit, 368-371 at Dayr Anba Bula, 743-744 and Good Friday service, 1152 Iconoclastic controversy, 1275-1276 of Menas, Saint, 1588-1589 of Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint, 1593-1594 of Virgin Mary, 2309 see also Figurines Ideler, Julius Ludwig, 1280 Idfa, 762, 1280 Idfu monasteries near, 825, 1657 monastery libraries, 1449 Panine and Paneu martyrdom near, 1880 pharaonic-style temples at, 196, 1865 tombstone material, 1295 Idiolect. See Appendix Idiophones, 1739-1740, 1739, 1740 Idku, 1280-1281 Ignatius of Antioch, Saint and Bishop, 1281-1282, 1555, 1980 as apostolic father, 180 on Communicatio idiomatum, 578 on consubstantiation, 597 on the Eucharist, 1057 on feasts, 1101 on Incarnation, 1287 on the offertory, 1824 and origin of antiphonal chanting, 148 patristic writings, 1920 and Polycarp, 1997 on priesthood, 2016 Ignatius IX, Patriarch of the Syrians, 1131 Ihnasiyyah al-Madinah. See Ahnas Ikhnaway al-Zallaqah, 1652 Ikhshids. See Tulunids and Ikhshids, Copts under the Iliad (Homer), 1889 Illness. See Communion of the sick; Healings in Coptic literature; Medicine; Unction of the sick Illumination, Coptic, 267-268, 277-278, 1282-1284, 1282-1284 Abu al-Muna manuscripts, 29 Adoration of the Magi depiction, 527 baptism of Jesus depiction, 530 influence on Irish manuscripts, 252-253 see also Christian subjects in Coptic art Ilyas Buqtur, 1284-1285 Images, religious. See Icons, Coptic; Iconoclasm Imhotep (pagan deity), 1874 Immaculate Conception, 1285 Immersion, 1285-1286 Imperial cult. See Persecutions Imperial Library of Vienna (Austria), 2049 ‘Inan, Muhammad ‘Abdallah, 1996 ‘Inani, ‘Ali al-, 1996 Incarnation, 6, 1287-1290 Damian on, 689 and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136 Origen on, 1849-1850 Proclus homily on, 2017 al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal on, 2077, 2078 Incense, 1290, 1469-1472, 2013 censers, 1599, 1599-1601, 1600 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909 and Holy Saturday, 1249 and Lord’s Prayer, 1481 music for offerings of, 1715-1729, 1739 for spells, 1500, 1504, 1507 Incense box, 1474 Incident of the Churches. See Waq‘at al-Kana’is India, Coptic missionaries in, 892, 1635-1636, 1881 Infant baptism. See Baptism Inheritance. See Wills and inheritance In Honor of Longinus (Basil of Oxyrhynchus), 360 In Isaiam I (Demetrius of Antioch), 894 Innocent I, Pope (Rome), 1930, 2247 Innocent III, Pope (Rome), 1635 Innocentius of Maronia, 1674 Insanity. See Madness Inscriptions, 257, 1290-1296 at al-Bagawat, 328-329 on Gospel caskets, 1153 gravestone formulas, 1294-1295 in Greek language, 1171, 1290 icon, 1279 of the Kellia, 1407-1408 Nubian medieval, 1814-1815 of Roman visitors to Egypt, 2066 at al-Shaykh Hasan, 2129 see also Graffiti Installatio of the Archangel Gabriel, 1136 Installatio Michaelis Archangeli, 1136 Institut catholique, 925 Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, Claremont, California, and the Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771 Institute of Christian Oriental Research, Washington, D.C., 1896 Institute of Coptic Studies, at Anba Ruways Monastery, 129 Institute for Papyrology, Heidelberg, Germany, 1893 Institute of Religious and Ecclesiastical Art, Utrecht, 1620 Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire, 843, 924, 927, 1398, 1419, 1452, 1516, 1561 Coptic-language printing press, 1302 papyrus collection, 1892 Sauneron, Serge, 2100 Instruments, liturgical, 1595-1596 Instruments, medical, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1605 Instruments, musical, 1604-1605, 1605, 1733, 1734, 1738-1739 Intaglios, 1509 Intercession for the dormant, 889 icon formula of, 1279 tubh for litany of, 2279 and use of candles, 446 Interdict, 1299, 1931 ancient correspondence on, 401 and audientia episcopalis, 308 Interlacing motifs (art), 251-253 International Association for Coptic Studies (IAC), 1299-1300, 1890 International Congresses of Coptic Studies, 1300-1301 Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 Intersected cross, 252 Invocation of the Holy Spirit. See Epiclesis Ioulei, Apa, 824 loule and Pteleme (martyrs), 1555 lovia (Egyptian province), 905 Iqamat al-Hujjah al-Bahirah ‘ala Hadm Kana’is Misr wa-al- Qahirah (“Presentation of the Clear Proof for the Necessary Destruction of the Churches of Old and New Cairo”), 687 ‘Iqd al-Madhbah. See Architectural elements of churches Iqladiyus Labib, 1302 and printing of Bohairic-Coptic Bible, 564 Ira’i. See Ter and Erai, Saints Iraq, Coptic churches in, 1621 Ireland art, Coptic influence on, 251-254, 418-419 Coptic influence in, 416-419 Coptic monks in, 253-254 Irish harp, 1734, 1740 monasticism, 253, 417-418 papyrus collection, 1894 saints, 418 Irenaeus, 917, 2157 on the Carpocratian sect, 460-461 on genuflection, 1139 on the Gospels, 1158, 1159, 1164 on Nativity, 1102 patristic writings, 1921 on Polycarp, 1997 Irenaeus of Scetis, Saint, 2084 Irene. See Eirene (martyr) Irene, Empress, 1275 Irish art, 251-254, 418-419 Irish harp, 1734, 1740 Irrigation aqueducts, Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 709 ‘Iryan Jirjis Muftah, 1302-1303, 1737, 1962 Isaac (hermit), 772 Isaac (Old Testament) depiction in Coptic art, 382-383, 726, 727, 778-779, 793 Isaac, Coptic Testament of. See Coptic Testament of Isaac Isaac, disciple of Apollo, 1304 Isaac, Patriarch, 12, 427, 1303, 2084 Coptic texts on, 1456 dates of patriarchy, 1915 and Dayr Matra, 837 disciples of, 13 and Hilwan, 1233 and John of Nikiou, 1366 Isaac, Saint (Kellia), 1304, 1397, 2084 Isaac of al-Aqlali. See Isaac, Saint (Kellia) Isaac the Deacon, 1304 Isaac al-Difrawi (martyr), 806 Isaac of Hurin, Saint, 1972, 2084 Isaac of Panopolis (painter), 804 Isaac the Presbyter, Saint, 2084 Isaac of al-Qalali. See Isaac, Saint Isaac of Qalamun, 1304, 1455 Isaac of Scetis, Saint, 2084 Isaac of Shamma (martyr), 1555 Isaac of Tiphre, Saint, 1304-1305, 1555 Isaiah, 22 Ascension of, 166 Isaiah the Hermit. See Isaiah of Scetis, Saint Isaiah of Scetis, Saint (Isaiah the Hermit), 795, 1304, 1305-1306, 2084 Isaiah the Solitary. See Isaiah of Scetis, Saint ‘Isa ibn Nasturus, 1097 ‘Isa ibn Zur‘ah, collected works of, 1779 Ischurion (soldier-martyr), 1964 Ischyras, Bishop, 1527 Ishaq, Adib, 1994, 1995 Ishaq, Apa. See Isaac (hermit) Ishaq al-Hurini, Saint. See Isaac of Hurin, Saint Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas, 1306 as grandson of Nastas ibn Jurayj, 1775-1776 wine prescription, 1524-1525 Ishaq al-Mu’taman ibn al-‘Assal, on Coptic liturgical music, 1735 Ishkirun, Saint, relic of, 758-759 Ishnin al-Nasara, 1653, 1972 Ishshid Muhammad ibn Tughj, and Epiphany celebration, 1103 Isidhurus, Bishop and Abbot, 1307 Isidhurus (monk), 1120 Isidore of Takinash, 1089 Isidorus, Saint (Isidore of Antioch), 1307, 1555 Isidorus and Bandilaus (martyrs), 1555 Isidorus the Confessor, 686, 817 Isidorus of Hermopolis, Saint, 2084 Isidorus of Pelusium, Saint, 1089, 1308-1310, 2084 and archimandrite title, 193 on Isidorus of Scetis, Saint, 1310 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2249-2250 Isidorus of Scetis, Saint, 114, 1310, 1427, 2084 Isidorus of Takinash (martyr), 1555 Isis (pagan deity), 134, 243, 244, 281, 863, 1292, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1752, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1870, 1874 Abusir Bana and, 36 cult and temple at Philae, 265, 1954 destruction of shrine to, 1608, 1609 iconography of, 259, 531 Nubian worship of, 1801 nursing Horus. See Isis lactans Isis lactans, 243, 244, 281, 531 Iskandar, Najib, 1993 Iskandariyyah, al-, 90, 92 Iskarus, Tawfiq, 1466 Iskhiron, Saint, 1972 Iskhirun, Abu, 735 Islam Abraam I, Saint, relations with, 10 Ahl al-Dhimmah designation, 72-73 bans on Coptic pilgrimages, 1538 Christian apologetic literature in reaction to, 5 and Christian encounters under Mamluks, 2317 consort of Prophet Muhammad, 1528 Copt conversions under Kha’il I, 1411 Coptic conversions during Peter V patriarchy, 1949 Coptic conversions under Umayyad administration, 2288-2289 Coptic historical work, 1525 and Coptic monuments, 693-694 and Coptic press, 2010-2012 and Egyptian nationalist movement, 1987-1988, 1989 and Egyptian national unity, 950-951 and Egyptian religious reform movement, 1995-1996 and Epiphany celebration, 1103 Ethiopian prelate conversion to, 1028-1030 expansion in Egypt, 936-941 Fatimid-Coptic relations, 1097- 1099 French relationships, 1417, 1591 hisbah concept, 1236-1237 influences on Coptic art, 1310-1312 Jirji al-Sim‘ani debate with, 1331-1332 and jizyah tax, 1336 and kharaj tax, 1413-1414 law commentary, 1269-1270 martyrs recanting from, 1570 Nubian conversion to, 1802-1804 opposition to images of living things, 1276 and pagarch office, 1871 persecution of Copts (thirteenth-century), 1267, 1268, 1343 persecution of Copts (fourteenth-century), 750, 1343-1344, 1949, 2313-2316 persecution of Copts (15th-century), 1129, 1130 and personal status laws, 1941-1943 Qus settlements, 2044 scholarship, 687, 1695-1696 societal influence on Coptic family, 1087 Waq‘at al-Kana’is (Incident of the Churches), 2313-2316 Waq‘at al-Nasara (Christian encounter), 2316-2319 see also Pan-Islamism; Umayyads, Copts under the Islamic Benevolent Society, 1993 Islamic influences on Coptic art, 1310-1312 Islamic law, 951, 1269-1270 Islam and the Principles of Government (al-Raziq), 1996 Island of Michael, 1588 Island of Philae. See Philae Isma‘il, Khedive, 1637, 1693 see also Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty Isma‘iliyyah Coptic Catholic church, 1123 Franciscan church, 1123 Isna, 1312 ceramics of, 480, 487, 489 church dedicated to Gabriel, Archangel, 1137 hermit cells at, 477 inscriptions found at, 764, 1291, 1293 martyrs at, 866, 868, 870 monasteries near, 772, 856, 866-870, 1656, 1657 monastic paintings at, 1660 mural paintings at, 1872, 1873 pharaonic-style temples at, 1865 pilgrimages to, 1972 stelae from, 2149, 2151 tombstone material and shape, 1295 Israel, State of Coptic collections, 1710 and status of Dayr al-Sultan, 874 see also Holy land; Jerusalem, Coptic See of Issac of Nineveh, collected works of, 1778, 1779 Istifham Ba‘d al-Istibham, al-, 1312- 1313 Italy Coptic collections, 1710-1711 intervention in Ethiopia, 1041-1044, 1198 papyrus collections, 1894-1895 see also Rome Itfih, 1313 mosque-building, 685 prosopography of, 2022 Ivory and bone carving, Coptic, 405-407, 406, 407 Iyyasus Mo’a, Ethiopian saint, 1048-1049 ‘Izbat al-Aqbat, 808 ‘Izbat Dayr al-Hadid, 805 ‘Izbawiyyah, pilgrimages to, 1972 J_______________________ Jabal Abu Dukhkhan, 1650 Jabal Abu Fudah, 717, 834, 853 Jabal ‘Adda, 1315, 2037 Dotawo documents, 922-923 Nobatian eparchal residence at, 1798 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1805 Jabal al-Ahmar, al-, 2000 Jabal Bishwaw. See Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah) Jabal Jarad, 1659 Jabal al-Kaff. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut) Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1315-1316 Jabal Musa. See Mount Sinai Jabal Qattar, 1650 Jabal Qusqam. See Pilgrimages Jabal al-Silsilah, 1316, 1656-1657 Jabal Tafnis, hermitages of, 314, 1316- 1317 Jabal al-Tarif (Nag Hammadi), 1317, 1657, 1771 Jabal al-Tayr (Khargah), 1317, 1658 Astasi al-Rumi icons at, 293-294 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ near, 715, 715 pilgrimages to, 1969 Jabal al-Tayr (Samalut). See Pilgrimages Jablonski, Paul Ernst, 1318, 1424, 2107 Jacob (Old Testament), 845, 1137, 1186, 1618 see also Testament of Jacob Jacob, Saint and Patriarch, 1318, 2084 dates of patriarchy, 1916 and Simon II, 2139 Yuhanna as biographer, 2356 Jacob, Bishop of Memphis, 1587 Jacob Baradaeus, 1318-1319 consecration by Theodosius I, 1675, 2241 and Damian, 589, 688 death site, 1650 and monophysitism in Syrian and Mesopotamian chuches, 1675, 1676 and Paul the Black, 1923 and Theodora, Empress, 1319, 1386, 1675, 2235 Jacobites conflict with Melchites in Alexandria, 93-94 al-Istifham ba‘d al-Istibham addressed to, 1312 see also Jacob Baradaeus; Monophysitism; Syrian Orthodox church Jacob of Saruj, 1319-1320, 1727, 1781, 1783 Jacob the Sawn. See James Intercisus Jacob the Soldier. See James of Amadjudj (martyr) Jadal bayn al-Mukhalif-waal-Nasrani, al- (Eutychius), 1460 Jaffa. See Holy Land Jahshiyari, Abu ‘Abd Allah, al-, 1320 Jakob, Apa (Dayr Apa Phoibammon), 780-781 Jama. See Memnonia Jamal al-Din (Mamluk amir), 1570 James, Apostle and Saint Apocryphon of, 169-170, 569 apostolic see, 181 and Gloria in excelsis, 1147 and the Transfiguration, 1108-1109 see also Apocalypse of James, First and Second James, Saint (James the Ascetic), 1320-1321, 2084 James of Amadjudj (martyr), 1555 James of Antioch, Saint, 2084 James Bar ‘Adai. See Jacob Baradaeus James Intercisus, Saint (martyr), 324, 1321, 1556 James (Jacob) and John (martyrs), 1555 James the Persian. See James Intercisus, Saint (martyr) James of Saruj. See Jacob of Saruj James of Scetis, Saint, 1321-1322, 2084 Jam‘iyyah Asdiqa‘ al-Kitab al-Muqaddas. See Friends of the Bible, Society of the Jam‘iyyah al-Islah al-Qibti. See Coptic Reform Society Jam‘iyyah al-Khayriyyah (Coptic Benevolent Society), 374, 1693 Jam‘iyyat Asdiqa’ al-Kitab al-Muqaddas, 374-375 Jam‘iyyat al-Ikhlas, 375 Jam‘iyyat al-Nash’ah al-Qibtiyyah, 374 Jam‘iyyat Thamarat al-Tawfiq, 375 Jamma, al-. See Madinat Habu; Memnonia Jamoul (martyr), 1556 Jamu. See Memnonia Japan, Coptic collections in, 1711 Jared, Ethiopian saint, 1047 Jaridah, al- (publication), 1994 Jarnus, al-, 1653 Jars and jugs ceramic, 490-492 metalwork, 1602-1603 water, 2320 Jason (mythological subject), depicted in Coptic art, 1762-1763 Jawhar, General, 1097, 1099, 1271 Jawharah al-Nafisah fi ‘Ulum al-Kanisah, al- (Ibn Siba‘), 1272, 1464 Jawhar al-Siqili (the Sicilian), 1632, 1913 Jawish, Shaykh ‘Abd al-Aziz, 1465, 1988-1989 Jawli, al-. See Dayr al-Jawli Jawsaq. See Keep Jawziyyah School (Damascus), 1269 Jazirat al-Dayr (Island of the Monastery). See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Jeme. See Madinat Habu; Memnonia Jerasimus, Saint (martyr), 1552, 1559 Jeremiah, Apocryphon of, 170-171 Jeremiah, Saint, 22, 166, 1254, 1322-1323, 2084 depicted in Coptic art, 270, 532-533 see also Dayr Apa Jeremiah; Paralipomena Jeremiou Jericho. See Holy Land Jernstedt, Peter Viktorovich, 1323, 1895 Jerome, Saint, 1323, 1921, 2084 on candle use in churches, 445 on celibacy, 476 Dayr Anba Bula founded in memory, 741, 742 and Didymus the Blind, 900 and Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071 and Hilarion, Saint, 1232, 1664 and Horsiesios, Saint, 1257 on John the Baptist burial site, 1355 on Kyrie eleison, 1420 on Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608 on multiple marriages, 1545 and Origen, 47 1-472 and Pamphilus, Saint, 1879 on Paul of Thebes, 1925-1926 on priesthood, 2016 Rufinus Apology and, 2068-2069 Rule of Pachomius translation by, 1662, 1663, 1861-1862, 1863 on Saturday fast, 2098 theological literary history by, 1920 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2250, 2252 Jersey City, New Jersey, 1621 Jerusalem, Coptic See of, 180, 1324-1329, 1613, 1614 and Acacian schism, 45 apostolic succession, 181 barring of Coptic pilgrimages to, 1615 Coptic collections, 1710 Coptic Good Friday celebration, 1153 Dayr al-Sultan, 872-874 founding of monasteries in, 1663 keep construction, 1395 library, 1447 Saladin’s reconquest of, 1536 Sophia, Saint, tradition of, 2143- 1244 see also Eastern Orthodox churches; Holy Land, Coptic churches in the Jesuits and the Coptic church, 1132, 1329-1330 Ethiopian controversies, 986-987, 995-997 influence in Ethiopia, 1021 Jullien, Michel Marie, 1382- 1383 Kircher, Athanasius, 1415 Sicard, Claude, 2136-2137 see also Bollandists Jesus, bath of the infant. See Christian subjects in Coptic art Jesus Christ Advent, 63 Agnus Dei, 70 Ascension, 1105 and asceticism, 1306 and atonement, 306-307 on baptism, 336-337, 1285 baptism of, 967 blessing style, 403-404 Candlemas feast, 1106-1107 on celibacy, 476 and Christian Pasch, 1904 crucifixion, fasts to commemorate, 1096 crucifixion, Qur’anic theory of, 95 and death of Joseph, 1697 depiction in Coptic art, 270; see also subhead paintings of and Eucharist, 1107 fasts, 1095-1096 first miracle, 1107 and fraction rite, 1121 and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136 on guardian angel, 1186 icons of, 368-369, 1276, 1277-1278 Incarnation, 1287-1290 and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433 Lord’s Prayer, 1480-1481 and magical spells, 1500, 1503 and Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1529 and marriage, 1542, 1544 Melchizedek and, 1583-1584 Nativity, 1102-1103 pagan literature on, 1868 paintings of, 727, 747, 778, 794, 868, 869, 1660, 1875, 2004-2006, 2006 Palm Sunday, 1103-1104 and Paradise, 1900-1901 power of binding and loosing, 1932 and priesthood, 2015 Resurrection, 1104-1105 and Revelation, 61-63 and symbolism of manual cross, 1472 and Thomas, disciple, 1108 Transfiguration, 1108-1109 see also Athanasian Creed; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Christ, nature of; Christology; Flight into Egypt; Good Friday; Gospel headings; Nicene Creed Jewelry, 1605-1607, 1606 Coptic colored glass-inlaid crosses, 1146 Jews and Judaism Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, relations with, 11 as Ahl al-Dhimmah, 72, 655-656; see also subhead Muslim discriminatory measures Alexandrian ascetics, 1661 Alexandrian community, 91, 97, 1175, 1180, 1865, 1866 and Alexandrian gnosticism, 1147, 1148, 1149-1150 Alexandrian rebellion, 97, 1947, 2016 altars, 106 anointing, 137 Antichrist concept and, 143 apologetic directed at, 2357 apologists, 176 atonement concept, 306-307 baptism at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721 Bar Hebraeus, 345-346 and canon of the Scripture, 2109 Coptic music and, 148-149, 1731 and Cyril I, 672 and eschatology, 973 Ethiopian prohibitions against, 991-993 Evodius of Rome homilies against, 1078-1079 Great Synagogue (Tamuh), 717 heaven concept, 1214 Hellenization in Egypt, 1167, 1175 jizyah tax on, 1336 Josephus Flavius, 176, 1375- 1376 magical spells, 1508 Muslim discriminatory measures, 655-656, 939, 1202, 1343, 1348 New Testament explanation addressed to, 1273 Old Testament feasts, 1101 and paganism, 1868 Paraphrase of Shem and, 1902 Pascha (Passover), 1903 Philo of Alexandria, 1956-1957 religious impact in Egypt, 1865-1866 ritual purification ceremonials, 8-9 Roman poll tax and, 2203 Saturday as sabbath, 2098 scriptural proof texts disputes, 1227 and Youth of Egypt membership, 2354 see also Law, Mosaic; Old Testament; Therapeutae Jibril ibn Bukhtishu‘ ibn Jurjis, 1922 Jihad, al- (publication), 1990 Jilbanah, Saint, 700 Jimyanah, Saint. See Dimyanah, Saint Jirja, 1330-1331 monasteries in region of, 825-826, 861-862, 1656, 1657 Jirja and Upper Sa‘id, See of, 1614 Jirjis, Mar. See George, Saint Jirjis Abu al-Fada‘il ibn Lutfallah, 1462 Jirjis al-Muzahim. See George, Saint Jirjis ibn al-‘Amid, 1095 Jirjis ibn al-Qass abi al-Mufaddal, 1270, 1271, 1332 Jirji al-Sim‘ani, 461, 1331-1332 Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1141, 1332-1334, 1417, 1515, 1539, 1688, 1692, 2351 and Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1274 Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani, 1334-1335 Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335, 1515 Jirjis al-Muzahim, Saint (martyr), 902-903, 1335-1336, 1556 Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372 Jirjis Philuthawus ‘Awad church law compendium, 1942 on Dayr al-Sham‘, 865 Jirjis al-Qibti (George the Copt), 1700 Jizyah (poll tax), 303, 622, 636, 656, 665, 1097, 1336, 2134-2135 abolition of, 1636 on Ahl al-Dhimmah, 72 Alexander II and, 86, 87 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 187, 189 and Baqt Treaty, 343 as factor in Islamization of Egypt, 937, 1411 and Gabriel II’s patriarchy, 1129 and Gabriel V’s patriarchy, 1130 and Gabriel VII’s patriarchy, 1134 and hisbah, 1236-1237 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah commentary, 1269 increases during Theodorus patriarchy, 2237 increases under Badr al-Jamali, 325 in Makouria, 1514 Job, Testament of, 164 Joel, King of Dotawo, 923 Johannes de Turrecremata (Juan de Torquemada), Cardinal, 1119 Johannes Gallicus Marinesis, Cardinal, 1119 Johann Georg, 1336 Johannine Christology, 2157 John, Apostle and Saint on celibacy, 476 church at Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 church at Dayr al-Majma‘, 820, 821 on confession and penitence, 585 feast day, 882, 2084 and Good Friday, 1104 and Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 monasteries dedicated to, 883 monastery of, 748, 861, 1656 Polycarp and, 1997 as Transfiguration witness, 1108-1109 see also Apocryphon of John; Revelation, Book of; Dayr al- Saqiyah; Gospel of John John, Hegumenos of Raithou, 2050 John, Hegumenos of Scetis, 12, 1362 John, Saint and Bishop of Armant, 1353-1354 John I, Saint and Patriarch, 1337, 2084 and Acacian schism, 44 dates of patriarchy, 1915 John II, Saint and Patriarch, 1337, 2084 and Acacian schism, 44, 45, 46 and churches in Babylon, 318 dates of patriarchy, 1915 at the Enaton, 956-957 and John I, 1337 John III, the Merciful, Saint and Patriarch, 70, 94, 709, 1337-1338, 1939, 1966, 2084 dates of patriarchy, 1915 Isaac the Deacon as biographer of, 1304 and John of Nikiou, 1366 and John of Parallos, 1368 as monk-priest at Dayr al-Ikhwah, 808 panegyric by, 1456 successor, 1303 John IV, Saint and Patriarch, 334, 1338-1339 dates of patriarchy, 1916 feast day, 2084 and Mark II, 1533 Yuhanna as biographer of, 2356 John V, Patriarch, 1340-1341, 1534, 1912 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1007 and Murqus ibn Qanbar reforms, 1699 John VI, Saint and Patriarch, 1341-1342, 1391 and Bulus al-Bushi, 423 and Crusaders’ occupation of Burah, 425 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Giyorgis II as metropolitan of Ethiopia, 1009 and Kha’il translation, 399 and Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007 and Yeshaq I, Ethiopian prelate, 1008 John VII, Patriarch, 33, 1342-1343 burial site, 848 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Yusab, Bishop (13th-century), 2359 John VIII, Patriarch, 1343-1344 burial at Dayr Shahran, 862 and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 consecrated by Hasaballah, 1210 dates of patriarchy, 1917 patriarchal seat change and residence, 1208, 1913 successor, 1344 and Yusab, Bishop (13th-century), 2359 John IX, Patriarch, 377, 1344 burial site, 848 dates of patriarchy, 1917 John X, Patriarch, 1344 dates of patriarchy, 1918 John XI, Patriarch, 1344-1345 consecration of Ethiopian prelates, 1014 and Coptic relations with Rome, 609 dates of patriarchy, 1918 and Dayr al-Maghtis, 819 John XII, Patriarch, 1119, 1131, 1346 and Coptic relations with Rome, 1347 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1346 John XIII, Patriarch, 1612, 1346-1347, 1647, 1974 dates of patriarchy, 1918 on pillage of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 John XIV, Patriarch, 1347 and Coptic relations with Rome, 952, 1329-1330 dates of patriarchy, 1918 John XV, Patriarch, 1022, 1347-1348 dates of patriarchy, 1919 John XVI, Patriarch, 30, 1206, 1273, 1347-1348, 1975 church restorations under, 713 and communion of the sick, 580 and Coptic relations with Rome, 610 dates of patriarchy, 1919 and Jesuits in Egypt, 1330 and Marqos IV, Ethiopian prelate, 1027 as monk of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 and restoration of Dayr Anba Bula, 742, 743 and Sinoda, Ethiopian prelate, 1025 successor, 1949 John XVII, Patriarch, 1348-1350 Bisurah al-Hariri manuscripts on, 403 consecration at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550 and Coptic relations with Rome, 610-611 dates of patriarchy, 1919 as monk at Dayr Anba Bula, 742 successor, 1538 and Yohannes III, Ethiopian prelate, 1029 John XVIII, Patriarch, 1350 consecration of Jusab, Bishop (18th-century), 2360 dates of patriarchy, 1919 John XIX, Patriarch, 1351 and Coptic Community Council, 580 dates of patriarchy, 1919 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980, 1198, 1041- 1043 Ethiopian visit, 1041 as first bishop elected as patriarch, 399, 1911 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 and Isidhurus pardon, 1307 and Italian intervention in Ethiopia, 1041-1043, 1198 as monk at Dayr al-Baramus, 791 and Qerelos III, Ethiopian prelate, 1040, 1042 and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2097 and School for Monks (Alexandria), 564 and Yusab II, 2363 John of Alexandria (martyr), 31, 1554 John the Almoner, Patriarch of Cyprus (Melchite), 184, 720, 721, 1641-1642 John of Antioch, Bishop, 55, 960, 1354 and bishop’s translation, 399 and Nestorius, 1786 John Arkaph, 1584 John of Ashmun Tanah (martyr), 1556 John of Asyut, Bishop, on martyrs of Isna, 866 John the Baptist, Saint, 71, 1354-1356, 1477 birth of, 1102 churches dedicated to, 792 in Coptic literature, 1356 cult of, 1355 Feast of Commemoration. See Festal days, monthly Gabriel, Archangel, and, 1135 and immersion, 1286 martyrium of, 1610, 1611, 1646 place in Coptic church, 1355-1356 Proclus homily on, 2018 Raphael, Archangel, and, 2054 relics of, 93 sanctuary of, 751 John of Biclarum, 921, 1513 on the evangelization of Nubia, 1801-1802 John the Black. See John Kama, Saint John Calybites, 1357 John Cassian. See Cassian, Saint John John Chrysostom, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 1357-1359 on ablution, 9 on anamnesis, 121 on angels, 132 Antioch schism mediation, 2249 on asterisk as eucharistic vessel, 1065 Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 459-460 on celibacy, 476 collected homilies of, 1778, 1779 Coptic translations, 1454 and cross-carrying, 1468 and Cyril I, 672 on deaconesses, 888 and Demetrius, cycle of, 667 and Demetrius of Antioch, 893 encomia as part of Coptic hagiography, 1196 on Eucharist, 597, 1056-1057, 1059-1060 and Eustathius of Thrace, 1073 on Feast of the Ascension, 1105 feast day, 2084 on Gospel of Saint Mark, 1159 on Holy Cross manifestation, 1243 homily on Basil the Great, 352 homily on Gabriel, Archangel,1136 homily on Raphael, Archangel, 2053, 2054 on immersion, 1286 and Isidorus of Pelusium, 1308, 1309, 1310 and Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani (copyist), 1335 and John the Faster, 1339-1340 on Last Judgment, 1379 liturgies of, 1540 on Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 and Origenist monks, 113-114, 2250 Palladius defense of, 1877 patristic writings, 1921 Proclus on, 2018 relics, 2017 and al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal revision of homilies of, 2075 and Severian of Jabalah, 1136, 1619, 2122, 2123 and Sophia, Saint, 2143-2144 and Tall Brothers, 916, 2250 Theodorus of Mopsuestia relationship, 2238 and Theophilus, Patriarch,2247, 2250-225 1, 2252 and tradition of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2303 on unction of the sick, 139, 2291-2292 John of Claudiopolis, Bishop of Isauria, 2124 John Climacus (John the Cilician), 2050 John Colobos, Saint, 1359-1361, 1448 on Ababius, 1 Arabic tradition of, 1361-1361 and Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240 and Athanasius of Clysma (martyr), 305 and Bishoi, 734, 795 churches dedicated to, 701, 1426 Coptic tradition of, 1359-1361 death in Clysma, 565 feast day, 2084 and James of Scetis, Saint, 1321 and John Kama, Saint, 1363 monasteries of, 770, 809 as paragon of virtue and obedience, 1668 and Pshoi of Scetis, 2029 relics, 720, 753 and Shenute, 2029 and Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258 John the Confessor, Saint, 2084 John of Damanhur (martyr), 688, 1554 John of Damascus, Saint, 71, 1735, 1985, 2046 John the Dwarf. See John Colobos, Saint John of Ephesus, 921, 1362, 1676 on the evangelization of Nubia, 1797, 1801-1802, 1807 on Longinus, 1480 on monophysitism, 1673-1674 and Sophia, 1384-1385 John the Faster, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 1339-1340 feast day, 2084 John of Gaza, Saint, 2084 John of the Golden Gospel, Saint, 2084 John the Grammarian of Caesarea, 1455 John of Heraclia (martyr), 1556 John Jejunator. See John the Faster, Saint John of Jerusalem, Saint and Bishop, 1930, 2084 John Kama, Saint, 701, 749, 1362-1363 in Ethiopia, 991 feast day, 2084 marital chastity of, 1543 John of Laqqaanah, Bishop, 1426 John the Little. See John Colobos, Saint John of Lycopolis, Saint, 296, 1363-1365, 1976, 2029, 2084 and Bessarion, Saint, 379 Coptic texts on, 1455 and Dayr al-‘Izam, 809 Historia monachorum in Aegypto on, 809, 1238, 1363, 1364 at Lycopolis, 296 Palladius and, 1876 reclusion of, 2055-2056 John of Madinat al-Fayym, Bishop, 1126 John of Mayuma, Bishop, 1366, 1670, 2033 on early liturgical music practices, 1733, 1735 texts by, 1455 John of Montenero, 1114, 1116 John Moschus, 1467, 1560, 1662, 2050 John of Nikiou, Bishop, 37, 1366-1367, 1676, 1794, 206 as archimandrite, 193 chronicle of Arab conquest of Egypt, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188 on Church of Saint Michael, 1617 on the Covenant of ‘Umar, 655 on Eikoston, 951 and Jeremiah, Saint, 1322 on Mit Damsis, 1971 and Simon I, 2138-2139 and taxation, 358-359 and Theognosta, Saint, 2244 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2248 and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264 on treaty of Alexandria (641), 187, 683 writings translated into Ethiopic, 977 John “of the Cells”, 1948 John of Pake, 1367 John of Parallos Saint, 838, 871, 1367-1368, 1456, 1618, 1619, 1626 feast day, 2084 John Paul II, Pope (Rome), on doctrines of Nestorius and Eutyches, 1786 John of Petra, Abbot, 1662 1662 John of Phanidjoit (martyr), 1556 John Philoponus, 29, 100 John and Piammônas of Diolkos, 908 John the Presbyter, 1368-1369 and Life of Pisentius, Saint, 1368, 1455-1456 John of Psenhowt (martyr), 1556 John Rufus. See John of Mayuma John Rylands Library, Manchester, England, 901, 1893 John of Sa, Bishop, 925 John of Sabarou (martyr), 1552 John Sabas, 1369 John of Sais, Bishop, and monks of the Kellia, 1397-1398 John of Sanhut, Saint (martyr), 882, 1556, 1626 John the Scribe. See Cyril V, Patriarch John of Shmun, Bishop, 1369 on Bishoi and Shinudah, 737 panegyrics by, 1456 John the Short. See John Colobos, Saint John the Soldier (martyr), 1467, 1556 Johnson, D. W., 1573 John and Symeon, 1370 John Talaia, 43, 1609, 1610, 2269 John of Tella, 1673-1674 John of Würzburg, 872 Jomard, Edmé Franois, 1284 Jonah, depiction in Coptic art, 386, 387 Jonah, Fast of, 1094 Jonas, Apa, festal date of, 840 Joore (martyr), 1370, 1556 Jordan Coptic churches in, 1621 and Dayr al-Sultan, 873-874 Jordan River, 1246 Jordanus, Bishop of Quilon, 1635-1636 Joseph (martyr). See Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs) Joseph (Old Testament), 1868 depiction in Coptic art, 387-388, 388 Egyptian sites connected with, 1976 and lecanoscopy, 1507 Joseph, Saint, 1370 Joseph of Arsinoë, Bishop, 760 Joseph the Bishop, Saint, 2084 Joseph of Bishaw, Saint, 1371, 1374, 2084 Joseph the Carpenter, Saint, 1371-1374 apocryphal accounts,1372-1373 cult of, 1373-1374 and Dayr al-Janadlah, 705 feast day, 2084 and Gabriel and Michael, Archangels, 1136 and mummification, 1697 New Testament accounts, 1371-1372 see also Flight into Egypt Joseph of Fuwwah, Bishop, 1126 Joseph of Tsenti, Saint, 1374 Josephus Flavius, 176, 1375-1376 Joshua (Old Testament), 1618 in Arabic versions, 1830-1831 Testament of. See Testament of Joshua Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs), 1556 Josippon, 1375 Journals. See Press, Coptic; Press, Egyptian; specific titles Jovian, Emperor, 1376-1377 patriarch under, 1914 Jowett, William, 133 J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California, 2003, 2005 Jubilee Year, 1101 Judaism. See Jews and Judaism Judaizing Christians. See Ebionites Judas Cyriacus, Saint and Bishop of Jerusalem, 1377-1378, 2085 Judas Iscariot, 897, 1416 Judges (Old Testament), Arabic versions, 1831-1832 Judgment, Last, 1378-1379 Abbaton’s role, 2 agnoetism and, 70-71 and eschatology, 974 and Hades, 1189-1190 and prayer for the dead, 889 see also Afterlife; Paradise Jugs. See Glass, Coptic; Jars and jugs; Metalwork, Coptic; Water jugs and stands Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus, 70, 876, 1379, 1455, 1674 doctrinal position, 547, 734 and Eutyches, 1075 Gaianus advocacy of doctrine, 1138 and Justin I, Emperor, 1384 and monophysitism, 1673 on the nature of Christ, 547, 1288, 2125, 2241 and Severus of Antioch, 2125 and Timothy III, 2268 see also Gaianites; Gaianus Julian, Emperor, 1868 Against the Galileans, 177 and Libanius, 1447 patriarch under, 1914 Julian, Evangelist, 1380, 1480 and Nubian conversion, 1797, 1801-1802, 1807 Julian, Proconsul of Tripoli, 1443 Julian, Saint and Patriarch, 1380, 1999, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1914 successor, 891-892 Juliana (martyr), 1552-1553, 1556 Julian the Apostate, Emperor, 1380-1382 and Cyril I, 673 and martyrdom of Alladyus, 1551 and martyrdom of Eusignius, 1071-1072, 1555 and martyrdom of Judas Cyriacus, 1377 martyrs under, 1556, 1557; see also specific names Mercurius of Caesarea and death of, 1382, 1592, 1593 monastery establishment during reign of, 720 and paganism, 1869 persecutions of Christians by, 300, 1937 and profaning tomb of John the Baptist, 1355 succeeded by Jovian, 1376 Julian calendar. See Calendar, Julian Julian and his mother (martyrs), 1556 Julianists. See Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus Julianus, Chaldean Oracles, 516 Julitta (Julietta), Saint (martyr), 671, 1554 icon of, 1278 Julius, Bishop of Puteoli, 1441 Julius I, Pope (Rome), 523, 1442, 1669, 1670, 1672 Julius of Aqfahs, 1, 2, 152, 1556, 1865 Cycle of, 445 martyrdom in Atrib, 307 Julius Caesar, 235 Jullien, Michel Marie, 806, 852, 856, 1382-1383, 2197 Jung, Carl, 1149 Jung Codex. See Codex Jung Junia (martyr), 1552 Junker, Hermann, 656, 815, 1383 Jupiter (pagan deity), 889, 890, 904, 905, 1866 Justin I, Emperor, 1383-1384 and Apion family, 155-156 and Chalcedon dispute, 46-47, 1673, 1674 patriarch under, 1915 Justin II, Emperor, 688, 1384-1385 John of Ephesus on reign of, 1362 and monophysites, 1675, 1676 patriarch under, 1915 Justinian, Emperor, 1385-1386, 1648, 2008 and Abraham of Farshut, 11-12 and Abusir, 34 and Acacian schism, 46, 47 and Anastasia, 125 Annunciation, Feast of the, 290 and Apion family, 155-156 and Athanasius of Clysma cult, 305-306 and audientia episcopalis, 308 and canons of Epiphanius, 456 and Codex Justinianus, 569-570, 1385 and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595-596 Henoticon edict, 1218, 1674 hymn ascribed to, 1733 and John of Ephesus missions, 1362 and Justin I, Emperor, 1383 and Justin II, Emperor, 1384-1385 military reforms, 136, 237-238 and monophysitism, 1319, 1673, 1674, 1676 Moses of Abydos prophecy on, 1679-1680 and Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1681, 1682, 2325 patriarch under, 1915 and Pentapolis administration, 1934 Procopius history of, 2019-2020 and Qift renaming, 2038 and Raithou monasteries, 2050 reforms of, 2007-2008, 2023; see also subhead military reforms on sale of monasteries, 1639, 1640 and taxation in Roman Eqypt, 2205 and Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 2239 and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264 and wife, Theodora, 2234-2235 Justin Martyr, 1638 as apologist, 176, 177-178 on Easter designation, 1104 and “godly monarch” concept, 1957 on immersion, 1286 Justus, Patriarch, 1386, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1913 Justus, Saint (martyr), 2085, 1386-1387, 1556, 2085, 2209 Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 290, 515, 1440, 1670, 2242 K_______________________ Ka, festival of Union of, 438 Kaau, Saint, paintings of, 727 Kacmarcik manuscript, copying of, 722, Kafi, al- (Mikha’il Sharubim), 1630-1631 Kafr Ayyub, pilgrimages to, 1972 Kafr Damru (village), 689-690 Kafr al-Dayr, 1655, 1656 pilgrimages to, 1972-1973 Kafr Dimayrah al-Iadid. See Dimarah Kafr al-Shaykh. See Mahallat Danyal Kaft al-Dawwar, Coptic Catholic church, 1123 Kahle, Paul Eric, 902, 1389 Kahyor, monasteries at, 1654 Kainopolis. See Qina Kalabsha. See Talmis Kalamon. See Qalamun Kallileion. See Anointing; Catechumen, oil of the Kallinikos, Bishop, 1089 Kaluj See Bajtij (martyr) Kamal, Ahmad, on Dayr Abu Lifah, 704 Kamil Murad. See Murad Kamil Kanebo. See Museums, Coptic collections in Kansu, 1519 Kaou (martyr), 1556 Kaphalas. See Paphnutius of Scetis, Saint Karabacek, Joseph von, 1389 Karanis, 1390 glassmaking, 1143-1144 Kararah. See Qararah Karimi Guild, 1391 Karma, monastic murals at, 1874 Karm Abu Mena, 1936-1937 Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 1391-1392 Karmuz, catacomb at, 1873 Karnak in the Christian period, 1392-1394, 1392, 1393, 1394 end to institutionalized paganism in, 1870 monasteries near, 1657 pharaonic-style temples at, 1392, 1392, 1865 Kasios. See Katib al-Qals Kassa Asrate Stele, 1394 Kata meros. See Lectionary Katib al-Misri, al-. See Fakr al-Dawlah Katib al-Qals, 1650 Katochoi (recluses), 2055-2056 Kaufmann, Carl Maria, 1394 Kaunakopoiós (kaunakoplókos) (Coptic weaving term), 2221 Kavad II Seroe 1940 Kawjar al-Rumi, 810 Kawkab al-Sharq (publication), 1990 Kaysan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan, 1395, 2079 Keep, 1395-1396 Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj), 736, 740 Dayr Anba Samu’il (Qalamun), 760 Dayr al-Baramus, 792 Kellia, 1395, 1404 Keimer, Ludwig, 1396 Kellia, 1395, 1396-1409 altars, 106, 107 Ammonius and, 113 Amun, Saint, and, 119 architecture compared with Hilwan, 1234 ceramics of, See Ceramics, Coptic complexes of churches, 552, 553, 1404-1405, 1406-1407 construction materials, 1401-1402 and Coptological studies, 615 and Damanhur bishopric, 687 in “Desert of Scetis,” 2102 earliest churches at, 552, 553 Egyptian archaeological activity, 1406-1407 epigraphy, 1407-1408 Evagrius Ponticus and, 1076-1077 excavations, 414, 694, 724, 1398-1406, 1658 French archaeological activity, 1398-1400, 1402 hegumenos title used at, 1216 hermit cells at, 477 history of site, 1397-1398 inscriptions found at, 1291, 1407-1408 and Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud identification, 1316 keeps, 1395, 1396 khizanahs found at, 1415 as laura of hermitages, 1224-1225 in Letters of Saint Antony, 150 and Macarius Alexandrinus, Saint, 1489-1490 monastic life, 1662 mural paintings at, 1408-1409, 1659, 1660, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877 and Nitria monastery, 1794-1796 Palladius at, 1876, 1877 Swiss archaeological activity, 1400-1406 two-bay hall development, 1404 Kells, Book of. See British Isles and Ireland, Coptic influences in the Kemal Atatürk, 1996 Kenya, Coptic churches in, 1622 Kenyon, Frederic George, 1410 Kephalaia, 1891 Kerygmata (Damian), 1455 Keys, 1604, 1604 Kha’il I, Patriarch, 24, 37, 93, 350, 1205, 1410-1412, 1589, 1678, 1950 and bishop’s translation, 399 chosen at Bilbeis, 391 dates of patriarchy, 1915 feast day, 2085 and Mina I, 1631 as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721 Yuhanna the Deacon biography of, 2356-2357 Kha’il II, Patriarch, 1412, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1916 Yuhanna biography of, 2356 Kha’il III, Patriarch, 903, 1412-1413 dates of patriarchy, 1916 held for ransom, 2280-2281 Khalil Bey (Mamluk amir), 1538 Khandaq, al-, 1413 see also Dayr al-Khandaq Khara’ib al-Namus. See Dayr al-Namus Kharaj (land tax), 636, 656, 1413-1414, 2093 Alexander II and, 86, 87 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 189 on communal property, 72, 85-87 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah on, 1269 impact on Copts, 72, 1410, 1412 increases during Shenute I patriarchy, 2134-2135 and Jacob, Saint, 1318 and jizyah tax, 1336 John IV payment, 1338 Macarius II policy, 1487 Khargah. See Kharjah Kharjah (great oasis), monasteries near, 1317, 1658-1659 Khartoum. See Sudan, Copts in the Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1658 Khatt al-Hamayuni, al. See Personal status law Khayla Malakot of Shewa, 1590 Khidmat al-Shammas. See The Services of the Deacon Khirbat al-Filusiyyah, 1414, 1650 Khirbitah, 1415 Khizanah, 1415, 1418 Khonai, shrine to Michael the Archangel, 1616 Khosrow textile (Antinoopolis), 2097-208 Khumarawayh, Caliph, 2281 Khune. See Kounes, Governor of Aswan Khurus, 212-213, 218, 221, 223, 552, 553, 554, 555, 661 and altar location, 107 Dayr Anba Maqar, 753, 754 Dayr Anba Shinudah, 769 Khusus, al- (Coptic center), 703 Khuzi (martyr), 1552 Kilani, Muhammad Sayyid, 1465 Kilns, pottery, 481-482 Kings, anointing of, 139 Kircher, Athanasius, 1248, 1330, 1415, 1748, 1967, 2052 Kirillus, Anba, Bishop of Asyut, 1270 Kiss of Peace (aspasmos), 63, 1416 Kitab Akhbar al-Zaman (Yuhanna al-Hadhiq al-Qibti), 2357 Kitab al-Burhan fi al-Qawanin (Book of Evidence in Laws) (Abti Shakir ibn al-Rahib), 33, 1463 Kitab al-Hadi fi Ma‘rifat al-Samadi (Qustantin), 2046 Kitab al-Huda (Canons of Clement), 456 Kitab al-‘Ilm wa-al-‘Amal (Yuhanna ibn Sawirus), 2357-2358 Kitab al-Idah (Severus of al-Ashmunayn), 1779 Kitab al-Istidlal. See Book of Dialectic Kitab Jala’ al-‘Uqul fi‘Ilm al-Usul, 1464 Kitab al Khulaji al-Muqaddas, 1464 Kitab al-Majami‘, 1463 Kitab Misbah al-Zulmah fi ldah al-Khidmah. See Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar) Kitab Qawanin al-Dawawin, 1461 Kitab al-Ru’us, 1779 Kitab al-Shifa’ (Butrus ibn al-Rahib), 1779 Kitab al-Shifa fi Kashf ma-Istatara min Lahut al-Masihwa-Ikhtafa, 1463 Kitab al-Suluk li-Ma‘rifat Duwal al-Muluk (Maqrizi), 1525 Kitab al-Tawarikh. See Book of Chronicles Kitab al-Turuhat wa-al-Absaliyyat, 1464 Kitchener, Lord, 1466 Kiyahk (fourth month of Coptic calendar), 438, 441 in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2178-2 179 Kléber, Jean-Baptiste, 1333, 1416-1417, 2351 Kneeler-penitents, 1932 Kneeling. See Genuflection Knowledge Society, 1993 Kohl, boxes for, 2337-2338 Koine, 1166, 1168, 1169 see also Greek language Koinonia (community), 1664, 1859-1860, 1861, 1862, 1952 see also Monasticism, Pachomian; Pachomius, Saint Kom Abu Billu. See Tarnut Komete (patrician), 1679 Kom Gu’aif. See Naucratis Kom Namrud, 1224, 1418 Kom Ombo, 1418, 1865 Kom al-Rahib, 1418-1419 Konkhistes (Coptic textile term), 2221 Kootwyck, Iohann van, 1647 Koptos. See Qift Korakion (Millenarian), 911 Kothos (pagan deity), 1870 Koui (Khui), Governor of Aswan, tomb of, 850 Koukoullion (bishop’s hood), 1476 Kounes (Khune), Governor of Aswan, tomb of, 850, 851 Krajon and Amun, Saints, 1419, 1556 Krall, Jakob, 1419 Krestodolu I, Ethiopian prelate, 1020 Krestodolu II, Ethiopian prelate, 1024- 1025 Krestodolu III, Ethiopian prelate, 1028, 1349 Krikoris Vegayasayr (Armenian bishop), 234 Kubaniyyah, al-, 815-8 16 Kuentz, Charles, 1419 Kühnel, Ernst, 1419-1420 Kula al-Hamra, al-. See Hermitages, Theban Kunnash al-Thurayya, 1922 Kurum al-Tuwal. See ‘Amriyyah Kush, Empire of, 110, 1420 and Nubians, 1797, 1800 threat by Beja tribes, 373 Kutlah al-Wafdiyyah, al-. See Wafdist bloc Kuttah. See Scriptorium Kutulus (martyr), 1553 Kuwait, Coptic church in, 1621 Kyprianos, spells of, 1506-1507 Kyriakos Mikha’il. See Mikha’il Kyriakos Kyrie eleison, 1420-1421, 1469, 1569, 2013, 2014 in the Book of Canonical Hours, 446-449 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909-1910 in Coptic Good Friday service, 1152 Kyrillos. See Ethiopian Prelates Kyrillus. See Cyril Kyrollos. See Cyril |
Original Publisher | Macmillan |
Digital Publisher | Claremont Graduate University. School of Religion |
Date | 1991 |
Language | eng |
Collection | Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia - http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/col/cce |
Rights | Copyright 1991 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Type | Text |
Object File Name | cce01969.pdf |
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