Index F-K Volumes 1-7
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[Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372]
F_______________________
Fabian, Pope, 889
Fabian Society, 2088
Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, 909, 911, 912
Fabrics. See Textiles, Coptic Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi
Codices (ARE-UNESCO), 1771-1773
Fadl ibn Abi al-Fada’il, 1463
Fa’iz, al-, Caliph, 1099
Fakhr al-Dawlah Abu al-Mufaddal ibn al-‘Assal, 1085, 1748
False doctrine. See Heresy
Family law, Coptic, 1942 see also Personal status law
Family life, Coptic, 1086-1088
see also Children; Marriage
Family Life Education Program (FLEP), 1088
Famines, 693, 708, 750, 877, 1633
Fan, 1473-1474
Fanah, Saint, 698 see also Dayr Abu Fanah
Fanus, Akhnukh, 1988, 1989
Fanus, Louis, 1627
Farabi, Al-, 6
Faraj, Ibrahim, 1991
Faraj Agha, 1636
Farajallah al-Akhmimi, 1089, 1780
Farama, al-(Pelusium), 1089-1090, 1650
on route of flight into Egypt, 1118
Faran. See Pharan
Faras, 114, 1090-1091, 1675
and classic Christian Nubian pottery, 1806
as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813
evidence of Nubian liturgy at, 1816-1817
fresco of Onophrius, Saint, at, 1842
and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315
as Nobatian capital, 1797, 1798
Nobatian royal headquarters at, 2037
and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804
and Nubian Christian architecture, 1807-1809
and Nubian inscriptions, medieval, 1814-1815
and Nubian studies, 615
portraits of bishops, 402
Faras Cathedral, 1090, 1091-1092
Faras murals, 1091-1092, 1092, 1811-1812, 1819
and the eparchs of Nobatia, 1798
Farid, Muhammad, 1994
Fariskur, 1649
Farouk I, King, 1694, 1990, 1992
Farshut, 11, 12, 331, 1092-1093, 1656
Fast of the Apostles, 1093
Fast of Heraclius, 1093-1094 \
Fasting, 1093-1096, 1699
abstinence differentiated from, 17
communion and, 579
Didache on, 898
Didascalia on, 899
Eucharist, 1063
as funerary custom, 1125
Good Friday, 1152
and Holy Saturday, 1247-1248
and Holy Week, 1251
Lent, 1437
liturgical ritual books for, 1729
marriage ceremonies proscribed during periods of, 1545
monthly festal days and, 1111
and Paramone, 1901
Saturday, 2098, 2099
Sunday, 2159-2160
Fast of Jonah, 1094
Fast of the Nativity, 1095-1096
Fast of the Virgin Mary, 1096
Fath, Mahmud Abu, al-, 1990
Father of the Monks. See Antony of Egypt, Saint
Father of Two Swords. See Mercurius of Caesarea
Fatimid dynasty, 1097-1099, 1271, 1488, 1632-1633
Abu al-Fadl ‘Isa ibn Nasturus financial role, 18
coinage, 576
Coptic church under, 1574
Copto-Muslim art, 1311-1312
al-Hakim prohibitions and persecutions, 1201-1203
Islamization, 939, 940
Qus prosperity under, 2043
Faw al-Qibli (Faw of the South) See Pbow
Fayyum (region)
Abraam I, Bishop of, 10
Coptic glass excavations, 1143
cult of Homeric gods, 1865
funerary portraits, 2001
Greek settlements in, 1175
inscriptions found in, 1292
monasteries of, 1650-1651; see also specific monasteries
monastery libraries, 1449
papyrus collections, 1389, 1891, 1895
stelae from, 2162
tombstone material and shapes in, 1295
Fayyum, city of, 1100
Fayyum Gospel Fragment, 1100
Fayyumic dialect
New Testament in, 1788
see also Appendix
Fayyumic Papyrus. See Hamburg Papyrus
Fayyum paintings. See Portraits and funerary masks
Feast, 1101-1109
monthly festal days, 1111-1112
Feast of the Angel, festal day, 1111
Feast of Blowing of the Trumpets, 1101
Feast of the Martyrs, 1547-1548
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, awshiyahi during, 311
Feasts of the Cross, 1469
Feast of Shamm al-Nasim, 2126
Feasts, Latin, in the Coptic Catholic Church, 601
Feasts, major, 1101, 1102-1106, 1904
anaphora of Saint Gregory use, 124-125
Assumption of the Virgin Mary, 290, 1096, 2256
Epiphany liturgy, 967-968
liturgical ritual books, 1715-1716, 1729
pilgrimages linked with, 1968, 1970
Feasts, minor, 1101, 1106-1109
liturgical ritual books for, 1729
Feasts, movable, in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2190
Feasts of the Theotokos, 2256
Feast of the Tabernacles, 1101
Feast of the Virgin, 1111
Feast of Weeks, 1101
Febronia, Saint (martyr), 1109-1110, 1555
Federal Republic of Germany. See Germany
Feet, washing of, 8-9, 1107-1108, 1252, 1426-1427
laqqan tank, 1426-1427
Maundy Thursday, 311
Felix III, Pope (Rome), 43, 1218
Felix, Saint, 1082, 1110, 1555, 2057, 2086, 2232, 2233
Felix of Aptunga, 920
Festal days, monthly, 1111-1112
Festival of Saint Michael, 1617, 1618
Festugière, A.-J., 1445
Feudal system, Coptic control of, 1535
Fibers used in Coptic textiles, 2211-2213
Figurines
metal, 1607
terra-cotta, 500-503, 501-503
Fikri, ‘Abdallah, 1994
Filatis (martyr), 1555
Filioque, 1112-1116, 1119
in Coptic Catholic church, 601
and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1250
history of controversy, 1112-1114
theological background and interpretation, 1114-1116
Filta’us Malati, 1688
Filya (martyr), 688
Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1002-1003
The First Book of Jeu, 897
First Principles (Origen). See De principiis
Fis, Saint, 716, 1116, 2083
Fish, as symbol in Coptic art, 2170-2171, 2171
Fishah, 1117
Flasks, 1602-1603
Flavian, Archbishop of
Constantinople, 44, 893, 913, 1440, 1441, 1672, 1948
and Eutyches, 1074, 1670
and Evagrius Ponticus, 2249
and John Chrysostom, 893, 1357
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249
Flavian of Ephesus, Bishop, 1117
Flavio, Biondo, 1119
Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus (prefect), 2009
Flavius Honorius, Emperor, 921
Flavius Philagrius (prefect), 2009
Flavius Strategius Apion, 155
Flight into Egypt, 1117-1118
and Armant, 233
and al-Ashmunayn, 233, 841
and Asyut, 927
and Bastah, 360-361
and Bilbeis, 391
and al-Burullus, 427
and al-Farama, 1089
Feast of the, 1107
and Harit Zuwaylah, 1207-1209
martyrdoms linked with, 1554
monastic sites associated with, 712, 716, 813, 818, 840, 841, 1653
and Nikiou, 1793
pilgrimage sites associated with, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1977
traditions about, 841-842
Flinders Petrie, W. M., 705, 1090
Florence, Copts at the Council of (1439-1443), 722, 1118-1119
on canon of New Testament, 2110
filioque debate, 1114, 1115-1116
and relations with Rome, 609
and Zar’a Ya‘qob of Ethiopia, 1052-1053
Florentinus, 1445
Florentius (patrician), 1074
Florianus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914
Florus (prefect), 2009
Flowers, woven textile, 2226
Flute, 1740, 1740
Flute of the Holy Spirit. See Jacob of Sartij
Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1713
Fontaine, A. L., 1090
Food and diet
abstinence, 17
Dayr Anba Bishoi refectory, 735-736
Dayr Epiphanius (Pachomian monks), 801-802
Epiphany feast, 1103
fasting prohibitions, 1093
funerary customs, 1125
Shamm al-Nasim feast day, 2126
see also Famines; Refectory
Foot washing. See Ablution; Feet, washing of
Formosus of Porto, Bishop, 1113
Formula of Satisfaction (Anastasius), 44, 1672
Fortescue, Adrian, 1120
Fortress of Babylon, 317-320, 318
and Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 607-608
Fortress of Candles. See Qasr al-Sham‘
Fortresses
hisn, 1237
Jabal ‘Adda, 1315
Qal‘at al-Babayn, 2035
Qasr Ibrim, 2036-2037
Qasr Nisimah, 2038
Qasr al-Sham‘, 2038
Talmis, 2200
Umm Dabadib, 2291
Vsee also Castrum
Fortress of Mount Sinai
Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1684
Forty-nine martyrs of Scetis, 12, 1120-1121
and Bilbeis, 391
buried at al-Batanun, 361
chapel at Dayr al-Suryan, 876, 880
church of (Harit al-Rum), 753, 2046
and John of Scetis, 1362
Fouad, King, 1694, 1990, 1992
Foucart, G., 924
Four Living Creatures in Coptic Art. See Christ, Triumph of Fourth Eclogue (Virgil), 1867
Fra Bartolomeo, 1532
Fraction, 1121, 1567
and Epiphany, liturgy of the, 967-968
and Lord’s Prayer, 1481
prayers, 17, 71
France
archaeological activity, 1398-1400, 1402
archaeological activity in the Kellia, 1398
Archaeological and Anthropological Museum, 1187
Coptic churches in, 1623
Coptic collections, 1701, 1705-1707; see also Louvre Museum
influence on Egyptian political parties, 1987-1988
Louvre Museum, 1481-1483
Mauritius, Saint, veneration, 1572
papyri collections, 1892
see also Coptological studies; French expedition in Egypt;
Scholars
Franciscan Center for Christian Oriental Studies, founding of, 1123
Franciscan Mission of Upper Egypt, 1123
Franciscans in Egypt, 1121-1123, 1699
Frankish kingdoms, 1112
Fraumünster, Zurich, 1082, 1110, 2057
Freer Collection, Washington, D.C., 843, 1136, 1895-1896
Free will, 1929
French expedition in Egypt, 1141, 1206, 1284, 1511-1512
and administrative organization of Egypt, 935, 1516
Coptic Legion, 1524; see also Coptic Legion
Coptic officials, 1687-1688
influence on Egyptian political thought, 1993
Jirjis al-Jawhari and, 1332-1334
Kléber, Jean Baptiste, participation, 1416
Mark VIII patriarchy during, 1538- 1539
military leadership, 1417, 1591- 1592
and Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty, 1691-1692
Muhammad al-Muhdi support, 1696
scholarship and, 1526, 1977
Shukrallah Jirjis and, 2136
Yaqub, General, 2349-2352
French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, Cairo, 256
French language, Arabic-French dictionary, 1284, 1285
French Oriental Army, 1417
French School, Rome, 925
Frescobaldi, 1977
Frescoes. See Painting, Coptic mural
Friars Minor of the Observance, 610
Friday. See Wednesday and Friday fast days
Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 1893
Friends of the Bible, 1124
Friezes, 1873, 2341-2342, 2342
Frumentius. See Salama I
Fugas, Bishop of Bontos (martyr), 1555
Fulvius Asticus, 906
Funeral masks, 2001
Funerary customs, 1124-1125
mourning, 1686
murals and portraiture, 1873, 2001-2003
objects, 263
rites, 425-426, 1128, 1901
stela, 2149-2152
see also Burial rites; Mourning in early Christian times;
Mummification
Furayj Ruways, hagiographical collection of, 1780
Fustat, Al- (Old Cairo)
and Arab conquest of Egypt, 188
Coptic churches’ legal status in, 687
DayrAbu Sayfayn, 710-711
Dayr bi’l-Habash, 796
foundation of, 188
Harit al-Rum section, 1206-1207
Harit Zuwaylah section, 1207- 1209
and Islamization, 937
as site of Egyptian mint, 575-576
transfer of Egyptian capital to, 88-89, 91, 96
Fustat Expedition of the American Research Center in Egypt. See
Ceramics of the late Coptic period
Futuh Misr (‘Abd al-Hakam), on the Arab conquest of Egypt, 183-
189
Fuwwah, 1125-1126
G_______________________
Gabra Manfas Qeddus, Ethiopian saint, 1055
Gabra Masqal, Ethiopian saint, 1047-1048
Gabr’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1014-1015, 1054
Gabriel (monk-priest of Dayr al-‘Adhra’, Samalut), 716
Gabriel (qummus of Dayr al-Muharraq), 840
Gabriel, Archangel, 190, 1135-1137
and the Annunciation, 528-529, 1102, 1199, 2256
and the Assumption of Mary, 292, 293, 2256
churches dedicated to, 845, 860, 1137
festival of, 845-846
and Herpaese and Julianus, Saints, 1226
monasteries dedicated to, 814, 845, 1654
paintings of, 868, 869
and Theotokos, feasts of the, 2256
Gabriel, Bishop of Atfih (Aphroditopolis), 726
Gabriel I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325
Gabriel I, Saint and Patriarch, 1127, 2083
dates of patriarchy, 1916
as monk of Dayr Anba Antuniytis, 722
Gabriel II ibn Turayk, Patriarch, 881, 1127-1128, 1613, 2083
and Apostolic Canons, 453
and canons of Coptic law, 450
on Canons of Epiphanius, 457
and Canons of Hippolytus, 458
compilation of difnar by, 1728
condemnation of cheirotonia, 517
dates of patriarchy, 1917
on Dayr Anba Bula, 741
and Dayr al-Sham‘, 863
and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980
and Holy Week scripture readings, 1251
imprisonment, 1129
and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006
successor, 1615
Gabriel III, Patriarch
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and Hasaballah, 1209
as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722
Gabriel IV, Patriarch, 1129-1130
dates of patriarchy, 1918
successor, 1569
and Timotheus, 1845
Gabriel V, Patriarch, 392, 1130-1132
dates of patriarchy, 1918
as monk at Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 759
Gabriel VI, Patriarch, 1133
dates of patriarchy, 1918
successor, 1616
writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335
Gabriel VII, Patriarch, 1133-1134
dates of patriarchy, 1918
and Petros II, Ethiopian prelate, 1018
and restoration of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 720, 722
and restoration of Dayr Anba Bula, 742
and Roman Catholic embassy, 952
writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335
Gabriel VIII, Patriarch, 1135
consecrated at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550
and Coptic relations with Rome, 609-610, 797-798, 810, 1134
dates of patriarchy, 1918
as monk at Dayr Anba Bishoi, 735
and Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364
Gabriel al-Durunki (priest-monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus), 722
Gabriel ibn Katib al-Qudiyyah, Bishop of Asyut, 1131
Gaianites, 734, 790, 876, 1138, 2054, 2139, 2241
see also Gaianus; Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus
Gaianus (rival patriarch of Alexandria), 1138, 2054, 2104, 2241
see also Gaianites
Gaius, Emperor. See Caligula
Galactotrophousa
depicted in Coptic art, 531
see also Virgo lactans
Galba, Emperor, patriarch under, 1913
Galerius, Emperor, 904, 906, 907, 1869
patriarch under, 1914
visit to Egypt, 2063, 2066
Gallery, 210
Gallielaion. See Oil of exorcism
Gallienus, Emperor, 909, 910, 1869
patriarch under, 1914
tolerance of Christians, 1936
Gallus, Emperor, 909
and Julian the Apostate, 1380
patriarch under, 1914
vision of the Holy Cross, 1244
Galtier, Emile Joseph, 1138
Games, wooden, 2339, 2340
Gangra, Council of (circa 340), 1138, 1543
Garden of the Monks. See Apophthegmata patrum
Garima, Ethiopian saint, 1046
Garments, sacred. See Liturgical vestments
Gaselee, Stephen, 1138
Gaul, 252-253, 255, 1381
Gayet, Albert Jean Marie Philippe, 847, 1138-1139, 1481
Gebhard, Johannes, 1921
Gelasius, Bishop of Caesarea, 2069
Gelasius I, Patriarch of Constantinople, 43
Gelasius, Saint, 2083
Gemination, vocalic. See Appendix
Genesis and Ecelesiastes (Didymus), 900
Geneva, University of, 1400
Gentilly, Synod of (767), 1112
Genuflection, 1139
Geographic Society, 1993
Geography, dialectal. See Appendix
Geometric designs, in paintings at Bawit, 372
George (martyr). See Jirjis al-Muzahim
George, Bishop of Pelusium, 1089
George, Saint, 230, 1139-1140, 1555, 2083
churches dedicated to, 686, 782, 784, 788, 820, 821, 1131, 1140, 1975
cycle of collected manuscript, 1782
and Horus myth, 248-249, 1762
iconography of, 248-250
monasteries dedicated to, 709, 824, 826, 830, 848, 850, 1658
in Nubian church art, 1812
pilgrimages linked with, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973
portraits of, 726, 727
relics of, 1131
George of Alexandria (martyr), 1555
George of Alexandria, Bishop, 1380, 1381
George the Ascetic (martyr), 1555
George of Cappadocia. See George, Saint
George the Copt. See Jirjis al-Qibti
George of Makouria, King, 1099, 1271
George of Scetis. See Abraham and George of Scetis, Saints
Georgia, Russia, 2243-2244
Georgius (Arian bishop of Alexandria), 98, 101, 102, 1869
Geradamus, 1150
Gérdios (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Germanicus (Roman imperial prince), 2061-2062, 2066
German Institute, 842
German State Library, Berlin, 1893
Germanus, Bishop, 910
Germany
Coptic churches in, 1623
Coptic collections in, 1701, 1703-1704
papyrus collection in, 1892- 1893
see also State Museum of Berlin
Gerspach, Edouard, 257
Ghali (19th-century Coptic finance minister), 1141, 1334, 1636, 1692, 2059
Ghali, Boutros. See Boutros Ghali
Ghali, Mint B., 1299
Gharbiyyah Province
Dayr Mar Mina in, 833
Dayr al-Maymah in, 837-838
Dimayrah in, 902-903
Dinushar in, 903
monasteries in, 1651-1652
Ghillebert de Lannoy, 720, 722, 1977
Ghost trap, 1508
Ghubriyal. See Gabriel
Ghubriyal, Kamil Ibrahim, 1743
Ghubriyal, Riyad, 1465, 1466
Ghuzz
plunder of Damru, 689
plunder of Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj), 764
Giambattista, Eliano, Father, 1134
Gildo, Count, 921
Gilles de Loche, 1977
Ginusi (martyr), 1555
Girdle, 342, 1476-1477, 1535
Girgis, V. A., 2022
Girgis Mattha, 1141
Giuliano Cesarini, Cardinal, 1119
Giversen, 5., 1894
Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006
Giyorgis II, Ethiopian prelate, 1008-1009
Giyorgis of Gasecha, Ethiopian Saint, 1051-1052
Giza, 1141-1142
Dayr al-Ahmar in, 716-7 17
Dayr al-Muharraqah in, 841-842
Dayr Nahya in, 843
Franciscan seminary in, 1123
see also Monasteries of the Lower Sa‘id
Gjmoumi. See Ashmun
Glass, Coptic, 1142-1147, 1143-1147
Islamic influence on, 1312
lamps, 1144-1145
inLouvre Museum, 1483
luster painting, 1146, 1311, 1312
preservation of, 280
religious uses, 1146-1147
restoration. See Art preservation
tableware and storage vessels, 1143-1144
technique, 1142-1143
window and wall decorating, 1145-1146
see also Art, historiography of Coptic
Glazing techniques, ceramic, 486-487, 510
Gloria in excelsis, 1147, 1732
Gnapheus (Coptic textile term), 2221
Gnômès, and the Arabic Canons of Nicaea, 1789-1790
Gnosis, 1147-1148, 1157, 1163, 1300, 1520
abraxas (word with numerical value), 14
apocryphons as source for understanding, 160, 172
in Jung Codex, 569
scholarship on, 2032, 2033
Gnostic Christians. See Gnosticism
Gnosticism, 1148-1151, 1453
abstinence practice, 17
Allogenes text, 105
in the Apocalypse of Adam, 156-157, 166
in the Apocalypse of James, First, 157-158
in the Apocalypse of James, Second, 158-159
in the Apocalypse of Paul, 159-160
in the Apocalypse of Peter, 160-161
and the Apocryphon of James, 169
and Authentikos logos, 304
Basilides, 356-357
in Byzantine Alexandria, 101
on celibacy, 1543
Celsus on, 479
Cerinthus on Incarnation, 1288
Clement of Alexandria on, 103, 470, 562-563
in Concept of Our Great Power, 583
and Coptic literature, 1450-1451
Coptic translation of Plato’s Republic, 1958
and Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898
Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898
and docetism, 917
Egyptian influence on, 1150
and Eugnostos the Blessed, 1068-1069
and Exegesis on the soul, 1081
Gabriel, Archangel, in literature of, 1135
Gnosis concept, 1147-1148, 1157, 1163; see also Gnosis
and Gospel of Mary, 1155
and Gospel of Philip, 1155-1156
and Gospel of Thomas, 1162, 1163
and Gospel of Truth, 1163-1164
Greek and Coptic-speaking adherents, 1177
Heracleon, 1219-1220
and Homoeans and homoiousion term, 1252, 1253
and Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261
and Hypsiphrone, 1262
and Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301
and Letter of Peter to Philip, 1446
link with monasticism, 1229, 1661
and liturgical music, 1732, 1735
magical spells, 1503
Marsanes, prophet, 1547
Melchizedek and, 1583-1584
in Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771-1773; see also Nag Hammadi Library
On the Origin of the World scripture, 1842-1844
papyri in Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 608
and Paraphrase of Shem, 1901- 1902
Plotinus refutation of, 1982
and Second Treatise of the Great Seth, 2117-2118
Sethian, 1154, 1222, 2117-2118, 2259-2260
seven “magic vowels”, 1732, 1735
and the Sophia of Jesus Christ, 1068-1069
and Testimony of Truth, 2209-2210
and Thought of Norea, 2257
and Three Stelae of Seth, 2259-2260
and Thunder, Perfect Mind, 2260
and Treatise on the Resurrection, 2275
and Trimorphic Protennoia, 2276-2277
and Tripartite Tractate, 2277
and Valentinian Exposition, 2295-2296
and Valentinus, 157-158, 2296-2297
and Zostrianus, 2371-2372
see also Apocalypse headings; Manichaeism
Gobidlaha, Dado, and Caxo, Saints, 1151-1152, 1555
Goblets, 1601-1603
God-bearer. See Theotokos
Goethe, Johann, 1149
Gold dinars, 574, 575-576, 709
Goldsmiths, 1595, 1604
Gondophernes, King of Malabar, 1635
Good Friday, 1104, 1152-1153, 1252, 1904
candles, 446
and Holy Saturday, 1247-1249
lectern placement, 1435
music, 1720, 1721, 1729
Good news. See Gospel headings
Gordian. See Epimachus and Gordian (martyrs)
Gordianus III, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914
Gorst, Sir Aldon, 1466, 1627
Gospel. See Egerton Gospel; Evangeliary; Evangelist; Gospels; specific names
Gospel book, 1474
Gospel casket, 1153, 1474
Gospel of the Egyptians, 1153-1154
and Gospel of Thomas, 1163
and Zostrianus, 2372
Gospel of the Hebrews, 1163, 1619
Gospel of Mary, 897, 1155
Gospel of Philip, 897, 1155-1157, 1164
and Authentikos logos, 309
and Valentinian Exposition, 2296
Gospels
Arabic translations, 282, 1464
in Bohairic dialect, 2138
Gospel of Saint John, 1078, 1148
on Last Supper, 1060-1061
on the nature of Christ, 524
parchment manuscript, 1885
Gospel of Saint Luke, 1078, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1163, 2195
commentary on, 1456
Lord’s Prayer, 1480
parchment manuscript, 1885
Gospel of Saint Mark, 1078, 1157-1162, 1529, 1530-1531, 1532, 1910, 2195
commentary on, 1456
parchment manuscript, 1885
see also Secret Gospel of Saint Mark
Gospel of Saint Matthew, 1078, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1163, 1544, 1881, 2195
on events of Holy Saturday, 1247
linked with Ebionites, 930
Lord’s Prayer, 1480
reading for altar consecration, 108
Gospels, synoptic, 1157, 2195
see also Gospel of Saint Luke; Gospel of Saint Matthew; Gospel of Saint Mark
Gospel of Thomas, 897-898, 1162-1163, 1981, 2032
on Ebionites, 929-930
and Gospel of Mary, 1155
and Gospel of Philip, 1156
Gospel of Truth, 569, 1151, 1163-1164
in Jung Codex, 569
and Valentinus, 2297
Gothic War, 2020
Goths, conversion of, 2285
Goutinos (monk), 317
Government
Egyptian provincial reforms, 2007-2009, 2022-2023
Murqus Simaykah service, 1700
pagarch system, 1871-1872
patriarchal selection approval, 1911
political parties, 1986-1996
political party leadership, 1747-1748
Rizq Agha service, 2059
Roman emperors in Egypt, 2061-2063
Roman intervention in, 2064
see also Mamluks and Copts; Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty; Political
thought in modern Egypt; Roman Empire; Taxation; specific
personal names, titles, and related subjects
Graeco-Roman. See Greco-Roman headings
Graf, Georg, 1165, 1735, 2019
Graf, Theodor, 1389
Graffin, René, 1165
Graffiti, 1165
at al-Dayr, 695
at Dayr al-Bahri, 780, 781
at Kellia, 2129
medical, 1888
Nubian, 1172
at Shams al-Din, 2126-2127
at al-Shaykh Hasan, 2129
at al-Shaykh Sa‘id, 2130
see also Inscriptions
Grammars, Coptic, 34, 1266, 1268, 1302, 2148
Granite, Coptic sculpture in, 2113
Grapow, Hermann, 1165
Gratian, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914
Graves. See Burial rites and practices; Cemeteries; Mummification;
Stela; Tombs
Gravestones. See Stela; Tombs
Graziani, Rodolfo, 1041, 1042
Great Britain
Anglican Church in Egypt, 133
Coptic art influence in, 252
Coptic churches in, 1623-1624
Coptic collections in, 1707-1710
Coptic influences in the British Isles, 416-419
Coptic Street (London), 611-612
and Egyptian political relations, 1989- 1991
English saints, 418-419
occupation of Egypt, 1627-1628, 1637, 1693-1694, 1748
papyrus collections in, 1893-1894
see also names of specific .institutions and museums
Great Doxology, 923
Great Intercessions, in Mass of the Catechumens, 1564
Great Lent, 1102, 1437
see also Lent
Great Persecution (303-312), 88, 906-907, 919, 921
see also Diocletian, Emperor; Diocletian Era
Great Power. See Concept of Our Great Power
Great Synagogue (Tamuh), 717
Greco-Roman influence on Coptic art and architecture, 261-269, 262, 263, 264, 265
Greco-Roman Museum, Alexandria, 74, 75, 1891
Greece
Coptic collections in, 1710
monasticism in, 1663
Greek accounting practices. See Accounts and accounting, history of
Coptic
Greek Church of Saint George, 320
Greek correspondence, 968-969
Greek culture. See Hellenism
Greek deities, 1865
see also specific names
Greek fathers (patristics), 1920, 1921, 1982
Greek language, 1165-1169, 1175, 1176, 1178
accounting, 53
acrostics, 1986
in Alexandria, 97
Apostles’ Creed in, 178
archives, 526
Bible manuscripts. See Bible manuscripts, Greek
and Coptic legal sources, 1438
and Coptic literature, 1450-1451, 1453-1455, 1456
and Coptic music, 1731-1732
Didache manuscript, 898-899
Egyptian papyri, 1889
Egypt in late antiquity, 946
foreign influences on, 1169
Hesychius of Alexandria dictionary, 1227
influence on Demotic and Coptic languages, 1169
inscriptions in, 327-328, 1171, 1290, 1291, 1292
Isidorus of Pelusium’s letters, 1309
legends of martyrs in, 1550
Life of Paul of Thebes in, 1926
Liturgy of Saint Mark, 1539-1540
Lives of Pachomius, Saint, 1860-1861, 1862, 1863
medieval Nubian clergy use of, 1813, 1816, 1817
Mysteries of Greek Letters treatise, 1749-1750
Nonnos of Panopolis epics, 1799
papyri, 1166, 1890-1896, 1898, 1900
Physiologos, 1965-1966
post-Arab conquest use in Egypt, 189
Procopius’ works in, 2020
Psalis in, 1727
Pseudo-Macarius homilies, 2027, 2028
spread and changes in Egypt, 1165-1167
see also Alphabet, Greek; Toponymy, Coptic
Greek language in Christian Nubia, 1171-1173
Greek Monastery. See Dayr al-Rumi; Dayr al-Rumaniyyah
Greeks in Egypt, 1174-1178
impact on Alexandria, 97-98, 99, 100
Melchites and Copts, 1583
numerals in Coptic system, 1820-1822
philosophy, 1958
see also Hellenism
Greek towns in Egypt, 413, 1179-1181
Greek transcriptions. See Appendix
Green, M., 1895
Gregorian calendar. See Calendar, Gregorian
Gregorios, Bishop of al-Qays, 709
Gregory, Saint. See Liturgy of Saint Gregory
Gregory I (Gregory the Great), Pope (Rome), 71, 921, 1339, 1921
Gregory II, Patriarch, 1182, 2047
Gregory of Damietta, Metropolitan, 1613-1614
Gregory of Dumyat, Bishop, 926
Gregory the Illuminator, Saint and Patriarch of Armenia, 1183, 1555
Gregory of Kois, Bishop, 2092-2093
Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint, 114, 1183-1184, 1308, 1309, 1619, 1921, 2083
anaphora, 71, 124-125, 1066, 1733
on angels, 132
on Athanasius I, 298
on communicatio idiomatum, 578
consecration and translation of, 398-399
and Constantinople, First Council of, 594, 2263
and Didymus the Blind, 900
on Easter designation, 1104
encomia, 1196
and Evagrius Ponticus, 1076
on filioque, 1115
and Julian the Apostate, 1380
on Kyrie eleison, 1420
on meaning of candles, 446
and Origen, 471, 1854, 1855
patristic writings, 1921
Rufinus translations of, 2068
Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 114, 1183, 1184-1185, 2083
and the Anomoeans, 142
on celibacy, 476
collected homilies of, 1778
on communicatio idiomatum, 578
and eschatology, 973
on eucharistic divine transformation, 1058, 1059
and filioque justification, 1115
on immersion, 1286
Isidorus of Pelusium correspondence with, 1308
on orientation toward the East during prayers, 1846
patristic writings, 1921
philosophical writings, 1958
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249
see also Canons of Gregory of Nyssa
Gregory al-Sinawiti (the Sinaite). See Gregory II, Patriarch
Gregory Thaumaturgus, 1577
Gregory Theodorus, 1848
Gregory the Theologian. See Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint
Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, 110, 1091, 1185
and Girgis Mattha, 1141
and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804
on Nubian languages and literature, 1815
and Nubian mural art in churches, 1811
Griffith Institute, Oxford University, 895
Groff, William N., 1185
Grohmann, Adolf, 1185-1186, 1389
Grossmünster, Zurich, Switzerland, 1082, 1083, 1110, 2057
Guardian angel, 1186
Abbaton, 2
Gubba, Ethiopian saint, 1046
Guidi, Ignazio, 1186-1187
Guild. See Confraternity
Guillaumont, Antoine, 694, 1397, 1398
Guimet, Emile Etienne, 1187, 1481
Guimet Museum, Lyons, France, 1482
H_______________________
Haase, Felix, 1189
Hawawish, al-, monasteries near, 713
Habachi, Banub, 1541
Habakkuk, 1618
Habashi, Saba, 1993
Habib Jirjis, 933, 1189, 1464, 2354
Habu, pharaonic temple of, 196
Haddad, Nicola, 1996
Hades, 1189-1190, 1900
and Holy Saturday, 1247
see also Judgment, Last
Hadra of Aswan, Saint, 130, 745, 1190, 2083
see also Dayr Anba Hadra
Hadra of Benhadab, Saint, 1190-1191, 1922, 2083
Hadrian, Emperor
Antinoopolis founding by, 142, 1170, 1181
martyrdom of daughter, 1552
patriarch under, 1913, 1914
temples, 863
visit to Egypt, 2062, 2065, 2066
Hadrian I, Pope (Rome), 1112
Haffaz, 696
Hafiz, al-, Caliph, 1097-1098, 1099, 1128-1129
Hafn, 1528
Hafs ibn al-Walid al-Hadrami, Caliph, 1410
Hage (village), 771
Hagiographa, in Jewish canon, 2109
Hagiography, Coptic, 1191-1197, 1921
on anachoresis, 120
on Cycle of Diocletian martyrs, 153
National Library (Paris) manuscripts, 1777-1782
Synaxarion as primary source of, 2174
see also Cycle
Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 235, 1041, 1042, 1197-1199, 1628, 1909, 2363
and conference of Oriental Orthodox churches, 1845-1846
and Cyril II, Patriarch, 6744
Hail Mary, 1199
Hajar Danfiq, Dayr al-Salib, 859
Hajir Idfu, 1200, 1200
see also Dayr al-Malak Makha’il (Idfu)
Hakim Bi-Amr-Illah Abu ‘Ali Mansur, al-, 94, 843, 854, 1104,
1200-1203, 1517, 1524, 1525, 1776
and Abu al-‘Ala’ Fahd ibn Ibrahim, 17-18
and Abu al-Fadl ‘Isa ibn Nasturus, 18-19
and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558
and Epiphany tanks, 968
Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas and, 1306
and Pbow basilica destruction, 1927, 1929
persecutions under, 1097, 1201, 2313-2314
Zacharias, Patriarch, 2367
Hakim, Tawfiq al-, 1995
Halkin, F., 1445
Hall, Henry Reginald Holland, 780, 1203, 1585
Hall, Stuart G., 1585
Hallelujah. See Alleluia
Halo. See Nimbus
Hamai of Kahyor, Saint (martyr), 1203-1204, 1555
Hamal. See Eucharistic bread
Hamburg Papyrus, 380-381, 1204-1205, 1893
Hamidat, Al-, 1205
Hammam (Bedouin), 1538
Hammam (village), 806
Hamzah, ‘Abd al-Qadir, 1990
Handbags, 645
Hand cymbals. See Cymbals
Hands, laying-on of. See Laying-on of hands
Hands, washing of, 8-9, 1469
Hanna, Murqus, 1466
Hanna Herkel. See Haragli, Jean
Hanna Salib Sa‘d, 1206, 1591
Haragli, Jean, 1206
Hardy, Edward R., 1206
Harit al-Rum (Old Cairo), 1206-1207, 1647, 2046
church restoration, 2315
convents, 2325
icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 293-294
patriarchal residence, 1348, 1913, 2000
Harit Zuwaylah (Old Cairo), 23, 1207-1209, 1647, 1963
and al-‘Adhra’ church, 322-323
church blessing, 404
church closures and burial prohibitions, 1128
church of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1594
convents, 2325
and flight into Egypt, 1118
icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 294
patriarchal seat and residence, 1133, 1344, 1348, 1913
Harmina, Saint, 808, 1209, 1255, 2084
Harmonics (Claudius Ptolemy), 1731
Harnack, Adolf von, 1452, 1921
Haroeris (pagan deity), 1418
Harp, 1734, 1738, 1740
Harp of the Believing Faith. See Jacob of Saruj
Harraniyyah, tapestry workshops at, 2051
Harun, Apa, monastery of, 1652
Harwaj (martyr), 1555
Hasaballahb, Bishop of Shansha, 1209-1210
Hasab-Allah al-Bayadi, Mu‘allim, 722
Hasan (son of al-Hafiz), 1129
Hasan ‘Abd al-Raziq Pasha, 1987
Hasan al-‘Attar, Shaykh, 1654, 1994
Hasina. See Menas and Hasina (martyrs)
Hassan ibn Thabit, 1528
Hathor (pagan deity), 816, 817, 853, 1740, 1874
Isis fusion with, 1752
temple at Dandarah, 690, 691
Hatshepsut (pagan deity), 1874
temple excavations, 227
temple of, 779, 780, 781, 786
Hatur (third month of Coptic calendar), 438, 440, 2176-2177
Hauser, Walter, 1210
Hawashi al-Safawiyyah (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal), 2076
Hawtharah, Caliph, 1411
Hawwarah, 1210-1211, 1210
Hawwariyyah, 718, 1211-1212, 1211
basilica of, 213
Hay, R., 780
Haykal. See Altar; Sanctuary
Haykal, Muhammad Husayn, 1995
Haykal al-taqdimah. See Prothesis
Headdress, Coptic women, 641-642
Healings in Coptic literature, 1212-1214
by laying-on of hands, 1433
see also Unction of the sick, Holy Sacrament of the
Heaven, 1214
see also Paradise
Heavenly Hymn, 1565
Hebbelynck, Adolphe, 1215, 1749, 1895
Hebrews. See Jews and Judaism; Old Testament
Hebrews in the Furnace, in Coptic art, 388-390
Hefele, Karl Joseph, 1215
Hegel, George, 1149
Hegumenos, 1215-1216
and appointment of Theophilos I, Archbishop, 2247
archimandrite differentiation, 192, 193
in ecclesiastical hierarchy,1229, 2015
Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335
and John V, Patriarch, 1340
al-Makin Jirjis, 1513
Makramallah, 1515
provost and, 2024
of Scetis, 2103
Yacobos II, Archbishop, 2349
Yusab II, Patriarch, 2363
see also Proestos
Hegumenos, ordination of a, 1216
Heinkel, Dettlof, 720
Helena, Saint and Empress (mother of Constantine), 660, 1243, 1377, 1378, 1971, 1972
Helias. See Elias
Helias, Bishop (martyr), 1555
Heliogabalus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914
Hell
in Coptic theology, 974
see also Hades
Hellenism
Alexander Romance, 2059
Alexandria as center of, 91, 95-96, 100, 2065
and Arianism, 231
decline in Egypt, 946
and development of Alexandrian theology, 103-104, 1866
Judaism and, 1957
see also Greek headings
Helwan. See Hilwan
Henein Makarious. See Makaryus Hunayn
Hengstenberg, Wilhelm, 1217
Henoch, 1867
Henoticon (Instrument of Unity), 1217-1218, 2370
Acacian Schism and, 43, 44, 45, 47, 55, 1671, 1672
Acephaloi opposition to, 55
Armenian church acceptance, 234
and Eutyches anathematization, 1075
John I and, 1337
Mark II and, 1534
Peter III Mongus and, 1948
Philoxenus of Mabbug and, 1962
Severus of Antioch on, 2124
and Timothy Salofaciolus, 2269
Henry I of Germany, 1572
Henry II of Germany, 1113
Henschenius, G., 56
Hephaestus (pagan deity), 1768
Heraclas, Saint and Patriarch, 1219, 2084
and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 472
and conversion of Dionysius the Great, 909
dates of patriarchy, 1914
as Demetrius I successor, 893
and Origen, 1847
Heracleas and Philemon (martyrs), 1555
Heracleon, 356-357, 1151, 1219-1220
Heracleopolis Magna. See Ahnas
Heracleopolis Parva, 1648
Heracles, 73
Heraclides, Saint (martyr), 1220-1221, 1555
Heraclius (general), 1938, 1940
Heraclius, Emperor
acceptance of Monenergist creed, 1676
and Arab conquest of Egypt, 184
Chalcedon dogma, 837
ecthesis formula, 682, 931, 1666, 1678
fast of, 1093-1094, 1095
and liberation of the cross, 660, 1243
patriarch under, 1915
Herai, Saint, 1221
see also Ter and Erai, Saints
Herais (martyr), 892
Heraiscus, 283, 1221-1222, 1868
Herakleides of Tamiathis/Dumyat, Bishop, 925
Herakleopolis. See Ahnas Hercules
depicted in Coptic art, 1761, 1762
see also Amazons
Herculia (Egyptian province), 905
Heresiologists, 1921
Heresy, 1222
Agnoetae, 70-71
anointing of heretics, 138-139
Apollinarianism, 173-174
Bukhisha sect on passion of Jesus, 94-95
Damian countermeasures, 688, 689
Didascalia on, 899
Dionysius the Great on, 911
docetism, 917
in Dumyat, 925
Ethiopian, 984-987, 1012-1013, 1052-1053
Eutychianism, 1075
evaluation of Arius’ beliefs, 232
on immersion and baptism, 1286
on Incarnation, 1288
Jerome, Saint, efforts against, 1323
Leo I the Great and, 1440-1442
Manichaeism, 1519-1522
Maximus, patriarch, and, 1585
Monarchianism, 1637-1638
Pelagianism, 1929-1930
in Pentapolis, 1934
Sabellianism, 911, 2072
Subordinationism, 1484
see also Arianism; Ethiopian heresies and theological controversies
Hermas, 1223
and Acts of Peter and Twelve Apostles, 62-63
as apostolic father, 180
on guardian angels, 1186
on immersion and baptism, 1186
patristic writings, 1920
Hermeneutics, canonical, 2110
Hermes Trismegistus-Thoth, 284, 917, 1150, 1223-1224, 1617, 1867, 1868
Hermetic texts. See Aselepius 21-29; Discourse on the Eighth and
Ninth; The Prayer of Thanksgiving
Hermitage, 1224-1225
Eastern desert, 1649-1650
Gharbiyyah Province, 1652
of Isna, 1660
Jabal Tafnis, 1316-13 17
Kellia grouping, 1398-1400
Kom Namrud, 1418
Hermitage Museum. See State Hermitage Museum, Leningrad
Hermitages, Theban, 1225, 1656
Hermit dress. See Costume of the religious
Hermits
Abraham and George of Scetis, Saints, 12-13
Abraham of Minuf, Saint, 13
Agathon, Saint, 3
Ammonius of Tunah, 114
anachoresis, 118-120
and anchorite monasticism, 129-130, 1662
al-‘Araj tombs, 189-190
Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240-241
at burning bush site, 1682
cells and chambers, 1403
Daniel, 691-692
and Dayr Abu Daraj, 1649, 697
and Dayr Abu Fanah, 698
and Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701, 703
and Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 728, 1649
and Dayr Anba Bula, 1649
and Dayr Anba Maqar, 749, 754
and Dayr al-Bakhit, 786
and Dayr Epiphanius, 800, 801, 802
and Dayr al-Jabrawi, 811
and Dayr Mar Mina (Gharbiyyah), 833
and Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 826
and Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 850
and Dayr Rifah, 855-856
and Dayr al-Sanad, as center for, 860
and Dayr al-Saqiyah as center for, 861
and Dayr Yuhannis, 883
Didymus the Blind, 900
and early British Christian converts, 417-418
income-producing work, 802
Isaiah of Scetis, 1305-1306
Ishaq, 772
and Jabal al-Silsilah region, 1656-1657
in Jabal Tafnis region, 314, 1316-1317
John Sabas, 1369
and Kharjah (great oasis), 1658
laura, 1428
lodgings, 477-478; see also Caves; Cell; Hermitage; Laura
Macarius the Egyptian, 1491
at Meir, 1582-1583
monks as, 1667
Moses, 691-692
Murqus al-Antuni, 1699
Nubian, 1818
Palaemon, Saint, 1876
Palamon, 1876
Paphnutius, Saint, 1882-1883
Patasius, 1908
Paul of Tamma, Saint, 1923-1925
Paul of Thebes, 1925-1926
Phis, 1963
in Qalamun, 758
at quarries of Shaykh Hasan, 1654
Qurnat Mar‘i, 2040-2041
Rufinus history of Coptic, 2068
seven ascetics of Tunah, 2122
in Suhaj area, 76 1-762
Timotheus, Saint, 2262-2263
women as, 1663
see also Anchorite; Caves; Cell; Reclusion
Hermolaus, 1882
Hermonthis. See Armant
Hermopolis Magna. See Ashmunayn, al-
Hermopolis Mikra (the Lower). See Damanhur
Hermopolis Parva. See Damanhur
Herod, King, 533, 1117, 1395
Herodotus, 1165, 1166, 1174, 1686
Herpaese and Julianus, Saints, 1225-1226
Hesychia, 1662
Hesychian Bible, 1226
Hesychius (monk of Saint Sabas), 2046
Hesychius, Bishop, 1226
and Egyptian Bible text, 382, 1226
Hesychius of Alexandria, 1226-1227
Heuser, Gustav, 1227, 2022
Hexameron (Pseudo-Epiphanius of Cyprus), collection of, 1782
Hexapla and Tetrapla (Origen), 1227-1228, 1848, 1852, 1853
Hibat-Allah ‘Abd-Allah ibn Sa‘id al-Dawlah al-Qibti, 1228
Hibat-Allah ibn ‘Assal, Al-. See Awlad al-‘Assal
Hickmann, Hans, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1739, 1740, 1741-1742, 1743
Hides and skins
preservation of, 280
see also Leatherwork, Coptic
Hieracas of Leontopolis, 1228-1229
and authorship of Testimony of Truth, 2210
possible Coptic texts of, 1451
Hierakion, camp of. See Dayr al-Jabrawi
Hierarchy, church, 1229-1230, 2015-2016
see also specific titles
Hieroglyphs
Coptic language used to decipher, 614
see also Rosetta Stone
High Council. See Consultative Council
Higher Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, 1993
Higher Institute of Coptic Studies (Cairo), 563, 933, 1230, 1629-1630, 2091
and the Clerical College, 564
music department, 1737
and Yassa ‘Abd al-Masih, 2353
Hijab. See Iconostasis
Hijabs (amulets), Nubian, 1814
Hijazah
Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Qus) near, 711, 1657
pilgrimages to, 1972
Hilaria (martyr), 1552, 1555
Hilaria, Saint, 749, 1230-1231, 2084
Hilarion (eunuch). See Hilaria, Saint
Hilarion, Saint (fourth-century monk), 1232, 1664, 2084
Hilarius, Pope, 1441
Hilary, Bishop of Arles, 1440, 1921
Hilwan, 708, 1232-1235, 1233, 1234, 1303
Hinnis, Abu. See Dayr Abu Hinnis
Hintze, F., 1893
Hippolytus (Roman presbyter), 1235-1236, 1637
on baptism, 182
on Nativity, 1102
and Origen, 470-471
patristic writings, 1921
see also Apostolic Tradition; Canons of Hippolytus
Hippolytus (Sethian), 1902
Hisab-dobia. See Accounts and
accounting; Bookkeeping
Hisbah, 1236-1237
Hishah, Caliph, 87
Hisn, 1237
Historia Augusta, 1961
Historia ecelesiastica (Eusebius), 8, 84, 911, 1070-1071, 1323,
1455, 1530, 1920
Sozomen continuation of, 2145
Theodoret continuation of, 2236
see also Eusebius of Caesarea
Historia ecciesiastica (Rufinus translation), 2068
Historia lausiaca (Palladius), 3, 88, 894, 1238, 1876, 1877, 1878
on Antinoopolis, 144
on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701
on monasteries for women, 1663
on Paul the Simple, 1923
Historia monachorum in Aegypto, 330, 894, 1237-1238
on Ammonas, Saint, 113
on Ammonius, 114
on anchorites at Achoris, 2261
and Bawit and, 362
on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701
hegumenos title in, 1215
and Isaac, Disciple of Apollo, 1304
on John of Lycopolis, 809, 1238, 1363, 1364
on Macarius Alexandrinus, 1490
on Paphnutius, 1884
on Paul the Simple, 1923
on proliferation of monks, 1662
Rufinus and, 2069
Historians
Abrim al-Qibti, Anba, 14
Abu al-Fakhr al-Masihi, 19
Abu al-Makarim, 23
Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib, 33
Chronicon orientale, 548
Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071
History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241
Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id, 1265-1266
Isidhurus, 1307
Josephus Flavius, 1375-1376
al-Makin, ibn al-‘Amid, 1513
Manassa Yuhanna, 1518
al-Maqrizi, Taqiy al-Din, 1525
Mawhub ibn Mansur ibn Mufarrij al-Iskandarani, 1573-1574
Mikha’il Sharubim, 1630, 1631
Neale, John Mason, 1784-1785
Neander, Johann August Wilhelm, 1784-1785
Olympiodorus of Thebes, 1840
Palladius, 1876-1877
papyrology, 1888-1889
Philostorgius, 1958-1959
Procopius, 2019-2020
Puech, Henri-Charles, 2032-2033
Remondon, Roger, 2057
Rufinus, 2068-2069
Socrates, 2142
Sozomen, 2145
al-Suqa‘i Fadl Allah ibn Fakhr, 2160
Theodoret, 2236
theological literature, 1920-1921
Ya‘qub Nakhlah Rufaylah, 2353
Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364-2365
Historiography. See Art, historiography of Coptic
History of Churches and Monasteries. See Abu al-Makarim
History of the Church (Sozomen), 666, 1455, 2145
History of the Coptic Nation, 1466
History of the Coptic Patriarchs. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria
History of the Holy Eastern Church (Neale), 1784
History of Joseph the Carpenter, 1136, 1372-1373
Coptic version, 1372-1373
The History of the Copts under the Domination of the Turk and
Abyssinian Emperors (Yusuf Abu Daqn), 2364
History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241, 2101
on Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, 10, 11
on Anastasius, 125, 126
on Andronicus, 131
on Asyut, 296-297
on Athanasius II, 302
on Athanasius III, 303
authorship, 1239-1241, 1460, 1461, 1573-1574
and Bagham Ibn Baqurah al-Sawwaf, 329
and Barbish, 349
and Bashmur, 349
and Benjamin II, 377-378
on bishops from al-Farama, 1089
on Bucalis, 134
and Burah, 425
and Bush, 427
on censer and incense use, 1471
and churches at Babylon, 323
on the Crusades, 664-665
on Damallu, 686
Damian discourse on the Logos in, 689
Damru mention, 689, 690
on Dan’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1002
Daqahlah mention, 693
on Dayr Anba Shinudah, 762, 764
on Dayr Apa Anub, 770
on Dayr al-‘Asal, 782
on Dayr al-Fakhuri, 802
on Dayr Mart Maryam, 835
on Dayr al-Muharraq, 840
on Dayr Nahya, 843
on Dayr al-Sham‘, 863
on Demetrius I, 892
and Dionysius the Great, 909, 911
on Dioscorus I, 915
on Enaton monasteries, 956
on Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint, 965-966
on Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1002-1003
on flight into Egypt, 842
on Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006
on Giyorgis II, Ethiopian prelate, 1008-1009
on Hilwan, 1232
on icons, 1278
on Idku, 1280
on Isaac the Deacon, 1304
on John I, 1337
on John III, 808
on John IV, 1338
on John V, 1340
on John IX, 1344
on John X, 1344
on John XI, 1344
on John XII, 1346
on John XIV, 1347
on John XVII, 1349
on John XVIII, 1350
on John of Nikiou, Bishop, 1366-1367
on Julian the Apostate, 1382
on the Kellia, 1397-1398
on Macarius II, 1487, 1488
on Marwan II, 695-696
on Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006-1007
on Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007- 1008
on miracles, 707
on monasteries, 698
in National Library (Paris), 1781
on Origen, 1851
on patrology, 1921
on persecutions under Mamluks, 1343
on Peter VII, 1950
and Qurrah, 358-359
on relics of John the Baptist, 1355
on Sawiros, Ethiopian prelate, 1005-1006
on Scetis monasteries, 782
on Tall Atrib, 2200
on Tamnuh, 2201
and Tanbida, 2201
on Theodorus, Patriarch, 2237
on Theophanes, Patriarch, 2247
on Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001
and Yuhanna, 2356
History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria
Hiw, 1242-1243
Dayr Mar Mina, 833-834
and toponymy, Coptic, 2272
Hizb al-Ahrar al-Dusturiyyin. See Liberal Constitutional Party
Hizb al-Dimuqrati al-Misri, al. See Egyptian Democratic Party
Hizb al-Hay’ah al-Sa‘Diyyah. See Sa‘dist Party
Hizb al-Islah ‘Ala al-Mabadi’ al-Dustruriyyah. See Reform Party on
Constitutional Principles
Hizb al-Ittihad. See Union Party
Hizb al-Misri, al-. See Egyptian Party
Hizb al-Sha‘b. See People’s Party
Hizb al-Ummah. See Nation’s party
Hizb al-Watani. See Nationalist Party
Hiziqyal. See Ezekiel (Hiziqyal) (monk)
The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. See Gospel of the Egyptians
The Holy City, on Dayr al-Sultan, 872
Holy Communion. See Communion; Eucharist
Holy Cross Day, 1243-1244
Holy Ghost. See Holy Spirit
Holy Horseman, as Christian subject in Coptic art, 538
Holy Land
custody of, 1122
pilgrims’ assistance agency, 2049
Saladin’s reconquest of, 1536
see also Crusades, Copts and the: Jerusalem, Coptic See of; Mount
Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine; Palestine
Holy Land, Coptic churches in the, 1244-1247
see also Jerusalem, Coptic See of
Holy Light. See Apparition of the Holy Light
Holy Matrimony. See Marriage
Holy Mother. See Theotokos; Virgin Mary; Virgin Mary, Apparition of the
Holy Myron. See Chrism
Holy Oil. See Chrism
Holy Roman Emperors, 1572
Holy Saturday, 1247-1249
Holy Sepulcher
and Coptic Good Friday celebration, 1153
reopened for pilgrimages (1426), 1130
Holy Spirit, 1437, 1446, 2028
Arianism on, 230
confirmation to receive, 585-586
descent on the disciples, 1105-1106, 1529
epiclesis, 964, 1566-1567
filioque controversy, 1112-1116
gnosticism on, 2256
and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433
theological homilies on, 1183, 1184
Holy Spirit, Coptic doctrine of the, 1249-1250
Holy Synod. See Synod, Holy
Holy Thursday. See Maundy Thursday
Holy Trinity. See Trinitarianism; Trinity
Holy Week, 1095, 1102, 1103-1104, 1251-1252, 1904
fasting, 1152
footwashing, 1107-1108, 1426-1427
and genuflection, 1139
Kiss of Peace prohibition during, 1416
lectern placement, 1435
lectionary for, 1437
Lord’s Prayer during, 1481
music for, 1715, 1721
patriarchal residence, 1912
use of ambo during, 111
see also Easter; Good Friday; Holy Saturday; Maundy Thursday;
Palm Sunday; Resurrection
Homer, 1889
Homiletic cycles, 666-668
Homilies
of Amphilochius of Iconium, 115-116
of Andrew of Crete, 130-131
of Demetrius of Antioch, 894
on flight into Egypt, 669-670
Gnostic Christian, 898
of Gregory of Nazianzus, 1183, 1184
Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301
of Jacob of Saruj, 1319, 1781, 1738
of John Chrysostom, 352, 1135, 1778, 1779, 2053, 2054
manuscripts in National Library, Paris, 1778
of Origen, 1847, 1852-1853
of Peter I, 1945-1946
of Proclus, 1356, 1454, 2017-2018
Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria, 681, 2025-2026
Pseudo-Macarius, 2027-2028
al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal works on, 276
on Saint Luke’s Gospel (Origen), 1847
of Severian of Jabalah, 2122-2123
of Theophilus, Patriarch, 2252
see also Cycle; Encomia; Literature, Coptic; Manuscripts
Homoeans, 1252-1253, 2119
Homoiousion, 84, 127, 141, 1253, 1677, 2096
adopted by semi-Arians, 2119
Homoousion, 84, 127, 141, 1070, 1253-1254, 1575, 1677
Athanasius I and, 298
and Constantine I and, 590
Marcellus support, 1526
Nicaea, Council of, on, 590, 1791
in Nicene Creed, 1792, 1793
Origen on, 1849
Honorius, Emperor, 789-790, 891
Honorius I, Pope (Rome), 1666, 1667, 1679
Hopfner, T., 1891
Hop of Tukh, Apa and Saint, 1254, 2084
Hor, 1254
Hor, Apa (martyr), 722, 1553, 1555, 1974, 1975
Hor, Apa and Saint, 1255, 2084
Hor of Abrahat, Saint, 771, 1255, 1963, 2084
Horapollon, 1255-1256
and Asclepiades, 283
and Chairemon of Alexandria, 512
and Hellenization, 1168
Heraiscus relationship, 1221-1222
Horizontal loom, 2215
Hormisdas, Pope (Rome), and Acacian schism, 45, 46, 47, 1383
Homer, George W., 1257
Horologion. See Canonical hours, Book of
Horseman
depicted in Coptic embroidery, 2223
depicted on ornamental comb, 2337
Parthian, depiction in Coptic art, 538, 1259
terra-cotta, 503
woodwork, 2340
Horseshoe arch, 211
Horsiesios, Saint, 32, 1257, 1448, 1664, 1861, 1862, 1864, 2084
Coptic texts of, 1451-1452
as desert father, 894
and Pachomius, 1257, 2240
papyrus collection of letters, 1894
and Pbow, 1927
and Petronius, 1952, 2240
and Pisentius of Hermonthis, 1978
and Theodorus of Alexandria as interpreter, 2238
and Theodorus of Tabennese, 2240
Horus (pagan deity), 134, 243, 244, 281, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1590,
1752
depicted in Coptic art, 1259, 1761-1762
and iconography of George, Saint, 248-249
iconography of, 248-249, 249
linked with Damanhur (town), 686
temples built to, 262
Hosanna, 1258
Hosius, Bishop of Cordova, 83, 84
Hos (song of praise), 63, 1725-1726, 1725, 1727, 1729, 1732, 2255, 2321
Hulwan, 1653
Humbert of Silva Candida, 1113
Hunayn, Ibrahim, 1466
Hunayn ibn Ishaq, 1922
Hungary, Coptic collections, 1710
Hunting in Coptic art, 1258-1259
Huntington, Robert, 791, 1260, 1977
Husayn, Taha, 1995, 1996
Husein Kamil, Sultan, 1694
Hussein, King of Jordan, 873, 874
Hydraulis (water organ), 1740
Hymn of Golgotha, 1152
“The Hymn of the Angels” (Great Doxology), 923
Hymns
Arian, 1733
canonical hours, 1724
cantors and, 137-138
for consecration of patriarchs, 1909, 1910
Difnar, 1728
doxologies, 923, 1727-1728
influences on Coptic, 1731-1732
instruments accompanying, 1739
lobsh, 1479
Mass of the Faithful, 1565-1566
Psalis, 1726, 1727, 1728
Psalmodia, 448, 1725, 2024
Theotokion, 1724, 1726, 1727, 2254-2255
Trisagion, 2278
the Twelve Virtues, 2310
unpublished manuscripts, 1986
Waham, 2323
Hymns, authors of. See Music, Coptic
Hymn of the Savior (Clement of Alexandria), 1732
Hypatia (philosopher), 100, 1308, 1870, 2192
Hypostasis, 1106, 1260, 1575
and hypostatic union, 1262
and Incarnation, 1287
Nicene Creed definition of, 300
Origen on, 1848
Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261
and On the Origin of the World, 1842- 1844
Hypostatic union, 1262
Hypotyposeis (Theognostus), 911
Hypsiphrone, 1262
Hyvernat, Henri Eugène Xavier Louis, 1263, 1448
I_______________________
IAC. See International Association for Coptic Studies
Iamblichus, 1265
Iao Sabaoth Adonial Elio, 1503
Ibas (Antiochene teologians), 1672
Ibas of Edessa, 515
Ibn Abi Usaybi‘ah, 1525
Ibn Abu al-Fada’il ibn Farij, 710
Ibn al-‘Amid. See Makin, ibn al ‘Amid al-
Ibn al-‘Assal. See Safi ibn al-‘Assal, al-
Ibn al-Batriq, ‘Isa. See Ibn al-Bitriq, ‘Isa
Ibn al-Batriq, Sa‘id. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id
Ibn al-Bishr al-Katib. See Mufaddal ibn Majid ibn al-Bishr, al-
Ibn al-Bitriq, ‘Isa, 1265, 1266
Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id (Eutychius), 1265-1266, 1460
and Book of Epact, 410
on Church of Saint Michael, 1617
and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595
on Nubian evangelization, 1801-1802
on patriarchal election, 1911
on patriarchal seat, 1912
Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘ and, 2101
Ibn al-Dahiri, Bishop of Damietta, 1266
Ibn al-Habhab, Viceroy, 87
Ibn al-Hamid, 711
Ibn Hawqal, 1266, 1271
on ‘Alwa, 110
and Babij, 317
and Bashmur, 349
and Beja tribes, 373
on medieval Nubia, 1804
Ibn al-‘Ibri. See Bar Hebraeus
Ibn Kabar, 20, 21, 1267-1268, 1272, 1273
on Agathon of Homs, 67-68
and Barlam and Yuwasaf, 346
and Butrus Sawirus al-Jamil, 431
on canon law, 450
on Canons of Epiphanius, 456-457
on Canons of Hippolytus, 458
on Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 460
on the Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558
on Dayr Mar Jirjis, 831
on Dayr Shahran, 862
on feasts of the Virgin Mary, 2256
on Gregory of Nyssa, 457
on ingredients of holy chrism, 521-522
and Jirjis ibn al-Qass Abi al-Mufaddal, 1332
and mysticism, 908-909
on Pseudo-Macarius homilies, 2028
and tafsir, 2198
works of, 1463-1464
on Yuhanna ibn Sawirus, 2357
and Yusab, Bishop (thirteenth century), 2359
See also Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar)
Ibn Katib Qaysar, 1266, 1268
commentary on Revelation in Paris, 1777
Ibn Khalduin, on Makouria, 1514-1515
Ibn Laqlaq. See Cyril III ibn Laqlaq
Ibn Mammati, works by, 1461- 1461
Ibn Mammati dynasty, 1268-1269
Ibn Nafra, Bishop, consecrated at Dayr al-Sham‘, 863
Ibn Nuh. See ‘Abd al-Masih, known as Ibn Nuh
Ibn Qanna (monk), 1097
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, 1269-1270
Ibn al-Rahib, 1513
Ibn Raja’, 1959-1960
Ibn Sabba’, collected encyclopedias of, 1779
Ibn al-Sa’igh (“son of the goldsmith”), 1270-1271
Ibn Salim al-Aswani, 344, 1266, 1271-1272
on ‘Alwa, 110
and Batn al-Hajar, 361-362
and Beja tribes, 373
on Greek language use by Nubian clergy, 1813
and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315
on Makouria, 921-922, 1514
on medieval Nubia, 1804
on Menarti, 1587-1588
on Nobatia, 1798
on Nubian languages and literature, 1815
on Soba, 2141
Ibn Siba‘, Yuhanna ibn Abi Zakariyya, 1272, 1464
Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, 1269
Ibn Tulun, Ahmad, Caliph, 1412-1413, 2280-2281
Ibn Tulun, Khumarawayh, 1413
Ibrahim (son of Prophet Muhammad), 1528
Ibrahim, Jindi, 1465, 2010
Ibrahim Bey, 1274, 1411, 1688
Ibrahim ibn ‘Awn, the Nestorian, 1273, 1779
Ibrahim ibn ‘Isa, 1273
Ibrahim ibn Sim‘an, 1515
Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273
Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1274, 1313, 1688
building start, 1538-1539
and Dayr Anba Antuniyus renovation, 720
and Dayr Anba Maqar reconstruction, 753, 1121
and Harit Zuwaylah chapel, 1208
and Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1332
and the Mamluks, 1857
Ibrahim al-Kurdi, 1536
Ibrahim al-Nasikh (icon painter), 1278, 1279
Ibrahim Pasha, 1141, 1248, 1950
Ibrahim al-Suryani (alias Abram), 1134
Ibrahim al-Tukhi. See John XVI
Ibrim. See Qasr Ibrim
Ibscher, Hugo, 1274-1275
Ibtu, 1275
Ibyar, 833
Iconoclasm, 1275-1276, 1277
Astasi al-Rumi icon production during controversy, 293
Cyril IV, Patriarch, and, 1278
role of Ethiopia, 984-985
Iconography
of Astasi al-Rumi (Eustathius the Greek), 293-294
and dating of artifacts, 694
figurines, 500-502
and hunting theme in Coptic art, 1259
of Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1532
metalwork, 1606-1607
of resist-dyed textiles, 2227-2230, 2228-2230
under Mark III patriarchy, 1536
of woven textiles, 2221-2227, 2222-2227
see also Art and architecture, Coptic; Biblical subjects in Coptic
art; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Christ, Triumph of; Icons;
Mythological subjects in Coptic art; Symbols in Coptic art
Iconography, Greco-Roman. See Art survivals from ancient Egypt
Iconostasis, 211-212
at Bawit, 364-366
and candelabrum, 1469
of Church of Saints Sergius and Wachas (Alexandria), 94
Icons, Coptic, 1276-1279, 1277-1279
at Bawit, 368-371
at Dayr Anba Bula, 743-744
and Good Friday service, 1152
Iconoclastic controversy, 1275-1276
of Menas, Saint, 1588-1589
of Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint, 1593-1594
of Virgin Mary, 2309
see also Figurines
Ideler, Julius Ludwig, 1280
Idfa, 762, 1280
Idfu
monasteries near, 825, 1657
monastery libraries, 1449
Panine and Paneu martyrdom near, 1880
pharaonic-style temples at, 196, 1865
tombstone material, 1295
Idiolect. See Appendix
Idiophones, 1739-1740, 1739, 1740
Idku, 1280-1281
Ignatius of Antioch, Saint and Bishop, 1281-1282, 1555, 1980
as apostolic father, 180
on Communicatio idiomatum, 578
on consubstantiation, 597
on the Eucharist, 1057
on feasts, 1101
on Incarnation, 1287
on the offertory, 1824
and origin of antiphonal chanting, 148
patristic writings, 1920
and Polycarp, 1997
on priesthood, 2016
Ignatius IX, Patriarch of the Syrians, 1131
Ihnasiyyah al-Madinah. See Ahnas
Ikhnaway al-Zallaqah, 1652
Ikhshids. See Tulunids and Ikhshids, Copts under the
Iliad (Homer), 1889
Illness. See Communion of the sick; Healings in Coptic literature;
Medicine; Unction of the sick
Illumination, Coptic, 267-268, 277-278, 1282-1284, 1282-1284
Abu al-Muna manuscripts, 29
Adoration of the Magi depiction, 527
baptism of Jesus depiction, 530
influence on Irish manuscripts, 252-253
see also Christian subjects in Coptic art
Ilyas Buqtur, 1284-1285
Images, religious. See Icons, Coptic; Iconoclasm
Imhotep (pagan deity), 1874
Immaculate Conception, 1285
Immersion, 1285-1286
Imperial cult. See Persecutions
Imperial Library of Vienna (Austria), 2049
‘Inan, Muhammad ‘Abdallah, 1996
‘Inani, ‘Ali al-, 1996
Incarnation, 6, 1287-1290
Damian on, 689
and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136
Origen on, 1849-1850
Proclus homily on, 2017
al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal on, 2077, 2078
Incense, 1290, 1469-1472, 2013
censers, 1599, 1599-1601, 1600
for consecration of patriarchs, 1909
and Holy Saturday, 1249
and Lord’s Prayer, 1481
music for offerings of, 1715-1729, 1739
for spells, 1500, 1504, 1507
Incense box, 1474
Incident of the Churches. See Waq‘at al-Kana’is
India, Coptic missionaries in, 892, 1635-1636, 1881
Infant baptism. See Baptism
Inheritance. See Wills and inheritance
In Honor of Longinus (Basil of Oxyrhynchus), 360
In Isaiam I (Demetrius of Antioch), 894
Innocent I, Pope (Rome), 1930, 2247
Innocent III, Pope (Rome), 1635
Innocentius of Maronia, 1674
Insanity. See Madness
Inscriptions, 257, 1290-1296
at al-Bagawat, 328-329
on Gospel caskets, 1153
gravestone formulas, 1294-1295
in Greek language, 1171, 1290
icon, 1279
of the Kellia, 1407-1408
Nubian medieval, 1814-1815
of Roman visitors to Egypt, 2066
at al-Shaykh Hasan, 2129 see also Graffiti
Installatio of the Archangel Gabriel, 1136
Installatio Michaelis Archangeli, 1136
Institut catholique, 925
Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, Claremont, California, and the Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771
Institute of Christian Oriental Research, Washington, D.C., 1896
Institute of Coptic Studies, at Anba Ruways Monastery, 129
Institute for Papyrology, Heidelberg, Germany, 1893
Institute of Religious and Ecclesiastical Art, Utrecht, 1620
Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire, 843, 924, 927,
1398, 1419, 1452, 1516, 1561
Coptic-language printing press, 1302
papyrus collection, 1892
Sauneron, Serge, 2100
Instruments, liturgical, 1595-1596
Instruments, medical, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1605
Instruments, musical, 1604-1605, 1605, 1733, 1734, 1738-1739
Intaglios, 1509
Intercession
for the dormant, 889
icon formula of, 1279
tubh for litany of, 2279
and use of candles, 446
Interdict, 1299, 1931
ancient correspondence on, 401
and audientia episcopalis, 308
Interlacing motifs (art), 251-253
International Association for Coptic Studies (IAC), 1299-1300, 1890
International Congresses of Coptic Studies, 1300-1301
Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301
Intersected cross, 252
Invocation of the Holy Spirit. See Epiclesis
Ioulei, Apa, 824
loule and Pteleme (martyrs), 1555
lovia (Egyptian province), 905
Iqamat al-Hujjah al-Bahirah ‘ala Hadm Kana’is Misr wa-al-
Qahirah (“Presentation of the Clear Proof for the Necessary Destruction of the Churches of Old and New Cairo”), 687
‘Iqd al-Madhbah. See Architectural elements of churches Iqladiyus Labib, 1302
and printing of Bohairic-Coptic Bible, 564
Ira’i. See Ter and Erai, Saints
Iraq, Coptic churches in, 1621
Ireland
art, Coptic influence on, 251-254, 418-419
Coptic influence in, 416-419
Coptic monks in, 253-254
Irish harp, 1734, 1740
monasticism, 253, 417-418
papyrus collection, 1894
saints, 418
Irenaeus, 917, 2157
on the Carpocratian sect, 460-461
on genuflection, 1139
on the Gospels, 1158, 1159, 1164
on Nativity, 1102
patristic writings, 1921
on Polycarp, 1997
Irenaeus of Scetis, Saint, 2084
Irene. See Eirene (martyr)
Irene, Empress, 1275
Irish art, 251-254, 418-419
Irish harp, 1734, 1740
Irrigation aqueducts, Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 709
‘Iryan Jirjis Muftah, 1302-1303, 1737, 1962
Isaac (hermit), 772
Isaac (Old Testament) depiction in Coptic art, 382-383, 726, 727, 778-779, 793
Isaac, Coptic Testament of. See Coptic Testament of Isaac
Isaac, disciple of Apollo, 1304
Isaac, Patriarch, 12, 427, 1303, 2084
Coptic texts on, 1456
dates of patriarchy, 1915
and Dayr Matra, 837
disciples of, 13
and Hilwan, 1233
and John of Nikiou, 1366
Isaac, Saint (Kellia), 1304, 1397, 2084
Isaac of al-Aqlali. See Isaac, Saint (Kellia)
Isaac the Deacon, 1304
Isaac al-Difrawi (martyr), 806
Isaac of Hurin, Saint, 1972, 2084
Isaac of Panopolis (painter), 804
Isaac the Presbyter, Saint, 2084
Isaac of al-Qalali. See Isaac, Saint
Isaac of Qalamun, 1304, 1455
Isaac of Scetis, Saint, 2084
Isaac of Shamma (martyr), 1555
Isaac of Tiphre, Saint, 1304-1305, 1555
Isaiah, 22
Ascension of, 166
Isaiah the Hermit. See Isaiah of Scetis, Saint
Isaiah of Scetis, Saint (Isaiah the Hermit), 795, 1304, 1305-1306, 2084
Isaiah the Solitary. See Isaiah of Scetis, Saint
‘Isa ibn Nasturus, 1097
‘Isa ibn Zur‘ah, collected works of, 1779
Ischurion (soldier-martyr), 1964
Ischyras, Bishop, 1527
Ishaq, Adib, 1994, 1995
Ishaq, Apa. See Isaac (hermit)
Ishaq al-Hurini, Saint. See Isaac of Hurin, Saint
Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas, 1306
as grandson of Nastas ibn Jurayj, 1775-1776
wine prescription, 1524-1525
Ishaq al-Mu’taman ibn al-‘Assal, on Coptic liturgical music, 1735
Ishkirun, Saint, relic of, 758-759
Ishnin al-Nasara, 1653, 1972
Ishshid Muhammad ibn Tughj, and Epiphany celebration, 1103
Isidhurus, Bishop and Abbot, 1307
Isidhurus (monk), 1120
Isidore of Takinash, 1089
Isidorus, Saint (Isidore of Antioch), 1307, 1555
Isidorus and Bandilaus (martyrs), 1555
Isidorus the Confessor, 686, 817
Isidorus of Hermopolis, Saint, 2084
Isidorus of Pelusium, Saint, 1089, 1308-1310, 2084
and archimandrite title, 193
on Isidorus of Scetis, Saint, 1310
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2249-2250
Isidorus of Scetis, Saint, 114, 1310, 1427, 2084
Isidorus of Takinash (martyr), 1555
Isis (pagan deity), 134, 243, 244, 281, 863, 1292, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1752, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1870, 1874
Abusir Bana and, 36
cult and temple at Philae, 265, 1954
destruction of shrine to, 1608, 1609
iconography of, 259, 531
Nubian worship of, 1801
nursing Horus. See Isis lactans
Isis lactans, 243, 244, 281, 531
Iskandar, Najib, 1993
Iskandariyyah, al-, 90, 92
Iskarus, Tawfiq, 1466
Iskhiron, Saint, 1972
Iskhirun, Abu, 735
Islam
Abraam I, Saint, relations with, 10
Ahl al-Dhimmah designation, 72-73
bans on Coptic pilgrimages, 1538
Christian apologetic literature in reaction to, 5
and Christian encounters under Mamluks, 2317
consort of Prophet Muhammad, 1528
Copt conversions under Kha’il I, 1411
Coptic conversions during Peter V patriarchy, 1949
Coptic conversions under Umayyad administration, 2288-2289
Coptic historical work, 1525
and Coptic monuments, 693-694
and Coptic press, 2010-2012
and Egyptian nationalist movement, 1987-1988, 1989
and Egyptian national unity, 950-951
and Egyptian religious reform movement, 1995-1996
and Epiphany celebration, 1103
Ethiopian prelate conversion to, 1028-1030
expansion in Egypt, 936-941
Fatimid-Coptic relations, 1097- 1099
French relationships, 1417, 1591
hisbah concept, 1236-1237
influences on Coptic art, 1310-1312
Jirji al-Sim‘ani debate with, 1331-1332
and jizyah tax, 1336
and kharaj tax, 1413-1414
law commentary, 1269-1270
martyrs recanting from, 1570
Nubian conversion to, 1802-1804
opposition to images of living things, 1276
and pagarch office, 1871
persecution of Copts (thirteenth-century), 1267, 1268, 1343
persecution of Copts (fourteenth-century), 750, 1343-1344, 1949, 2313-2316
persecution of Copts (15th-century), 1129, 1130
and personal status laws, 1941-1943
Qus settlements, 2044
scholarship, 687, 1695-1696
societal influence on Coptic family, 1087
Waq‘at al-Kana’is (Incident of the Churches), 2313-2316
Waq‘at al-Nasara (Christian encounter), 2316-2319
see also Pan-Islamism; Umayyads, Copts under the
Islamic Benevolent Society, 1993
Islamic influences on Coptic art, 1310-1312
Islamic law, 951, 1269-1270
Islam and the Principles of Government (al-Raziq), 1996
Island of Michael, 1588
Island of Philae. See Philae
Isma‘il, Khedive, 1637, 1693 see also Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty
Isma‘iliyyah
Coptic Catholic church, 1123
Franciscan church, 1123
Isna, 1312
ceramics of, 480, 487, 489
church dedicated to Gabriel, Archangel, 1137
hermit cells at, 477
inscriptions found at, 764, 1291, 1293
martyrs at, 866, 868, 870
monasteries near, 772, 856, 866-870, 1656, 1657
monastic paintings at, 1660
mural paintings at, 1872, 1873
pharaonic-style temples at, 1865
pilgrimages to, 1972
stelae from, 2149, 2151
tombstone material and shape, 1295
Israel, State of
Coptic collections, 1710
and status of Dayr al-Sultan, 874
see also Holy land; Jerusalem, Coptic See of
Issac of Nineveh, collected works of, 1778, 1779
Istifham Ba‘d al-Istibham, al-, 1312- 1313
Italy
Coptic collections, 1710-1711
intervention in Ethiopia, 1041-1044, 1198
papyrus collections, 1894-1895
see also Rome
Itfih, 1313
mosque-building, 685
prosopography of, 2022
Ivory and bone carving, Coptic, 405-407, 406, 407
Iyyasus Mo’a, Ethiopian saint, 1048-1049
‘Izbat al-Aqbat, 808
‘Izbat Dayr al-Hadid, 805
‘Izbawiyyah, pilgrimages to, 1972
J_______________________
Jabal Abu Dukhkhan, 1650
Jabal Abu Fudah, 717, 834, 853
Jabal ‘Adda, 1315, 2037
Dotawo documents, 922-923
Nobatian eparchal residence at, 1798
and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1805
Jabal al-Ahmar, al-, 2000
Jabal Bishwaw. See Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah)
Jabal Jarad, 1659
Jabal al-Kaff. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut)
Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1315-1316
Jabal Musa. See Mount Sinai
Jabal Qattar, 1650
Jabal Qusqam. See Pilgrimages
Jabal al-Silsilah, 1316, 1656-1657
Jabal Tafnis, hermitages of, 314, 1316- 1317
Jabal al-Tarif (Nag Hammadi), 1317, 1657, 1771
Jabal al-Tayr (Khargah), 1317, 1658
Astasi al-Rumi icons at, 293-294
Dayr al-‘Adhra’ near, 715, 715
pilgrimages to, 1969
Jabal al-Tayr (Samalut). See Pilgrimages
Jablonski, Paul Ernst, 1318, 1424, 2107
Jacob (Old Testament), 845, 1137, 1186, 1618
see also Testament of Jacob
Jacob, Saint and Patriarch, 1318, 2084
dates of patriarchy, 1916
and Simon II, 2139
Yuhanna as biographer, 2356
Jacob, Bishop of Memphis, 1587
Jacob Baradaeus, 1318-1319
consecration by Theodosius I, 1675, 2241
and Damian, 589, 688
death site, 1650
and monophysitism in Syrian and Mesopotamian chuches, 1675, 1676
and Paul the Black, 1923
and Theodora, Empress, 1319, 1386, 1675, 2235
Jacobites
conflict with Melchites in Alexandria, 93-94
al-Istifham ba‘d al-Istibham addressed to, 1312
see also Jacob Baradaeus; Monophysitism; Syrian Orthodox church
Jacob of Saruj, 1319-1320, 1727, 1781, 1783
Jacob the Sawn. See James Intercisus
Jacob the Soldier. See James of Amadjudj (martyr)
Jadal bayn al-Mukhalif-waal-Nasrani, al- (Eutychius), 1460
Jaffa. See Holy Land
Jahshiyari, Abu ‘Abd Allah, al-, 1320
Jakob, Apa (Dayr Apa Phoibammon), 780-781
Jama. See Memnonia
Jamal al-Din (Mamluk amir), 1570
James, Apostle and Saint
Apocryphon of, 169-170, 569
apostolic see, 181
and Gloria in excelsis, 1147
and the Transfiguration, 1108-1109
see also Apocalypse of James, First and Second
James, Saint (James the Ascetic), 1320-1321, 2084
James of Amadjudj (martyr), 1555
James of Antioch, Saint, 2084
James Bar ‘Adai. See Jacob Baradaeus
James Intercisus, Saint (martyr), 324, 1321, 1556
James (Jacob) and John (martyrs), 1555
James the Persian. See James Intercisus, Saint (martyr)
James of Saruj. See Jacob of Saruj
James of Scetis, Saint, 1321-1322, 2084
Jam‘iyyah Asdiqa‘ al-Kitab al-Muqaddas. See Friends of the Bible, Society of the
Jam‘iyyah al-Islah al-Qibti. See Coptic Reform Society
Jam‘iyyah al-Khayriyyah (Coptic Benevolent Society), 374, 1693
Jam‘iyyat Asdiqa’ al-Kitab al-Muqaddas, 374-375
Jam‘iyyat al-Ikhlas, 375
Jam‘iyyat al-Nash’ah al-Qibtiyyah, 374
Jam‘iyyat Thamarat al-Tawfiq, 375
Jamma, al-. See Madinat Habu; Memnonia
Jamoul (martyr), 1556
Jamu. See Memnonia
Japan, Coptic collections in, 1711
Jared, Ethiopian saint, 1047
Jaridah, al- (publication), 1994
Jarnus, al-, 1653
Jars and jugs
ceramic, 490-492
metalwork, 1602-1603
water, 2320
Jason (mythological subject), depicted in Coptic art, 1762-1763
Jawhar, General, 1097, 1099, 1271
Jawharah al-Nafisah fi ‘Ulum al-Kanisah, al- (Ibn Siba‘), 1272, 1464
Jawhar al-Siqili (the Sicilian), 1632, 1913
Jawish, Shaykh ‘Abd al-Aziz, 1465, 1988-1989
Jawli, al-. See Dayr al-Jawli
Jawsaq. See Keep
Jawziyyah School (Damascus), 1269
Jazirat al-Dayr (Island of the Monastery). See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah
Jeme. See Madinat Habu; Memnonia
Jerasimus, Saint (martyr), 1552, 1559
Jeremiah, Apocryphon of, 170-171
Jeremiah, Saint, 22, 166, 1254, 1322-1323, 2084
depicted in Coptic art, 270, 532-533
see also Dayr Apa Jeremiah; Paralipomena Jeremiou
Jericho. See Holy Land
Jernstedt, Peter Viktorovich, 1323, 1895
Jerome, Saint, 1323, 1921, 2084
on candle use in churches, 445
on celibacy, 476
Dayr Anba Bula founded in memory, 741, 742
and Didymus the Blind, 900
and Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071
and Hilarion, Saint, 1232, 1664
and Horsiesios, Saint, 1257
on John the Baptist burial site, 1355
on Kyrie eleison, 1420
on Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608
on multiple marriages, 1545
and Origen, 47 1-472
and Pamphilus, Saint, 1879
on Paul of Thebes, 1925-1926
on priesthood, 2016
Rufinus Apology and, 2068-2069
Rule of Pachomius translation by, 1662, 1663, 1861-1862, 1863
on Saturday fast, 2098
theological literary history by, 1920
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2250, 2252
Jersey City, New Jersey, 1621
Jerusalem, Coptic See of, 180, 1324-1329, 1613, 1614
and Acacian schism, 45
apostolic succession, 181
barring of Coptic pilgrimages to, 1615
Coptic collections, 1710
Coptic Good Friday celebration, 1153
Dayr al-Sultan, 872-874
founding of monasteries in, 1663
keep construction, 1395
library, 1447
Saladin’s reconquest of, 1536
Sophia, Saint, tradition of, 2143- 1244
see also Eastern Orthodox churches; Holy Land, Coptic churches in the
Jesuits and the Coptic church, 1132, 1329-1330
Ethiopian controversies, 986-987, 995-997
influence in Ethiopia, 1021
Jullien, Michel Marie, 1382- 1383
Kircher, Athanasius, 1415
Sicard, Claude, 2136-2137
see also Bollandists
Jesus, bath of the infant. See Christian subjects in Coptic art
Jesus Christ
Advent, 63
Agnus Dei, 70
Ascension, 1105
and asceticism, 1306
and atonement, 306-307
on baptism, 336-337, 1285
baptism of, 967
blessing style, 403-404
Candlemas feast, 1106-1107
on celibacy, 476
and Christian Pasch, 1904
crucifixion, fasts to commemorate, 1096
crucifixion, Qur’anic theory of, 95
and death of Joseph, 1697
depiction in Coptic art, 270; see also subhead paintings of
and Eucharist, 1107
fasts, 1095-1096
first miracle, 1107
and fraction rite, 1121
and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136
on guardian angel, 1186
icons of, 368-369, 1276, 1277-1278
Incarnation, 1287-1290
and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433
Lord’s Prayer, 1480-1481
and magical spells, 1500, 1503
and Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1529
and marriage, 1542, 1544
Melchizedek and, 1583-1584
Nativity, 1102-1103
pagan literature on, 1868
paintings of, 727, 747, 778, 794, 868, 869, 1660, 1875, 2004-2006, 2006
Palm Sunday, 1103-1104
and Paradise, 1900-1901
power of binding and loosing, 1932
and priesthood, 2015
Resurrection, 1104-1105
and Revelation, 61-63
and symbolism of manual cross, 1472
and Thomas, disciple, 1108
Transfiguration, 1108-1109
see also Athanasian Creed; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Christ, nature of; Christology; Flight into Egypt; Good Friday; Gospel headings; Nicene Creed
Jewelry, 1605-1607, 1606
Coptic colored glass-inlaid crosses, 1146
Jews and Judaism
Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, relations with, 11
as Ahl al-Dhimmah, 72, 655-656; see also subhead Muslim
discriminatory measures
Alexandrian ascetics, 1661
Alexandrian community, 91, 97, 1175, 1180, 1865, 1866
and Alexandrian gnosticism, 1147, 1148, 1149-1150
Alexandrian rebellion, 97, 1947, 2016
altars, 106
anointing, 137
Antichrist concept and, 143
apologetic directed at, 2357
apologists, 176
atonement concept, 306-307
baptism at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721
Bar Hebraeus, 345-346
and canon of the Scripture, 2109
Coptic music and, 148-149, 1731
and Cyril I, 672
and eschatology, 973
Ethiopian prohibitions against, 991-993
Evodius of Rome homilies against, 1078-1079
Great Synagogue (Tamuh), 717
heaven concept, 1214
Hellenization in Egypt, 1167, 1175
jizyah tax on, 1336
Josephus Flavius, 176, 1375- 1376
magical spells, 1508
Muslim discriminatory measures, 655-656, 939, 1202, 1343, 1348
New Testament explanation addressed to, 1273
Old Testament feasts, 1101
and paganism, 1868
Paraphrase of Shem and, 1902
Pascha (Passover), 1903
Philo of Alexandria, 1956-1957
religious impact in Egypt, 1865-1866
ritual purification ceremonials, 8-9
Roman poll tax and, 2203
Saturday as sabbath, 2098
scriptural proof texts disputes, 1227
and Youth of Egypt membership, 2354
see also Law, Mosaic; Old Testament; Therapeutae
Jibril ibn Bukhtishu‘ ibn Jurjis, 1922
Jihad, al- (publication), 1990
Jilbanah, Saint, 700
Jimyanah, Saint. See Dimyanah, Saint
Jirja, 1330-1331
monasteries in region of, 825-826, 861-862, 1656, 1657
Jirja and Upper Sa‘id, See of, 1614
Jirjis, Mar. See George, Saint
Jirjis Abu al-Fada‘il ibn Lutfallah, 1462
Jirjis al-Muzahim. See George, Saint
Jirjis ibn al-‘Amid, 1095
Jirjis ibn al-Qass abi al-Mufaddal, 1270, 1271, 1332
Jirji al-Sim‘ani, 461, 1331-1332
Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1141, 1332-1334, 1417, 1515, 1539, 1688, 1692, 2351
and Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1274
Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani, 1334-1335
Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335, 1515
Jirjis al-Muzahim, Saint (martyr), 902-903, 1335-1336, 1556
Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352.
Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372
Jirjis Philuthawus ‘Awad church law compendium, 1942
on Dayr al-Sham‘, 865
Jirjis al-Qibti (George the Copt), 1700
Jizyah (poll tax), 303, 622, 636, 656, 665, 1097, 1336, 2134-2135
abolition of, 1636
on Ahl al-Dhimmah, 72
Alexander II and, 86, 87
and Arab conquest of Egypt, 187, 189
and Baqt Treaty, 343
as factor in Islamization of Egypt, 937, 1411
and Gabriel II’s patriarchy, 1129
and Gabriel V’s patriarchy, 1130
and Gabriel VII’s patriarchy, 1134
and hisbah, 1236-1237
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah commentary, 1269
increases during Theodorus patriarchy, 2237
increases under Badr al-Jamali, 325
in Makouria, 1514
Job, Testament of, 164
Joel, King of Dotawo, 923
Johannes de Turrecremata (Juan de Torquemada), Cardinal, 1119
Johannes Gallicus Marinesis, Cardinal, 1119
Johann Georg, 1336
Johannine Christology, 2157
John, Apostle and Saint
on celibacy, 476
church at Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701
church at Dayr al-Majma‘, 820, 821
on confession and penitence, 585
feast day, 882, 2084
and Good Friday, 1104
and Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619
monasteries dedicated to, 883
monastery of, 748, 861, 1656
Polycarp and, 1997
as Transfiguration witness, 1108-1109
see also Apocryphon of John; Revelation, Book of; Dayr al-
Saqiyah; Gospel of John
John, Hegumenos of Raithou, 2050
John, Hegumenos of Scetis, 12, 1362
John, Saint and Bishop of Armant, 1353-1354
John I, Saint and Patriarch, 1337, 2084
and Acacian schism, 44
dates of patriarchy, 1915
John II, Saint and Patriarch, 1337, 2084
and Acacian schism, 44, 45, 46
and churches in Babylon, 318
dates of patriarchy, 1915
at the Enaton, 956-957
and John I, 1337
John III, the Merciful, Saint and Patriarch, 70, 94, 709, 1337-1338,
1939, 1966, 2084
dates of patriarchy, 1915
Isaac the Deacon as biographer of, 1304
and John of Nikiou, 1366
and John of Parallos, 1368
as monk-priest at Dayr al-Ikhwah, 808
panegyric by, 1456
successor, 1303
John IV, Saint and Patriarch, 334, 1338-1339
dates of patriarchy, 1916
feast day, 2084
and Mark II, 1533
Yuhanna as biographer of, 2356
John V, Patriarch, 1340-1341, 1534, 1912
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1007
and Murqus ibn Qanbar reforms, 1699
John VI, Saint and Patriarch, 1341-1342, 1391
and Bulus al-Bushi, 423
and Crusaders’ occupation of Burah, 425
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and Giyorgis II as metropolitan of Ethiopia, 1009
and Kha’il translation, 399
and Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007
and Yeshaq I, Ethiopian prelate, 1008
John VII, Patriarch, 33, 1342-1343
burial site, 848
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and Yusab, Bishop (13th-century), 2359
John VIII, Patriarch, 1343-1344
burial at Dayr Shahran, 862
and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558
consecrated by Hasaballah, 1210
dates of patriarchy, 1917
patriarchal seat change and residence, 1208, 1913
successor, 1344
and Yusab, Bishop (13th-century), 2359
John IX, Patriarch, 377, 1344
burial site, 848
dates of patriarchy, 1917
John X, Patriarch, 1344
dates of patriarchy, 1918
John XI, Patriarch, 1344-1345
consecration of Ethiopian prelates, 1014
and Coptic relations with Rome, 609
dates of patriarchy, 1918
and Dayr al-Maghtis, 819
John XII, Patriarch, 1119, 1131, 1346
and Coptic relations with Rome, 1347
dates of patriarchy, 1918
successor, 1346
John XIII, Patriarch, 1612, 1346-1347, 1647, 1974
dates of patriarchy, 1918
on pillage of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722
writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335
John XIV, Patriarch, 1347
and Coptic relations with Rome, 952, 1329-1330
dates of patriarchy, 1918
John XV, Patriarch, 1022, 1347-1348
dates of patriarchy, 1919
John XVI, Patriarch, 30, 1206, 1273, 1347-1348, 1975
church restorations under, 713
and communion of the sick, 580
and Coptic relations with Rome, 610
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Jesuits in Egypt, 1330
and Marqos IV, Ethiopian prelate, 1027
as monk of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722
and restoration of Dayr Anba Bula, 742, 743
and Sinoda, Ethiopian prelate, 1025
successor, 1949
John XVII, Patriarch, 1348-1350
Bisurah al-Hariri manuscripts on, 403
consecration at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550
and Coptic relations with Rome, 610-611
dates of patriarchy, 1919
as monk at Dayr Anba Bula, 742
successor, 1538
and Yohannes III, Ethiopian prelate, 1029
John XVIII, Patriarch, 1350
consecration of Jusab, Bishop (18th-century), 2360
dates of patriarchy, 1919
John XIX, Patriarch, 1351
and Coptic Community Council, 580
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980, 1198, 1041- 1043
Ethiopian visit, 1041
as first bishop elected as patriarch, 399, 1911
and Haile Selassie I, 1198
and Isidhurus pardon, 1307
and Italian intervention in Ethiopia, 1041-1043, 1198
as monk at Dayr al-Baramus, 791
and Qerelos III, Ethiopian prelate, 1040, 1042
and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2097
and School for Monks (Alexandria), 564
and Yusab II, 2363
John of Alexandria (martyr), 31, 1554
John the Almoner, Patriarch of Cyprus (Melchite), 184, 720, 721, 1641-1642
John of Antioch, Bishop, 55, 960, 1354
and bishop’s translation, 399
and Nestorius, 1786
John Arkaph, 1584
John of Ashmun Tanah (martyr), 1556
John of Asyut, Bishop, on martyrs of Isna, 866
John the Baptist, Saint, 71, 1354-1356, 1477
birth of, 1102
churches dedicated to, 792
in Coptic literature, 1356
cult of, 1355
Feast of Commemoration. See Festal days, monthly
Gabriel, Archangel, and, 1135
and immersion, 1286
martyrium of, 1610, 1611, 1646
place in Coptic church, 1355-1356
Proclus homily on, 2018
Raphael, Archangel, and, 2054
relics of, 93
sanctuary of, 751
John of Biclarum, 921, 1513
on the evangelization of Nubia, 1801-1802
John the Black. See John Kama, Saint
John Calybites, 1357
John Cassian. See Cassian, Saint John
John Chrysostom, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 1357-1359
on ablution, 9
on anamnesis, 121
on angels, 132
Antioch schism mediation, 2249
on asterisk as eucharistic vessel, 1065
Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 459-460
on celibacy, 476
collected homilies of, 1778, 1779
Coptic translations, 1454
and cross-carrying, 1468
and Cyril I, 672
on deaconesses, 888
and Demetrius, cycle of, 667
and Demetrius of Antioch, 893
encomia as part of Coptic hagiography, 1196
on Eucharist, 597, 1056-1057, 1059-1060
and Eustathius of Thrace, 1073
on Feast of the Ascension, 1105
feast day, 2084
on Gospel of Saint Mark, 1159
on Holy Cross manifestation, 1243
homily on Basil the Great, 352
homily on Gabriel, Archangel,1136
homily on Raphael, Archangel, 2053, 2054
on immersion, 1286
and Isidorus of Pelusium, 1308, 1309, 1310
and Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani (copyist), 1335
and John the Faster, 1339-1340
on Last Judgment, 1379
liturgies of, 1540
on Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619
and Origenist monks, 113-114, 2250
Palladius defense of, 1877
patristic writings, 1921
Proclus on, 2018
relics, 2017
and al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal revision of homilies of, 2075
and Severian of Jabalah, 1136, 1619, 2122, 2123
and Sophia, Saint, 2143-2144
and Tall Brothers, 916, 2250
Theodorus of Mopsuestia relationship, 2238
and Theophilus, Patriarch,2247, 2250-225 1, 2252
and tradition of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2303
on unction of the sick, 139, 2291-2292
John of Claudiopolis, Bishop of Isauria, 2124
John Climacus (John the Cilician), 2050
John Colobos, Saint, 1359-1361, 1448
on Ababius, 1
Arabic tradition of, 1361-1361
and Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240
and Athanasius of Clysma (martyr), 305
and Bishoi, 734, 795
churches dedicated to, 701, 1426
Coptic tradition of, 1359-1361
death in Clysma, 565
feast day, 2084
and James of Scetis, Saint, 1321
and John Kama, Saint, 1363
monasteries of, 770, 809
as paragon of virtue and obedience, 1668
and Pshoi of Scetis, 2029
relics, 720, 753
and Shenute, 2029
and Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258
John the Confessor, Saint, 2084
John of Damanhur (martyr), 688, 1554
John of Damascus, Saint, 71, 1735, 1985, 2046
John the Dwarf. See John Colobos, Saint
John of Ephesus, 921, 1362, 1676
on the evangelization of Nubia, 1797, 1801-1802, 1807
on Longinus, 1480
on monophysitism, 1673-1674
and Sophia, 1384-1385
John the Faster, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 1339-1340
feast day, 2084
John of Gaza, Saint, 2084
John of the Golden Gospel, Saint, 2084
John the Grammarian of Caesarea, 1455
John of Heraclia (martyr), 1556
John Jejunator. See John the Faster, Saint
John of Jerusalem, Saint and Bishop, 1930, 2084
John Kama, Saint, 701, 749, 1362-1363
in Ethiopia, 991
feast day, 2084
marital chastity of, 1543
John of Laqqaanah, Bishop, 1426
John the Little. See John Colobos, Saint
John of Lycopolis, Saint, 296, 1363-1365, 1976, 2029, 2084
and Bessarion, Saint, 379
Coptic texts on, 1455
and Dayr al-‘Izam, 809
Historia monachorum in Aegypto on, 809, 1238, 1363, 1364
at Lycopolis, 296
Palladius and, 1876
reclusion of, 2055-2056
John of Madinat al-Fayym, Bishop, 1126
John of Mayuma, Bishop, 1366, 1670, 2033
on early liturgical music practices, 1733, 1735
texts by, 1455
John of Montenero, 1114, 1116
John Moschus, 1467, 1560, 1662, 2050
John of Nikiou, Bishop, 37, 1366-1367, 1676, 1794, 206
as archimandrite, 193
chronicle of Arab conquest of Egypt, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188
on Church of Saint Michael, 1617
on the Covenant of ‘Umar, 655
on Eikoston, 951
and Jeremiah, Saint, 1322
on Mit Damsis, 1971
and Simon I, 2138-2139
and taxation, 358-359
and Theognosta, Saint, 2244
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2248
and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264
on treaty of Alexandria (641), 187, 683
writings translated into Ethiopic, 977
John “of the Cells”, 1948
John of Pake, 1367
John of Parallos Saint, 838, 871, 1367-1368, 1456, 1618, 1619, 1626
feast day, 2084
John Paul II, Pope (Rome), on doctrines of Nestorius and Eutyches, 1786
John of Petra, Abbot, 1662 1662
John of Phanidjoit (martyr), 1556
John Philoponus, 29, 100
John and Piammônas of Diolkos, 908
John the Presbyter, 1368-1369
and Life of Pisentius, Saint, 1368, 1455-1456
John of Psenhowt (martyr), 1556
John Rufus. See John of Mayuma
John Rylands Library, Manchester, England, 901, 1893
John of Sa, Bishop, 925
John of Sabarou (martyr), 1552
John Sabas, 1369
John of Sais, Bishop, and monks of the Kellia, 1397-1398
John of Sanhut, Saint (martyr), 882, 1556, 1626
John the Scribe. See Cyril V, Patriarch
John of Shmun, Bishop, 1369
on Bishoi and Shinudah, 737
panegyrics by, 1456
John the Short. See John Colobos, Saint
John the Soldier (martyr), 1467, 1556
Johnson, D. W., 1573
John and Symeon, 1370
John Talaia, 43, 1609, 1610, 2269
John of Tella, 1673-1674
John of Würzburg, 872
Jomard, Edmé Franois, 1284
Jonah, depiction in Coptic art, 386, 387
Jonah, Fast of, 1094
Jonas, Apa, festal date of, 840
Joore (martyr), 1370, 1556
Jordan
Coptic churches in, 1621
and Dayr al-Sultan, 873-874
Jordan River, 1246
Jordanus, Bishop of Quilon, 1635-1636
Joseph (martyr). See Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs)
Joseph (Old Testament), 1868
depiction in Coptic art, 387-388, 388
Egyptian sites connected with, 1976
and lecanoscopy, 1507
Joseph, Saint, 1370
Joseph of Arsinoë, Bishop, 760
Joseph the Bishop, Saint, 2084
Joseph of Bishaw, Saint, 1371, 1374, 2084
Joseph the Carpenter, Saint, 1371-1374
apocryphal accounts,1372-1373
cult of, 1373-1374
and Dayr al-Janadlah, 705
feast day, 2084
and Gabriel and Michael, Archangels, 1136
and mummification, 1697
New Testament accounts, 1371-1372
see also Flight into Egypt
Joseph of Fuwwah, Bishop, 1126
Joseph of Tsenti, Saint, 1374
Josephus Flavius, 176, 1375-1376
Joshua (Old Testament), 1618
in Arabic versions, 1830-1831
Testament of. See Testament of Joshua
Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs), 1556
Josippon, 1375
Journals. See Press, Coptic; Press, Egyptian; specific titles
Jovian, Emperor, 1376-1377
patriarch under, 1914
Jowett, William, 133
J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California, 2003, 2005
Jubilee Year, 1101
Judaism. See Jews and Judaism
Judaizing Christians. See Ebionites
Judas Cyriacus, Saint and Bishop of Jerusalem, 1377-1378, 2085
Judas Iscariot, 897, 1416
Judges (Old Testament), Arabic versions, 1831-1832
Judgment, Last, 1378-1379
Abbaton’s role, 2
agnoetism and, 70-71
and eschatology, 974
and Hades, 1189-1190
and prayer for the dead, 889
see also Afterlife; Paradise
Jugs. See Glass, Coptic; Jars and jugs; Metalwork, Coptic; Water
jugs and stands
Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus, 70, 876, 1379, 1455, 1674
doctrinal position, 547, 734
and Eutyches, 1075
Gaianus advocacy of doctrine, 1138
and Justin I, Emperor, 1384
and monophysitism, 1673
on the nature of Christ, 547, 1288, 2125, 2241
and Severus of Antioch, 2125
and Timothy III, 2268
see also Gaianites; Gaianus
Julian, Emperor, 1868
Against the Galileans, 177
and Libanius, 1447
patriarch under, 1914
Julian, Evangelist, 1380, 1480
and Nubian conversion, 1797, 1801-1802, 1807
Julian, Proconsul of Tripoli, 1443
Julian, Saint and Patriarch, 1380, 1999, 2085
dates of patriarchy, 1914
successor, 891-892
Juliana (martyr), 1552-1553, 1556
Julian the Apostate, Emperor, 1380-1382
and Cyril I, 673
and martyrdom of Alladyus, 1551
and martyrdom of Eusignius, 1071-1072, 1555
and martyrdom of Judas Cyriacus, 1377
martyrs under, 1556, 1557; see also specific names
Mercurius of Caesarea and death of, 1382, 1592, 1593
monastery establishment during reign of, 720
and paganism, 1869
persecutions of Christians by, 300, 1937
and profaning tomb of John the Baptist, 1355
succeeded by Jovian, 1376
Julian calendar. See Calendar, Julian
Julian and his mother (martyrs), 1556
Julianists. See Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus
Julianus, Chaldean Oracles, 516
Julitta (Julietta), Saint (martyr), 671, 1554
icon of, 1278
Julius, Bishop of Puteoli, 1441
Julius I, Pope (Rome), 523, 1442, 1669, 1670, 1672
Julius of Aqfahs, 1, 2, 152, 1556, 1865
Cycle of, 445
martyrdom in Atrib, 307
Julius Caesar, 235
Jullien, Michel Marie, 806, 852, 856, 1382-1383, 2197
Jung, Carl, 1149
Jung Codex. See Codex Jung
Junia (martyr), 1552
Junker, Hermann, 656, 815, 1383
Jupiter (pagan deity), 889, 890, 904, 905, 1866
Justin I, Emperor, 1383-1384
and Apion family, 155-156
and Chalcedon dispute, 46-47, 1673, 1674
patriarch under, 1915
Justin II, Emperor, 688, 1384-1385
John of Ephesus on reign of, 1362
and monophysites, 1675, 1676
patriarch under, 1915
Justinian, Emperor, 1385-1386, 1648, 2008
and Abraham of Farshut, 11-12
and Abusir, 34
and Acacian schism, 46, 47
and Anastasia, 125
Annunciation, Feast of the, 290
and Apion family, 155-156
and Athanasius of Clysma cult, 305-306
and audientia episcopalis, 308
and canons of Epiphanius, 456
and Codex Justinianus, 569-570, 1385
and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595-596
Henoticon edict, 1218, 1674
hymn ascribed to, 1733
and John of Ephesus missions, 1362
and Justin I, Emperor, 1383
and Justin II, Emperor, 1384-1385
military reforms, 136, 237-238
and monophysitism, 1319, 1673, 1674, 1676
Moses of Abydos prophecy on, 1679-1680
and Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1681, 1682, 2325
patriarch under, 1915
and Pentapolis administration, 1934
Procopius history of, 2019-2020
and Qift renaming, 2038
and Raithou monasteries, 2050
reforms of, 2007-2008, 2023; see also subhead military reforms
on sale of monasteries, 1639, 1640
and taxation in Roman Eqypt, 2205
and Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 2239
and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264
and wife, Theodora, 2234-2235
Justin Martyr, 1638
as apologist, 176, 177-178
on Easter designation, 1104
and “godly monarch” concept, 1957
on immersion, 1286
Justus, Patriarch, 1386, 2085
dates of patriarchy, 1913
Justus, Saint (martyr), 2085, 1386-1387, 1556, 2085, 2209
Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 290, 515, 1440, 1670, 2242
K_______________________
Ka, festival of Union of, 438
Kaau, Saint, paintings of, 727
Kacmarcik manuscript, copying of, 722,
Kafi, al- (Mikha’il Sharubim), 1630-1631
Kafr Ayyub, pilgrimages to, 1972
Kafr Damru (village), 689-690
Kafr al-Dayr, 1655, 1656
pilgrimages to, 1972-1973
Kafr Dimayrah al-Iadid. See Dimarah
Kafr al-Shaykh. See Mahallat Danyal
Kaft al-Dawwar, Coptic Catholic church, 1123
Kahle, Paul Eric, 902, 1389
Kahyor, monasteries at, 1654
Kainopolis. See Qina
Kalabsha. See Talmis
Kalamon. See Qalamun
Kallileion. See Anointing; Catechumen, oil of the
Kallinikos, Bishop, 1089
Kaluj See Bajtij (martyr)
Kamal, Ahmad, on Dayr Abu Lifah, 704
Kamil Murad. See Murad Kamil
Kanebo. See Museums, Coptic collections in
Kansu, 1519
Kaou (martyr), 1556
Kaphalas. See Paphnutius of Scetis, Saint
Karabacek, Joseph von, 1389
Karanis, 1390
glassmaking, 1143-1144
Kararah. See Qararah
Karimi Guild, 1391
Karma, monastic murals at, 1874
Karm Abu Mena, 1936-1937
Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 1391-1392
Karmuz, catacomb at, 1873
Karnak in the Christian period, 1392-1394, 1392, 1393, 1394
end to institutionalized paganism in, 1870
monasteries near, 1657
pharaonic-style temples at, 1392, 1392, 1865
Kasios. See Katib al-Qals
Kassa Asrate Stele, 1394
Kata meros. See Lectionary
Katib al-Misri, al-. See Fakr al-Dawlah
Katib al-Qals, 1650
Katochoi (recluses), 2055-2056
Kaufmann, Carl Maria, 1394
Kaunakopoiós (kaunakoplókos) (Coptic weaving term), 2221
Kavad II Seroe 1940
Kawjar al-Rumi, 810
Kawkab al-Sharq (publication), 1990
Kaysan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan, 1395, 2079
Keep, 1395-1396
Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj), 736, 740
Dayr Anba Samu’il (Qalamun), 760
Dayr al-Baramus, 792
Kellia, 1395, 1404
Keimer, Ludwig, 1396
Kellia, 1395, 1396-1409
altars, 106, 107
Ammonius and, 113
Amun, Saint, and, 119
architecture compared with Hilwan, 1234
ceramics of, See Ceramics, Coptic
complexes of churches, 552, 553, 1404-1405, 1406-1407
construction materials, 1401-1402
and Coptological studies, 615
and Damanhur bishopric, 687
in “Desert of Scetis,” 2102
earliest churches at, 552, 553
Egyptian archaeological activity, 1406-1407
epigraphy, 1407-1408
Evagrius Ponticus and, 1076-1077
excavations, 414, 694, 724, 1398-1406, 1658
French archaeological activity, 1398-1400, 1402
hegumenos title used at, 1216
hermit cells at, 477
history of site, 1397-1398
inscriptions found at, 1291, 1407-1408
and Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud identification, 1316
keeps, 1395, 1396
khizanahs found at, 1415
as laura of hermitages, 1224-1225
in Letters of Saint Antony, 150
and Macarius Alexandrinus, Saint, 1489-1490
monastic life, 1662
mural paintings at, 1408-1409, 1659, 1660, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877
and Nitria monastery, 1794-1796
Palladius at, 1876, 1877
Swiss archaeological activity, 1400-1406
two-bay hall development, 1404
Kells, Book of. See British Isles and Ireland, Coptic influences in the
Kemal Atatürk, 1996
Kenya, Coptic churches in, 1622
Kenyon, Frederic George, 1410
Kephalaia, 1891
Kerygmata (Damian), 1455
Keys, 1604, 1604
Kha’il I, Patriarch, 24, 37, 93, 350, 1205, 1410-1412, 1589, 1678, 1950
and bishop’s translation, 399
chosen at Bilbeis, 391
dates of patriarchy, 1915
feast day, 2085
and Mina I, 1631
as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721
Yuhanna the Deacon biography of, 2356-2357
Kha’il II, Patriarch, 1412, 2085
dates of patriarchy, 1916
Yuhanna biography of, 2356
Kha’il III, Patriarch, 903, 1412-1413
dates of patriarchy, 1916
held for ransom, 2280-2281
Khalil Bey (Mamluk amir), 1538
Khandaq, al-, 1413
see also Dayr al-Khandaq
Khara’ib al-Namus. See Dayr al-Namus
Kharaj (land tax), 636, 656, 1413-1414, 2093
Alexander II and, 86, 87
and Arab conquest of Egypt, 189
on communal property, 72, 85-87
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah on, 1269
impact on Copts, 72, 1410, 1412
increases during Shenute I patriarchy, 2134-2135
and Jacob, Saint, 1318
and jizyah tax, 1336
John IV payment, 1338
Macarius II policy, 1487
Khargah. See Kharjah
Kharjah (great oasis), monasteries near, 1317, 1658-1659
Khartoum. See Sudan, Copts in the
Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1658
Khatt al-Hamayuni, al. See Personal status law
Khayla Malakot of Shewa, 1590
Khidmat al-Shammas. See The Services of the Deacon
Khirbat al-Filusiyyah, 1414, 1650
Khirbitah, 1415
Khizanah, 1415, 1418
Khonai, shrine to Michael the Archangel, 1616
Khosrow textile (Antinoopolis), 2097-208
Khumarawayh, Caliph, 2281
Khune. See Kounes, Governor of Aswan
Khurus, 212-213, 218, 221, 223, 552, 553, 554, 555, 661
and altar location, 107
Dayr Anba Maqar, 753, 754
Dayr Anba Shinudah, 769
Khusus, al- (Coptic center), 703
Khuzi (martyr), 1552
Kilani, Muhammad Sayyid, 1465
Kilns, pottery, 481-482
Kings, anointing of, 139
Kircher, Athanasius, 1248, 1330, 1415, 1748, 1967, 2052
Kirillus, Anba, Bishop of Asyut, 1270
Kiss of Peace (aspasmos), 63, 1416
Kitab Akhbar al-Zaman (Yuhanna al-Hadhiq al-Qibti), 2357
Kitab al-Burhan fi al-Qawanin (Book of Evidence in Laws) (Abti
Shakir ibn al-Rahib), 33, 1463
Kitab al-Hadi fi Ma‘rifat al-Samadi (Qustantin), 2046
Kitab al-Huda (Canons of Clement), 456
Kitab al-‘Ilm wa-al-‘Amal (Yuhanna ibn Sawirus), 2357-2358
Kitab al-Idah (Severus of al-Ashmunayn), 1779
Kitab al-Istidlal. See Book of Dialectic
Kitab Jala’ al-‘Uqul fi‘Ilm al-Usul, 1464
Kitab al Khulaji al-Muqaddas, 1464
Kitab al-Majami‘, 1463
Kitab Misbah al-Zulmah fi ldah al-Khidmah. See Misbah al-Zulmah
(Ibn Kabar)
Kitab Qawanin al-Dawawin, 1461
Kitab al-Ru’us, 1779
Kitab al-Shifa’ (Butrus ibn al-Rahib), 1779
Kitab al-Shifa fi Kashf ma-Istatara min Lahut al-Masihwa-Ikhtafa, 1463
Kitab al-Suluk li-Ma‘rifat Duwal al-Muluk (Maqrizi), 1525
Kitab al-Tawarikh. See Book of Chronicles
Kitab al-Turuhat wa-al-Absaliyyat, 1464
Kitchener, Lord, 1466
Kiyahk (fourth month of Coptic calendar), 438, 441
in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2178-2 179
Kléber, Jean-Baptiste, 1333, 1416-1417, 2351
Kneeler-penitents, 1932
Kneeling. See Genuflection
Knowledge Society, 1993
Kohl, boxes for, 2337-2338
Koine, 1166, 1168, 1169
see also Greek language
Koinonia (community), 1664, 1859-1860, 1861, 1862, 1952
see also Monasticism, Pachomian; Pachomius, Saint
Kom Abu Billu. See Tarnut
Komete (patrician), 1679
Kom Gu’aif. See Naucratis
Kom Namrud, 1224, 1418
Kom Ombo, 1418, 1865
Kom al-Rahib, 1418-1419
Konkhistes (Coptic textile term), 2221
Kootwyck, Iohann van, 1647
Koptos. See Qift
Korakion (Millenarian), 911
Kothos (pagan deity), 1870
Koui (Khui), Governor of Aswan, tomb of, 850
Koukoullion (bishop’s hood), 1476
Kounes (Khune), Governor of Aswan, tomb of, 850, 851
Krajon and Amun, Saints, 1419, 1556
Krall, Jakob, 1419
Krestodolu I, Ethiopian prelate, 1020
Krestodolu II, Ethiopian prelate, 1024- 1025
Krestodolu III, Ethiopian prelate, 1028, 1349
Krikoris Vegayasayr (Armenian bishop), 234
Kubaniyyah, al-, 815-8 16
Kuentz, Charles, 1419
Kühnel, Ernst, 1419-1420
Kula al-Hamra, al-. See Hermitages, Theban
Kunnash al-Thurayya, 1922
Kurum al-Tuwal. See ‘Amriyyah
Kush, Empire of, 110, 1420
and Nubians, 1797, 1800
threat by Beja tribes, 373
Kutlah al-Wafdiyyah, al-. See Wafdist bloc
Kuttah. See Scriptorium
Kutulus (martyr), 1553
Kuwait, Coptic church in, 1621
Kyprianos, spells of, 1506-1507
Kyriakos Mikha’il. See Mikha’il Kyriakos
Kyrie eleison, 1420-1421, 1469, 1569, 2013, 2014
in the Book of Canonical Hours, 446-449
for consecration of patriarchs, 1909-1910
in Coptic Good Friday service, 1152
Kyrillos. See Ethiopian Prelates
Kyrillus. See Cyril
Kyrollos. See Cyril
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| Rating | |
| Entry Title | Index F-K Volumes 1-7 |
| Publication | The Coptic encyclopedia, volume 8 |
| Entry Reference | CE: Index F-K Volumes 1-7 |
| Creator | Atiya, Aziz Suryal, 1898-1988 (editor-in-chief) |
| Contributors | Atiya, Aziz Suryal, 1898-1988 (editor-in-chief) |
| Subject |
Copts Encyclopedias and dictionaries Indexes |
| Description | [Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372] F_______________________ Fabian, Pope, 889 Fabian Society, 2088 Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, 909, 911, 912 Fabrics. See Textiles, Coptic Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices (ARE-UNESCO), 1771-1773 Fadl ibn Abi al-Fada’il, 1463 Fa’iz, al-, Caliph, 1099 Fakhr al-Dawlah Abu al-Mufaddal ibn al-‘Assal, 1085, 1748 False doctrine. See Heresy Family law, Coptic, 1942 see also Personal status law Family life, Coptic, 1086-1088 see also Children; Marriage Family Life Education Program (FLEP), 1088 Famines, 693, 708, 750, 877, 1633 Fan, 1473-1474 Fanah, Saint, 698 see also Dayr Abu Fanah Fanus, Akhnukh, 1988, 1989 Fanus, Louis, 1627 Farabi, Al-, 6 Faraj, Ibrahim, 1991 Faraj Agha, 1636 Farajallah al-Akhmimi, 1089, 1780 Farama, al-(Pelusium), 1089-1090, 1650 on route of flight into Egypt, 1118 Faran. See Pharan Faras, 114, 1090-1091, 1675 and classic Christian Nubian pottery, 1806 as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813 evidence of Nubian liturgy at, 1816-1817 fresco of Onophrius, Saint, at, 1842 and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 as Nobatian capital, 1797, 1798 Nobatian royal headquarters at, 2037 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804 and Nubian Christian architecture, 1807-1809 and Nubian inscriptions, medieval, 1814-1815 and Nubian studies, 615 portraits of bishops, 402 Faras Cathedral, 1090, 1091-1092 Faras murals, 1091-1092, 1092, 1811-1812, 1819 and the eparchs of Nobatia, 1798 Farid, Muhammad, 1994 Fariskur, 1649 Farouk I, King, 1694, 1990, 1992 Farshut, 11, 12, 331, 1092-1093, 1656 Fast of the Apostles, 1093 Fast of Heraclius, 1093-1094 \ Fasting, 1093-1096, 1699 abstinence differentiated from, 17 communion and, 579 Didache on, 898 Didascalia on, 899 Eucharist, 1063 as funerary custom, 1125 Good Friday, 1152 and Holy Saturday, 1247-1248 and Holy Week, 1251 Lent, 1437 liturgical ritual books for, 1729 marriage ceremonies proscribed during periods of, 1545 monthly festal days and, 1111 and Paramone, 1901 Saturday, 2098, 2099 Sunday, 2159-2160 Fast of Jonah, 1094 Fast of the Nativity, 1095-1096 Fast of the Virgin Mary, 1096 Fath, Mahmud Abu, al-, 1990 Father of the Monks. See Antony of Egypt, Saint Father of Two Swords. See Mercurius of Caesarea Fatimid dynasty, 1097-1099, 1271, 1488, 1632-1633 Abu al-Fadl ‘Isa ibn Nasturus financial role, 18 coinage, 576 Coptic church under, 1574 Copto-Muslim art, 1311-1312 al-Hakim prohibitions and persecutions, 1201-1203 Islamization, 939, 940 Qus prosperity under, 2043 Faw al-Qibli (Faw of the South) See Pbow Fayyum (region) Abraam I, Bishop of, 10 Coptic glass excavations, 1143 cult of Homeric gods, 1865 funerary portraits, 2001 Greek settlements in, 1175 inscriptions found in, 1292 monasteries of, 1650-1651; see also specific monasteries monastery libraries, 1449 papyrus collections, 1389, 1891, 1895 stelae from, 2162 tombstone material and shapes in, 1295 Fayyum, city of, 1100 Fayyum Gospel Fragment, 1100 Fayyumic dialect New Testament in, 1788 see also Appendix Fayyumic Papyrus. See Hamburg Papyrus Fayyum paintings. See Portraits and funerary masks Feast, 1101-1109 monthly festal days, 1111-1112 Feast of the Angel, festal day, 1111 Feast of Blowing of the Trumpets, 1101 Feast of the Martyrs, 1547-1548 Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, awshiyahi during, 311 Feasts of the Cross, 1469 Feast of Shamm al-Nasim, 2126 Feasts, Latin, in the Coptic Catholic Church, 601 Feasts, major, 1101, 1102-1106, 1904 anaphora of Saint Gregory use, 124-125 Assumption of the Virgin Mary, 290, 1096, 2256 Epiphany liturgy, 967-968 liturgical ritual books, 1715-1716, 1729 pilgrimages linked with, 1968, 1970 Feasts, minor, 1101, 1106-1109 liturgical ritual books for, 1729 Feasts, movable, in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2190 Feasts of the Theotokos, 2256 Feast of the Tabernacles, 1101 Feast of the Virgin, 1111 Feast of Weeks, 1101 Febronia, Saint (martyr), 1109-1110, 1555 Federal Republic of Germany. See Germany Feet, washing of, 8-9, 1107-1108, 1252, 1426-1427 laqqan tank, 1426-1427 Maundy Thursday, 311 Felix III, Pope (Rome), 43, 1218 Felix, Saint, 1082, 1110, 1555, 2057, 2086, 2232, 2233 Felix of Aptunga, 920 Festal days, monthly, 1111-1112 Festival of Saint Michael, 1617, 1618 Festugière, A.-J., 1445 Feudal system, Coptic control of, 1535 Fibers used in Coptic textiles, 2211-2213 Figurines metal, 1607 terra-cotta, 500-503, 501-503 Fikri, ‘Abdallah, 1994 Filatis (martyr), 1555 Filioque, 1112-1116, 1119 in Coptic Catholic church, 601 and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1250 history of controversy, 1112-1114 theological background and interpretation, 1114-1116 Filta’us Malati, 1688 Filya (martyr), 688 Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1002-1003 The First Book of Jeu, 897 First Principles (Origen). See De principiis Fis, Saint, 716, 1116, 2083 Fish, as symbol in Coptic art, 2170-2171, 2171 Fishah, 1117 Flasks, 1602-1603 Flavian, Archbishop of Constantinople, 44, 893, 913, 1440, 1441, 1672, 1948 and Eutyches, 1074, 1670 and Evagrius Ponticus, 2249 and John Chrysostom, 893, 1357 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 Flavian of Ephesus, Bishop, 1117 Flavio, Biondo, 1119 Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus (prefect), 2009 Flavius Honorius, Emperor, 921 Flavius Philagrius (prefect), 2009 Flavius Strategius Apion, 155 Flight into Egypt, 1117-1118 and Armant, 233 and al-Ashmunayn, 233, 841 and Asyut, 927 and Bastah, 360-361 and Bilbeis, 391 and al-Burullus, 427 and al-Farama, 1089 Feast of the, 1107 and Harit Zuwaylah, 1207-1209 martyrdoms linked with, 1554 monastic sites associated with, 712, 716, 813, 818, 840, 841, 1653 and Nikiou, 1793 pilgrimage sites associated with, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1977 traditions about, 841-842 Flinders Petrie, W. M., 705, 1090 Florence, Copts at the Council of (1439-1443), 722, 1118-1119 on canon of New Testament, 2110 filioque debate, 1114, 1115-1116 and relations with Rome, 609 and Zar’a Ya‘qob of Ethiopia, 1052-1053 Florentinus, 1445 Florentius (patrician), 1074 Florianus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Florus (prefect), 2009 Flowers, woven textile, 2226 Flute, 1740, 1740 Flute of the Holy Spirit. See Jacob of Sartij Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1713 Fontaine, A. L., 1090 Food and diet abstinence, 17 Dayr Anba Bishoi refectory, 735-736 Dayr Epiphanius (Pachomian monks), 801-802 Epiphany feast, 1103 fasting prohibitions, 1093 funerary customs, 1125 Shamm al-Nasim feast day, 2126 see also Famines; Refectory Foot washing. See Ablution; Feet, washing of Formosus of Porto, Bishop, 1113 Formula of Satisfaction (Anastasius), 44, 1672 Fortescue, Adrian, 1120 Fortress of Babylon, 317-320, 318 and Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 607-608 Fortress of Candles. See Qasr al-Sham‘ Fortresses hisn, 1237 Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 Qal‘at al-Babayn, 2035 Qasr Ibrim, 2036-2037 Qasr Nisimah, 2038 Qasr al-Sham‘, 2038 Talmis, 2200 Umm Dabadib, 2291 Vsee also Castrum Fortress of Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1684 Forty-nine martyrs of Scetis, 12, 1120-1121 and Bilbeis, 391 buried at al-Batanun, 361 chapel at Dayr al-Suryan, 876, 880 church of (Harit al-Rum), 753, 2046 and John of Scetis, 1362 Fouad, King, 1694, 1990, 1992 Foucart, G., 924 Four Living Creatures in Coptic Art. See Christ, Triumph of Fourth Eclogue (Virgil), 1867 Fra Bartolomeo, 1532 Fraction, 1121, 1567 and Epiphany, liturgy of the, 967-968 and Lord’s Prayer, 1481 prayers, 17, 71 France archaeological activity, 1398-1400, 1402 archaeological activity in the Kellia, 1398 Archaeological and Anthropological Museum, 1187 Coptic churches in, 1623 Coptic collections, 1701, 1705-1707; see also Louvre Museum influence on Egyptian political parties, 1987-1988 Louvre Museum, 1481-1483 Mauritius, Saint, veneration, 1572 papyri collections, 1892 see also Coptological studies; French expedition in Egypt; Scholars Franciscan Center for Christian Oriental Studies, founding of, 1123 Franciscan Mission of Upper Egypt, 1123 Franciscans in Egypt, 1121-1123, 1699 Frankish kingdoms, 1112 Fraumünster, Zurich, 1082, 1110, 2057 Freer Collection, Washington, D.C., 843, 1136, 1895-1896 Free will, 1929 French expedition in Egypt, 1141, 1206, 1284, 1511-1512 and administrative organization of Egypt, 935, 1516 Coptic Legion, 1524; see also Coptic Legion Coptic officials, 1687-1688 influence on Egyptian political thought, 1993 Jirjis al-Jawhari and, 1332-1334 Kléber, Jean Baptiste, participation, 1416 Mark VIII patriarchy during, 1538- 1539 military leadership, 1417, 1591- 1592 and Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty, 1691-1692 Muhammad al-Muhdi support, 1696 scholarship and, 1526, 1977 Shukrallah Jirjis and, 2136 Yaqub, General, 2349-2352 French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, Cairo, 256 French language, Arabic-French dictionary, 1284, 1285 French Oriental Army, 1417 French School, Rome, 925 Frescobaldi, 1977 Frescoes. See Painting, Coptic mural Friars Minor of the Observance, 610 Friday. See Wednesday and Friday fast days Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 1893 Friends of the Bible, 1124 Friezes, 1873, 2341-2342, 2342 Frumentius. See Salama I Fugas, Bishop of Bontos (martyr), 1555 Fulvius Asticus, 906 Funeral masks, 2001 Funerary customs, 1124-1125 mourning, 1686 murals and portraiture, 1873, 2001-2003 objects, 263 rites, 425-426, 1128, 1901 stela, 2149-2152 see also Burial rites; Mourning in early Christian times; Mummification Furayj Ruways, hagiographical collection of, 1780 Fustat, Al- (Old Cairo) and Arab conquest of Egypt, 188 Coptic churches’ legal status in, 687 DayrAbu Sayfayn, 710-711 Dayr bi’l-Habash, 796 foundation of, 188 Harit al-Rum section, 1206-1207 Harit Zuwaylah section, 1207- 1209 and Islamization, 937 as site of Egyptian mint, 575-576 transfer of Egyptian capital to, 88-89, 91, 96 Fustat Expedition of the American Research Center in Egypt. See Ceramics of the late Coptic period Futuh Misr (‘Abd al-Hakam), on the Arab conquest of Egypt, 183- 189 Fuwwah, 1125-1126 G_______________________ Gabra Manfas Qeddus, Ethiopian saint, 1055 Gabra Masqal, Ethiopian saint, 1047-1048 Gabr’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1014-1015, 1054 Gabriel (monk-priest of Dayr al-‘Adhra’, Samalut), 716 Gabriel (qummus of Dayr al-Muharraq), 840 Gabriel, Archangel, 190, 1135-1137 and the Annunciation, 528-529, 1102, 1199, 2256 and the Assumption of Mary, 292, 293, 2256 churches dedicated to, 845, 860, 1137 festival of, 845-846 and Herpaese and Julianus, Saints, 1226 monasteries dedicated to, 814, 845, 1654 paintings of, 868, 869 and Theotokos, feasts of the, 2256 Gabriel, Bishop of Atfih (Aphroditopolis), 726 Gabriel I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325 Gabriel I, Saint and Patriarch, 1127, 2083 dates of patriarchy, 1916 as monk of Dayr Anba Antuniytis, 722 Gabriel II ibn Turayk, Patriarch, 881, 1127-1128, 1613, 2083 and Apostolic Canons, 453 and canons of Coptic law, 450 on Canons of Epiphanius, 457 and Canons of Hippolytus, 458 compilation of difnar by, 1728 condemnation of cheirotonia, 517 dates of patriarchy, 1917 on Dayr Anba Bula, 741 and Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980 and Holy Week scripture readings, 1251 imprisonment, 1129 and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 successor, 1615 Gabriel III, Patriarch dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Hasaballah, 1209 as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 Gabriel IV, Patriarch, 1129-1130 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1569 and Timotheus, 1845 Gabriel V, Patriarch, 392, 1130-1132 dates of patriarchy, 1918 as monk at Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 759 Gabriel VI, Patriarch, 1133 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1616 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, 1133-1134 dates of patriarchy, 1918 and Petros II, Ethiopian prelate, 1018 and restoration of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 720, 722 and restoration of Dayr Anba Bula, 742 and Roman Catholic embassy, 952 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 Gabriel VIII, Patriarch, 1135 consecrated at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550 and Coptic relations with Rome, 609-610, 797-798, 810, 1134 dates of patriarchy, 1918 as monk at Dayr Anba Bishoi, 735 and Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364 Gabriel al-Durunki (priest-monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus), 722 Gabriel ibn Katib al-Qudiyyah, Bishop of Asyut, 1131 Gaianites, 734, 790, 876, 1138, 2054, 2139, 2241 see also Gaianus; Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus Gaianus (rival patriarch of Alexandria), 1138, 2054, 2104, 2241 see also Gaianites Gaius, Emperor. See Caligula Galactotrophousa depicted in Coptic art, 531 see also Virgo lactans Galba, Emperor, patriarch under, 1913 Galerius, Emperor, 904, 906, 907, 1869 patriarch under, 1914 visit to Egypt, 2063, 2066 Gallery, 210 Gallielaion. See Oil of exorcism Gallienus, Emperor, 909, 910, 1869 patriarch under, 1914 tolerance of Christians, 1936 Gallus, Emperor, 909 and Julian the Apostate, 1380 patriarch under, 1914 vision of the Holy Cross, 1244 Galtier, Emile Joseph, 1138 Games, wooden, 2339, 2340 Gangra, Council of (circa 340), 1138, 1543 Garden of the Monks. See Apophthegmata patrum Garima, Ethiopian saint, 1046 Garments, sacred. See Liturgical vestments Gaselee, Stephen, 1138 Gaul, 252-253, 255, 1381 Gayet, Albert Jean Marie Philippe, 847, 1138-1139, 1481 Gebhard, Johannes, 1921 Gelasius, Bishop of Caesarea, 2069 Gelasius I, Patriarch of Constantinople, 43 Gelasius, Saint, 2083 Gemination, vocalic. See Appendix Genesis and Ecelesiastes (Didymus), 900 Geneva, University of, 1400 Gentilly, Synod of (767), 1112 Genuflection, 1139 Geographic Society, 1993 Geography, dialectal. See Appendix Geometric designs, in paintings at Bawit, 372 George (martyr). See Jirjis al-Muzahim George, Bishop of Pelusium, 1089 George, Saint, 230, 1139-1140, 1555, 2083 churches dedicated to, 686, 782, 784, 788, 820, 821, 1131, 1140, 1975 cycle of collected manuscript, 1782 and Horus myth, 248-249, 1762 iconography of, 248-250 monasteries dedicated to, 709, 824, 826, 830, 848, 850, 1658 in Nubian church art, 1812 pilgrimages linked with, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973 portraits of, 726, 727 relics of, 1131 George of Alexandria (martyr), 1555 George of Alexandria, Bishop, 1380, 1381 George the Ascetic (martyr), 1555 George of Cappadocia. See George, Saint George the Copt. See Jirjis al-Qibti George of Makouria, King, 1099, 1271 George of Scetis. See Abraham and George of Scetis, Saints Georgia, Russia, 2243-2244 Georgius (Arian bishop of Alexandria), 98, 101, 102, 1869 Geradamus, 1150 Gérdios (Coptic weaving term), 2221 Germanicus (Roman imperial prince), 2061-2062, 2066 German Institute, 842 German State Library, Berlin, 1893 Germanus, Bishop, 910 Germany Coptic churches in, 1623 Coptic collections in, 1701, 1703-1704 papyrus collection in, 1892- 1893 see also State Museum of Berlin Gerspach, Edouard, 257 Ghali (19th-century Coptic finance minister), 1141, 1334, 1636, 1692, 2059 Ghali, Boutros. See Boutros Ghali Ghali, Mint B., 1299 Gharbiyyah Province Dayr Mar Mina in, 833 Dayr al-Maymah in, 837-838 Dimayrah in, 902-903 Dinushar in, 903 monasteries in, 1651-1652 Ghillebert de Lannoy, 720, 722, 1977 Ghost trap, 1508 Ghubriyal. See Gabriel Ghubriyal, Kamil Ibrahim, 1743 Ghubriyal, Riyad, 1465, 1466 Ghuzz plunder of Damru, 689 plunder of Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj), 764 Giambattista, Eliano, Father, 1134 Gildo, Count, 921 Gilles de Loche, 1977 Ginusi (martyr), 1555 Girdle, 342, 1476-1477, 1535 Girgis, V. A., 2022 Girgis Mattha, 1141 Giuliano Cesarini, Cardinal, 1119 Giversen, 5., 1894 Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 Giyorgis II, Ethiopian prelate, 1008-1009 Giyorgis of Gasecha, Ethiopian Saint, 1051-1052 Giza, 1141-1142 Dayr al-Ahmar in, 716-7 17 Dayr al-Muharraqah in, 841-842 Dayr Nahya in, 843 Franciscan seminary in, 1123 see also Monasteries of the Lower Sa‘id Gjmoumi. See Ashmun Glass, Coptic, 1142-1147, 1143-1147 Islamic influence on, 1312 lamps, 1144-1145 inLouvre Museum, 1483 luster painting, 1146, 1311, 1312 preservation of, 280 religious uses, 1146-1147 restoration. See Art preservation tableware and storage vessels, 1143-1144 technique, 1142-1143 window and wall decorating, 1145-1146 see also Art, historiography of Coptic Glazing techniques, ceramic, 486-487, 510 Gloria in excelsis, 1147, 1732 Gnapheus (Coptic textile term), 2221 Gnômès, and the Arabic Canons of Nicaea, 1789-1790 Gnosis, 1147-1148, 1157, 1163, 1300, 1520 abraxas (word with numerical value), 14 apocryphons as source for understanding, 160, 172 in Jung Codex, 569 scholarship on, 2032, 2033 Gnostic Christians. See Gnosticism Gnosticism, 1148-1151, 1453 abstinence practice, 17 Allogenes text, 105 in the Apocalypse of Adam, 156-157, 166 in the Apocalypse of James, First, 157-158 in the Apocalypse of James, Second, 158-159 in the Apocalypse of Paul, 159-160 in the Apocalypse of Peter, 160-161 and the Apocryphon of James, 169 and Authentikos logos, 304 Basilides, 356-357 in Byzantine Alexandria, 101 on celibacy, 1543 Celsus on, 479 Cerinthus on Incarnation, 1288 Clement of Alexandria on, 103, 470, 562-563 in Concept of Our Great Power, 583 and Coptic literature, 1450-1451 Coptic translation of Plato’s Republic, 1958 and Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898 Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898 and docetism, 917 Egyptian influence on, 1150 and Eugnostos the Blessed, 1068-1069 and Exegesis on the soul, 1081 Gabriel, Archangel, in literature of, 1135 Gnosis concept, 1147-1148, 1157, 1163; see also Gnosis and Gospel of Mary, 1155 and Gospel of Philip, 1155-1156 and Gospel of Thomas, 1162, 1163 and Gospel of Truth, 1163-1164 Greek and Coptic-speaking adherents, 1177 Heracleon, 1219-1220 and Homoeans and homoiousion term, 1252, 1253 and Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261 and Hypsiphrone, 1262 and Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 and Letter of Peter to Philip, 1446 link with monasticism, 1229, 1661 and liturgical music, 1732, 1735 magical spells, 1503 Marsanes, prophet, 1547 Melchizedek and, 1583-1584 in Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771-1773; see also Nag Hammadi Library On the Origin of the World scripture, 1842-1844 papyri in Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 608 and Paraphrase of Shem, 1901- 1902 Plotinus refutation of, 1982 and Second Treatise of the Great Seth, 2117-2118 Sethian, 1154, 1222, 2117-2118, 2259-2260 seven “magic vowels”, 1732, 1735 and the Sophia of Jesus Christ, 1068-1069 and Testimony of Truth, 2209-2210 and Thought of Norea, 2257 and Three Stelae of Seth, 2259-2260 and Thunder, Perfect Mind, 2260 and Treatise on the Resurrection, 2275 and Trimorphic Protennoia, 2276-2277 and Tripartite Tractate, 2277 and Valentinian Exposition, 2295-2296 and Valentinus, 157-158, 2296-2297 and Zostrianus, 2371-2372 see also Apocalypse headings; Manichaeism Gobidlaha, Dado, and Caxo, Saints, 1151-1152, 1555 Goblets, 1601-1603 God-bearer. See Theotokos Goethe, Johann, 1149 Gold dinars, 574, 575-576, 709 Goldsmiths, 1595, 1604 Gondophernes, King of Malabar, 1635 Good Friday, 1104, 1152-1153, 1252, 1904 candles, 446 and Holy Saturday, 1247-1249 lectern placement, 1435 music, 1720, 1721, 1729 Good news. See Gospel headings Gordian. See Epimachus and Gordian (martyrs) Gordianus III, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Gorst, Sir Aldon, 1466, 1627 Gospel. See Egerton Gospel; Evangeliary; Evangelist; Gospels; specific names Gospel book, 1474 Gospel casket, 1153, 1474 Gospel of the Egyptians, 1153-1154 and Gospel of Thomas, 1163 and Zostrianus, 2372 Gospel of the Hebrews, 1163, 1619 Gospel of Mary, 897, 1155 Gospel of Philip, 897, 1155-1157, 1164 and Authentikos logos, 309 and Valentinian Exposition, 2296 Gospels Arabic translations, 282, 1464 in Bohairic dialect, 2138 Gospel of Saint John, 1078, 1148 on Last Supper, 1060-1061 on the nature of Christ, 524 parchment manuscript, 1885 Gospel of Saint Luke, 1078, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1163, 2195 commentary on, 1456 Lord’s Prayer, 1480 parchment manuscript, 1885 Gospel of Saint Mark, 1078, 1157-1162, 1529, 1530-1531, 1532, 1910, 2195 commentary on, 1456 parchment manuscript, 1885 see also Secret Gospel of Saint Mark Gospel of Saint Matthew, 1078, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1163, 1544, 1881, 2195 on events of Holy Saturday, 1247 linked with Ebionites, 930 Lord’s Prayer, 1480 reading for altar consecration, 108 Gospels, synoptic, 1157, 2195 see also Gospel of Saint Luke; Gospel of Saint Matthew; Gospel of Saint Mark Gospel of Thomas, 897-898, 1162-1163, 1981, 2032 on Ebionites, 929-930 and Gospel of Mary, 1155 and Gospel of Philip, 1156 Gospel of Truth, 569, 1151, 1163-1164 in Jung Codex, 569 and Valentinus, 2297 Gothic War, 2020 Goths, conversion of, 2285 Goutinos (monk), 317 Government Egyptian provincial reforms, 2007-2009, 2022-2023 Murqus Simaykah service, 1700 pagarch system, 1871-1872 patriarchal selection approval, 1911 political parties, 1986-1996 political party leadership, 1747-1748 Rizq Agha service, 2059 Roman emperors in Egypt, 2061-2063 Roman intervention in, 2064 see also Mamluks and Copts; Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty; Political thought in modern Egypt; Roman Empire; Taxation; specific personal names, titles, and related subjects Graeco-Roman. See Greco-Roman headings Graf, Georg, 1165, 1735, 2019 Graf, Theodor, 1389 Graffin, René, 1165 Graffiti, 1165 at al-Dayr, 695 at Dayr al-Bahri, 780, 781 at Kellia, 2129 medical, 1888 Nubian, 1172 at Shams al-Din, 2126-2127 at al-Shaykh Hasan, 2129 at al-Shaykh Sa‘id, 2130 see also Inscriptions Grammars, Coptic, 34, 1266, 1268, 1302, 2148 Granite, Coptic sculpture in, 2113 Grapow, Hermann, 1165 Gratian, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Graves. See Burial rites and practices; Cemeteries; Mummification; Stela; Tombs Gravestones. See Stela; Tombs Graziani, Rodolfo, 1041, 1042 Great Britain Anglican Church in Egypt, 133 Coptic art influence in, 252 Coptic churches in, 1623-1624 Coptic collections in, 1707-1710 Coptic influences in the British Isles, 416-419 Coptic Street (London), 611-612 and Egyptian political relations, 1989- 1991 English saints, 418-419 occupation of Egypt, 1627-1628, 1637, 1693-1694, 1748 papyrus collections in, 1893-1894 see also names of specific .institutions and museums Great Doxology, 923 Great Intercessions, in Mass of the Catechumens, 1564 Great Lent, 1102, 1437 see also Lent Great Persecution (303-312), 88, 906-907, 919, 921 see also Diocletian, Emperor; Diocletian Era Great Power. See Concept of Our Great Power Great Synagogue (Tamuh), 717 Greco-Roman influence on Coptic art and architecture, 261-269, 262, 263, 264, 265 Greco-Roman Museum, Alexandria, 74, 75, 1891 Greece Coptic collections in, 1710 monasticism in, 1663 Greek accounting practices. See Accounts and accounting, history of Coptic Greek Church of Saint George, 320 Greek correspondence, 968-969 Greek culture. See Hellenism Greek deities, 1865 see also specific names Greek fathers (patristics), 1920, 1921, 1982 Greek language, 1165-1169, 1175, 1176, 1178 accounting, 53 acrostics, 1986 in Alexandria, 97 Apostles’ Creed in, 178 archives, 526 Bible manuscripts. See Bible manuscripts, Greek and Coptic legal sources, 1438 and Coptic literature, 1450-1451, 1453-1455, 1456 and Coptic music, 1731-1732 Didache manuscript, 898-899 Egyptian papyri, 1889 Egypt in late antiquity, 946 foreign influences on, 1169 Hesychius of Alexandria dictionary, 1227 influence on Demotic and Coptic languages, 1169 inscriptions in, 327-328, 1171, 1290, 1291, 1292 Isidorus of Pelusium’s letters, 1309 legends of martyrs in, 1550 Life of Paul of Thebes in, 1926 Liturgy of Saint Mark, 1539-1540 Lives of Pachomius, Saint, 1860-1861, 1862, 1863 medieval Nubian clergy use of, 1813, 1816, 1817 Mysteries of Greek Letters treatise, 1749-1750 Nonnos of Panopolis epics, 1799 papyri, 1166, 1890-1896, 1898, 1900 Physiologos, 1965-1966 post-Arab conquest use in Egypt, 189 Procopius’ works in, 2020 Psalis in, 1727 Pseudo-Macarius homilies, 2027, 2028 spread and changes in Egypt, 1165-1167 see also Alphabet, Greek; Toponymy, Coptic Greek language in Christian Nubia, 1171-1173 Greek Monastery. See Dayr al-Rumi; Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Greeks in Egypt, 1174-1178 impact on Alexandria, 97-98, 99, 100 Melchites and Copts, 1583 numerals in Coptic system, 1820-1822 philosophy, 1958 see also Hellenism Greek towns in Egypt, 413, 1179-1181 Greek transcriptions. See Appendix Green, M., 1895 Gregorian calendar. See Calendar, Gregorian Gregorios, Bishop of al-Qays, 709 Gregory, Saint. See Liturgy of Saint Gregory Gregory I (Gregory the Great), Pope (Rome), 71, 921, 1339, 1921 Gregory II, Patriarch, 1182, 2047 Gregory of Damietta, Metropolitan, 1613-1614 Gregory of Dumyat, Bishop, 926 Gregory the Illuminator, Saint and Patriarch of Armenia, 1183, 1555 Gregory of Kois, Bishop, 2092-2093 Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint, 114, 1183-1184, 1308, 1309, 1619, 1921, 2083 anaphora, 71, 124-125, 1066, 1733 on angels, 132 on Athanasius I, 298 on communicatio idiomatum, 578 consecration and translation of, 398-399 and Constantinople, First Council of, 594, 2263 and Didymus the Blind, 900 on Easter designation, 1104 encomia, 1196 and Evagrius Ponticus, 1076 on filioque, 1115 and Julian the Apostate, 1380 on Kyrie eleison, 1420 on meaning of candles, 446 and Origen, 471, 1854, 1855 patristic writings, 1921 Rufinus translations of, 2068 Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 114, 1183, 1184-1185, 2083 and the Anomoeans, 142 on celibacy, 476 collected homilies of, 1778 on communicatio idiomatum, 578 and eschatology, 973 on eucharistic divine transformation, 1058, 1059 and filioque justification, 1115 on immersion, 1286 Isidorus of Pelusium correspondence with, 1308 on orientation toward the East during prayers, 1846 patristic writings, 1921 philosophical writings, 1958 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 see also Canons of Gregory of Nyssa Gregory al-Sinawiti (the Sinaite). See Gregory II, Patriarch Gregory Thaumaturgus, 1577 Gregory Theodorus, 1848 Gregory the Theologian. See Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, 110, 1091, 1185 and Girgis Mattha, 1141 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804 on Nubian languages and literature, 1815 and Nubian mural art in churches, 1811 Griffith Institute, Oxford University, 895 Groff, William N., 1185 Grohmann, Adolf, 1185-1186, 1389 Grossmünster, Zurich, Switzerland, 1082, 1083, 1110, 2057 Guardian angel, 1186 Abbaton, 2 Gubba, Ethiopian saint, 1046 Guidi, Ignazio, 1186-1187 Guild. See Confraternity Guillaumont, Antoine, 694, 1397, 1398 Guimet, Emile Etienne, 1187, 1481 Guimet Museum, Lyons, France, 1482 H_______________________ Haase, Felix, 1189 Hawawish, al-, monasteries near, 713 Habachi, Banub, 1541 Habakkuk, 1618 Habashi, Saba, 1993 Habib Jirjis, 933, 1189, 1464, 2354 Habu, pharaonic temple of, 196 Haddad, Nicola, 1996 Hades, 1189-1190, 1900 and Holy Saturday, 1247 see also Judgment, Last Hadra of Aswan, Saint, 130, 745, 1190, 2083 see also Dayr Anba Hadra Hadra of Benhadab, Saint, 1190-1191, 1922, 2083 Hadrian, Emperor Antinoopolis founding by, 142, 1170, 1181 martyrdom of daughter, 1552 patriarch under, 1913, 1914 temples, 863 visit to Egypt, 2062, 2065, 2066 Hadrian I, Pope (Rome), 1112 Haffaz, 696 Hafiz, al-, Caliph, 1097-1098, 1099, 1128-1129 Hafn, 1528 Hafs ibn al-Walid al-Hadrami, Caliph, 1410 Hage (village), 771 Hagiographa, in Jewish canon, 2109 Hagiography, Coptic, 1191-1197, 1921 on anachoresis, 120 on Cycle of Diocletian martyrs, 153 National Library (Paris) manuscripts, 1777-1782 Synaxarion as primary source of, 2174 see also Cycle Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 235, 1041, 1042, 1197-1199, 1628, 1909, 2363 and conference of Oriental Orthodox churches, 1845-1846 and Cyril II, Patriarch, 6744 Hail Mary, 1199 Hajar Danfiq, Dayr al-Salib, 859 Hajir Idfu, 1200, 1200 see also Dayr al-Malak Makha’il (Idfu) Hakim Bi-Amr-Illah Abu ‘Ali Mansur, al-, 94, 843, 854, 1104, 1200-1203, 1517, 1524, 1525, 1776 and Abu al-‘Ala’ Fahd ibn Ibrahim, 17-18 and Abu al-Fadl ‘Isa ibn Nasturus, 18-19 and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 and Epiphany tanks, 968 Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas and, 1306 and Pbow basilica destruction, 1927, 1929 persecutions under, 1097, 1201, 2313-2314 Zacharias, Patriarch, 2367 Hakim, Tawfiq al-, 1995 Halkin, F., 1445 Hall, Henry Reginald Holland, 780, 1203, 1585 Hall, Stuart G., 1585 Hallelujah. See Alleluia Halo. See Nimbus Hamai of Kahyor, Saint (martyr), 1203-1204, 1555 Hamal. See Eucharistic bread Hamburg Papyrus, 380-381, 1204-1205, 1893 Hamidat, Al-, 1205 Hammam (Bedouin), 1538 Hammam (village), 806 Hamzah, ‘Abd al-Qadir, 1990 Handbags, 645 Hand cymbals. See Cymbals Hands, laying-on of. See Laying-on of hands Hands, washing of, 8-9, 1469 Hanna, Murqus, 1466 Hanna Herkel. See Haragli, Jean Hanna Salib Sa‘d, 1206, 1591 Haragli, Jean, 1206 Hardy, Edward R., 1206 Harit al-Rum (Old Cairo), 1206-1207, 1647, 2046 church restoration, 2315 convents, 2325 icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 293-294 patriarchal residence, 1348, 1913, 2000 Harit Zuwaylah (Old Cairo), 23, 1207-1209, 1647, 1963 and al-‘Adhra’ church, 322-323 church blessing, 404 church closures and burial prohibitions, 1128 church of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1594 convents, 2325 and flight into Egypt, 1118 icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 294 patriarchal seat and residence, 1133, 1344, 1348, 1913 Harmina, Saint, 808, 1209, 1255, 2084 Harmonics (Claudius Ptolemy), 1731 Harnack, Adolf von, 1452, 1921 Haroeris (pagan deity), 1418 Harp, 1734, 1738, 1740 Harp of the Believing Faith. See Jacob of Saruj Harraniyyah, tapestry workshops at, 2051 Harun, Apa, monastery of, 1652 Harwaj (martyr), 1555 Hasaballahb, Bishop of Shansha, 1209-1210 Hasab-Allah al-Bayadi, Mu‘allim, 722 Hasan (son of al-Hafiz), 1129 Hasan ‘Abd al-Raziq Pasha, 1987 Hasan al-‘Attar, Shaykh, 1654, 1994 Hasina. See Menas and Hasina (martyrs) Hassan ibn Thabit, 1528 Hathor (pagan deity), 816, 817, 853, 1740, 1874 Isis fusion with, 1752 temple at Dandarah, 690, 691 Hatshepsut (pagan deity), 1874 temple excavations, 227 temple of, 779, 780, 781, 786 Hatur (third month of Coptic calendar), 438, 440, 2176-2177 Hauser, Walter, 1210 Hawashi al-Safawiyyah (al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal), 2076 Hawtharah, Caliph, 1411 Hawwarah, 1210-1211, 1210 Hawwariyyah, 718, 1211-1212, 1211 basilica of, 213 Hay, R., 780 Haykal. See Altar; Sanctuary Haykal, Muhammad Husayn, 1995 Haykal al-taqdimah. See Prothesis Headdress, Coptic women, 641-642 Healings in Coptic literature, 1212-1214 by laying-on of hands, 1433 see also Unction of the sick, Holy Sacrament of the Heaven, 1214 see also Paradise Heavenly Hymn, 1565 Hebbelynck, Adolphe, 1215, 1749, 1895 Hebrews. See Jews and Judaism; Old Testament Hebrews in the Furnace, in Coptic art, 388-390 Hefele, Karl Joseph, 1215 Hegel, George, 1149 Hegumenos, 1215-1216 and appointment of Theophilos I, Archbishop, 2247 archimandrite differentiation, 192, 193 in ecclesiastical hierarchy,1229, 2015 Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 and John V, Patriarch, 1340 al-Makin Jirjis, 1513 Makramallah, 1515 provost and, 2024 of Scetis, 2103 Yacobos II, Archbishop, 2349 Yusab II, Patriarch, 2363 see also Proestos Hegumenos, ordination of a, 1216 Heinkel, Dettlof, 720 Helena, Saint and Empress (mother of Constantine), 660, 1243, 1377, 1378, 1971, 1972 Helias. See Elias Helias, Bishop (martyr), 1555 Heliogabalus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Hell in Coptic theology, 974 see also Hades Hellenism Alexander Romance, 2059 Alexandria as center of, 91, 95-96, 100, 2065 and Arianism, 231 decline in Egypt, 946 and development of Alexandrian theology, 103-104, 1866 Judaism and, 1957 see also Greek headings Helwan. See Hilwan Henein Makarious. See Makaryus Hunayn Hengstenberg, Wilhelm, 1217 Henoch, 1867 Henoticon (Instrument of Unity), 1217-1218, 2370 Acacian Schism and, 43, 44, 45, 47, 55, 1671, 1672 Acephaloi opposition to, 55 Armenian church acceptance, 234 and Eutyches anathematization, 1075 John I and, 1337 Mark II and, 1534 Peter III Mongus and, 1948 Philoxenus of Mabbug and, 1962 Severus of Antioch on, 2124 and Timothy Salofaciolus, 2269 Henry I of Germany, 1572 Henry II of Germany, 1113 Henschenius, G., 56 Hephaestus (pagan deity), 1768 Heraclas, Saint and Patriarch, 1219, 2084 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 472 and conversion of Dionysius the Great, 909 dates of patriarchy, 1914 as Demetrius I successor, 893 and Origen, 1847 Heracleas and Philemon (martyrs), 1555 Heracleon, 356-357, 1151, 1219-1220 Heracleopolis Magna. See Ahnas Heracleopolis Parva, 1648 Heracles, 73 Heraclides, Saint (martyr), 1220-1221, 1555 Heraclius (general), 1938, 1940 Heraclius, Emperor acceptance of Monenergist creed, 1676 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 184 Chalcedon dogma, 837 ecthesis formula, 682, 931, 1666, 1678 fast of, 1093-1094, 1095 and liberation of the cross, 660, 1243 patriarch under, 1915 Herai, Saint, 1221 see also Ter and Erai, Saints Herais (martyr), 892 Heraiscus, 283, 1221-1222, 1868 Herakleides of Tamiathis/Dumyat, Bishop, 925 Herakleopolis. See Ahnas Hercules depicted in Coptic art, 1761, 1762 see also Amazons Herculia (Egyptian province), 905 Heresiologists, 1921 Heresy, 1222 Agnoetae, 70-71 anointing of heretics, 138-139 Apollinarianism, 173-174 Bukhisha sect on passion of Jesus, 94-95 Damian countermeasures, 688, 689 Didascalia on, 899 Dionysius the Great on, 911 docetism, 917 in Dumyat, 925 Ethiopian, 984-987, 1012-1013, 1052-1053 Eutychianism, 1075 evaluation of Arius’ beliefs, 232 on immersion and baptism, 1286 on Incarnation, 1288 Jerome, Saint, efforts against, 1323 Leo I the Great and, 1440-1442 Manichaeism, 1519-1522 Maximus, patriarch, and, 1585 Monarchianism, 1637-1638 Pelagianism, 1929-1930 in Pentapolis, 1934 Sabellianism, 911, 2072 Subordinationism, 1484 see also Arianism; Ethiopian heresies and theological controversies Hermas, 1223 and Acts of Peter and Twelve Apostles, 62-63 as apostolic father, 180 on guardian angels, 1186 on immersion and baptism, 1186 patristic writings, 1920 Hermeneutics, canonical, 2110 Hermes Trismegistus-Thoth, 284, 917, 1150, 1223-1224, 1617, 1867, 1868 Hermetic texts. See Aselepius 21-29; Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth; The Prayer of Thanksgiving Hermitage, 1224-1225 Eastern desert, 1649-1650 Gharbiyyah Province, 1652 of Isna, 1660 Jabal Tafnis, 1316-13 17 Kellia grouping, 1398-1400 Kom Namrud, 1418 Hermitage Museum. See State Hermitage Museum, Leningrad Hermitages, Theban, 1225, 1656 Hermit dress. See Costume of the religious Hermits Abraham and George of Scetis, Saints, 12-13 Abraham of Minuf, Saint, 13 Agathon, Saint, 3 Ammonius of Tunah, 114 anachoresis, 118-120 and anchorite monasticism, 129-130, 1662 al-‘Araj tombs, 189-190 Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240-241 at burning bush site, 1682 cells and chambers, 1403 Daniel, 691-692 and Dayr Abu Daraj, 1649, 697 and Dayr Abu Fanah, 698 and Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701, 703 and Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 728, 1649 and Dayr Anba Bula, 1649 and Dayr Anba Maqar, 749, 754 and Dayr al-Bakhit, 786 and Dayr Epiphanius, 800, 801, 802 and Dayr al-Jabrawi, 811 and Dayr Mar Mina (Gharbiyyah), 833 and Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 826 and Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 850 and Dayr Rifah, 855-856 and Dayr al-Sanad, as center for, 860 and Dayr al-Saqiyah as center for, 861 and Dayr Yuhannis, 883 Didymus the Blind, 900 and early British Christian converts, 417-418 income-producing work, 802 Isaiah of Scetis, 1305-1306 Ishaq, 772 and Jabal al-Silsilah region, 1656-1657 in Jabal Tafnis region, 314, 1316-1317 John Sabas, 1369 and Kharjah (great oasis), 1658 laura, 1428 lodgings, 477-478; see also Caves; Cell; Hermitage; Laura Macarius the Egyptian, 1491 at Meir, 1582-1583 monks as, 1667 Moses, 691-692 Murqus al-Antuni, 1699 Nubian, 1818 Palaemon, Saint, 1876 Palamon, 1876 Paphnutius, Saint, 1882-1883 Patasius, 1908 Paul of Tamma, Saint, 1923-1925 Paul of Thebes, 1925-1926 Phis, 1963 in Qalamun, 758 at quarries of Shaykh Hasan, 1654 Qurnat Mar‘i, 2040-2041 Rufinus history of Coptic, 2068 seven ascetics of Tunah, 2122 in Suhaj area, 76 1-762 Timotheus, Saint, 2262-2263 women as, 1663 see also Anchorite; Caves; Cell; Reclusion Hermolaus, 1882 Hermonthis. See Armant Hermopolis Magna. See Ashmunayn, al- Hermopolis Mikra (the Lower). See Damanhur Hermopolis Parva. See Damanhur Herod, King, 533, 1117, 1395 Herodotus, 1165, 1166, 1174, 1686 Herpaese and Julianus, Saints, 1225-1226 Hesychia, 1662 Hesychian Bible, 1226 Hesychius (monk of Saint Sabas), 2046 Hesychius, Bishop, 1226 and Egyptian Bible text, 382, 1226 Hesychius of Alexandria, 1226-1227 Heuser, Gustav, 1227, 2022 Hexameron (Pseudo-Epiphanius of Cyprus), collection of, 1782 Hexapla and Tetrapla (Origen), 1227-1228, 1848, 1852, 1853 Hibat-Allah ‘Abd-Allah ibn Sa‘id al-Dawlah al-Qibti, 1228 Hibat-Allah ibn ‘Assal, Al-. See Awlad al-‘Assal Hickmann, Hans, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1739, 1740, 1741-1742, 1743 Hides and skins preservation of, 280 see also Leatherwork, Coptic Hieracas of Leontopolis, 1228-1229 and authorship of Testimony of Truth, 2210 possible Coptic texts of, 1451 Hierakion, camp of. See Dayr al-Jabrawi Hierarchy, church, 1229-1230, 2015-2016 see also specific titles Hieroglyphs Coptic language used to decipher, 614 see also Rosetta Stone High Council. See Consultative Council Higher Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, 1993 Higher Institute of Coptic Studies (Cairo), 563, 933, 1230, 1629-1630, 2091 and the Clerical College, 564 music department, 1737 and Yassa ‘Abd al-Masih, 2353 Hijab. See Iconostasis Hijabs (amulets), Nubian, 1814 Hijazah Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Qus) near, 711, 1657 pilgrimages to, 1972 Hilaria (martyr), 1552, 1555 Hilaria, Saint, 749, 1230-1231, 2084 Hilarion (eunuch). See Hilaria, Saint Hilarion, Saint (fourth-century monk), 1232, 1664, 2084 Hilarius, Pope, 1441 Hilary, Bishop of Arles, 1440, 1921 Hilwan, 708, 1232-1235, 1233, 1234, 1303 Hinnis, Abu. See Dayr Abu Hinnis Hintze, F., 1893 Hippolytus (Roman presbyter), 1235-1236, 1637 on baptism, 182 on Nativity, 1102 and Origen, 470-471 patristic writings, 1921 see also Apostolic Tradition; Canons of Hippolytus Hippolytus (Sethian), 1902 Hisab-dobia. See Accounts and accounting; Bookkeeping Hisbah, 1236-1237 Hishah, Caliph, 87 Hisn, 1237 Historia Augusta, 1961 Historia ecelesiastica (Eusebius), 8, 84, 911, 1070-1071, 1323, 1455, 1530, 1920 Sozomen continuation of, 2145 Theodoret continuation of, 2236 see also Eusebius of Caesarea Historia ecciesiastica (Rufinus translation), 2068 Historia lausiaca (Palladius), 3, 88, 894, 1238, 1876, 1877, 1878 on Antinoopolis, 144 on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 on monasteries for women, 1663 on Paul the Simple, 1923 Historia monachorum in Aegypto, 330, 894, 1237-1238 on Ammonas, Saint, 113 on Ammonius, 114 on anchorites at Achoris, 2261 and Bawit and, 362 on Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 hegumenos title in, 1215 and Isaac, Disciple of Apollo, 1304 on John of Lycopolis, 809, 1238, 1363, 1364 on Macarius Alexandrinus, 1490 on Paphnutius, 1884 on Paul the Simple, 1923 on proliferation of monks, 1662 Rufinus and, 2069 Historians Abrim al-Qibti, Anba, 14 Abu al-Fakhr al-Masihi, 19 Abu al-Makarim, 23 Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib, 33 Chronicon orientale, 548 Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071 History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241 Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id, 1265-1266 Isidhurus, 1307 Josephus Flavius, 1375-1376 al-Makin, ibn al-‘Amid, 1513 Manassa Yuhanna, 1518 al-Maqrizi, Taqiy al-Din, 1525 Mawhub ibn Mansur ibn Mufarrij al-Iskandarani, 1573-1574 Mikha’il Sharubim, 1630, 1631 Neale, John Mason, 1784-1785 Neander, Johann August Wilhelm, 1784-1785 Olympiodorus of Thebes, 1840 Palladius, 1876-1877 papyrology, 1888-1889 Philostorgius, 1958-1959 Procopius, 2019-2020 Puech, Henri-Charles, 2032-2033 Remondon, Roger, 2057 Rufinus, 2068-2069 Socrates, 2142 Sozomen, 2145 al-Suqa‘i Fadl Allah ibn Fakhr, 2160 Theodoret, 2236 theological literature, 1920-1921 Ya‘qub Nakhlah Rufaylah, 2353 Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364-2365 Historiography. See Art, historiography of Coptic History of Churches and Monasteries. See Abu al-Makarim History of the Church (Sozomen), 666, 1455, 2145 History of the Coptic Nation, 1466 History of the Coptic Patriarchs. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria History of the Holy Eastern Church (Neale), 1784 History of Joseph the Carpenter, 1136, 1372-1373 Coptic version, 1372-1373 The History of the Copts under the Domination of the Turk and Abyssinian Emperors (Yusuf Abu Daqn), 2364 History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1238-1241, 2101 on Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, 10, 11 on Anastasius, 125, 126 on Andronicus, 131 on Asyut, 296-297 on Athanasius II, 302 on Athanasius III, 303 authorship, 1239-1241, 1460, 1461, 1573-1574 and Bagham Ibn Baqurah al-Sawwaf, 329 and Barbish, 349 and Bashmur, 349 and Benjamin II, 377-378 on bishops from al-Farama, 1089 on Bucalis, 134 and Burah, 425 and Bush, 427 on censer and incense use, 1471 and churches at Babylon, 323 on the Crusades, 664-665 on Damallu, 686 Damian discourse on the Logos in, 689 Damru mention, 689, 690 on Dan’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1002 Daqahlah mention, 693 on Dayr Anba Shinudah, 762, 764 on Dayr Apa Anub, 770 on Dayr al-‘Asal, 782 on Dayr al-Fakhuri, 802 on Dayr Mart Maryam, 835 on Dayr al-Muharraq, 840 on Dayr Nahya, 843 on Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 on Demetrius I, 892 and Dionysius the Great, 909, 911 on Dioscorus I, 915 on Enaton monasteries, 956 on Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint, 965-966 on Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1002-1003 on flight into Egypt, 842 on Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006 on Giyorgis II, Ethiopian prelate, 1008-1009 on Hilwan, 1232 on icons, 1278 on Idku, 1280 on Isaac the Deacon, 1304 on John I, 1337 on John III, 808 on John IV, 1338 on John V, 1340 on John IX, 1344 on John X, 1344 on John XI, 1344 on John XII, 1346 on John XIV, 1347 on John XVII, 1349 on John XVIII, 1350 on John of Nikiou, Bishop, 1366-1367 on Julian the Apostate, 1382 on the Kellia, 1397-1398 on Macarius II, 1487, 1488 on Marwan II, 695-696 on Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1006-1007 on Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007- 1008 on miracles, 707 on monasteries, 698 in National Library (Paris), 1781 on Origen, 1851 on patrology, 1921 on persecutions under Mamluks, 1343 on Peter VII, 1950 and Qurrah, 358-359 on relics of John the Baptist, 1355 on Sawiros, Ethiopian prelate, 1005-1006 on Scetis monasteries, 782 on Tall Atrib, 2200 on Tamnuh, 2201 and Tanbida, 2201 on Theodorus, Patriarch, 2237 on Theophanes, Patriarch, 2247 on Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001 and Yuhanna, 2356 History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria Hiw, 1242-1243 Dayr Mar Mina, 833-834 and toponymy, Coptic, 2272 Hizb al-Ahrar al-Dusturiyyin. See Liberal Constitutional Party Hizb al-Dimuqrati al-Misri, al. See Egyptian Democratic Party Hizb al-Hay’ah al-Sa‘Diyyah. See Sa‘dist Party Hizb al-Islah ‘Ala al-Mabadi’ al-Dustruriyyah. See Reform Party on Constitutional Principles Hizb al-Ittihad. See Union Party Hizb al-Misri, al-. See Egyptian Party Hizb al-Sha‘b. See People’s Party Hizb al-Ummah. See Nation’s party Hizb al-Watani. See Nationalist Party Hiziqyal. See Ezekiel (Hiziqyal) (monk) The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. See Gospel of the Egyptians The Holy City, on Dayr al-Sultan, 872 Holy Communion. See Communion; Eucharist Holy Cross Day, 1243-1244 Holy Ghost. See Holy Spirit Holy Horseman, as Christian subject in Coptic art, 538 Holy Land custody of, 1122 pilgrims’ assistance agency, 2049 Saladin’s reconquest of, 1536 see also Crusades, Copts and the: Jerusalem, Coptic See of; Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine; Palestine Holy Land, Coptic churches in the, 1244-1247 see also Jerusalem, Coptic See of Holy Light. See Apparition of the Holy Light Holy Matrimony. See Marriage Holy Mother. See Theotokos; Virgin Mary; Virgin Mary, Apparition of the Holy Myron. See Chrism Holy Oil. See Chrism Holy Roman Emperors, 1572 Holy Saturday, 1247-1249 Holy Sepulcher and Coptic Good Friday celebration, 1153 reopened for pilgrimages (1426), 1130 Holy Spirit, 1437, 1446, 2028 Arianism on, 230 confirmation to receive, 585-586 descent on the disciples, 1105-1106, 1529 epiclesis, 964, 1566-1567 filioque controversy, 1112-1116 gnosticism on, 2256 and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433 theological homilies on, 1183, 1184 Holy Spirit, Coptic doctrine of the, 1249-1250 Holy Synod. See Synod, Holy Holy Thursday. See Maundy Thursday Holy Trinity. See Trinitarianism; Trinity Holy Week, 1095, 1102, 1103-1104, 1251-1252, 1904 fasting, 1152 footwashing, 1107-1108, 1426-1427 and genuflection, 1139 Kiss of Peace prohibition during, 1416 lectern placement, 1435 lectionary for, 1437 Lord’s Prayer during, 1481 music for, 1715, 1721 patriarchal residence, 1912 use of ambo during, 111 see also Easter; Good Friday; Holy Saturday; Maundy Thursday; Palm Sunday; Resurrection Homer, 1889 Homiletic cycles, 666-668 Homilies of Amphilochius of Iconium, 115-116 of Andrew of Crete, 130-131 of Demetrius of Antioch, 894 on flight into Egypt, 669-670 Gnostic Christian, 898 of Gregory of Nazianzus, 1183, 1184 Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 of Jacob of Saruj, 1319, 1781, 1738 of John Chrysostom, 352, 1135, 1778, 1779, 2053, 2054 manuscripts in National Library, Paris, 1778 of Origen, 1847, 1852-1853 of Peter I, 1945-1946 of Proclus, 1356, 1454, 2017-2018 Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria, 681, 2025-2026 Pseudo-Macarius, 2027-2028 al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal works on, 276 on Saint Luke’s Gospel (Origen), 1847 of Severian of Jabalah, 2122-2123 of Theophilus, Patriarch, 2252 see also Cycle; Encomia; Literature, Coptic; Manuscripts Homoeans, 1252-1253, 2119 Homoiousion, 84, 127, 141, 1253, 1677, 2096 adopted by semi-Arians, 2119 Homoousion, 84, 127, 141, 1070, 1253-1254, 1575, 1677 Athanasius I and, 298 and Constantine I and, 590 Marcellus support, 1526 Nicaea, Council of, on, 590, 1791 in Nicene Creed, 1792, 1793 Origen on, 1849 Honorius, Emperor, 789-790, 891 Honorius I, Pope (Rome), 1666, 1667, 1679 Hopfner, T., 1891 Hop of Tukh, Apa and Saint, 1254, 2084 Hor, 1254 Hor, Apa (martyr), 722, 1553, 1555, 1974, 1975 Hor, Apa and Saint, 1255, 2084 Hor of Abrahat, Saint, 771, 1255, 1963, 2084 Horapollon, 1255-1256 and Asclepiades, 283 and Chairemon of Alexandria, 512 and Hellenization, 1168 Heraiscus relationship, 1221-1222 Horizontal loom, 2215 Hormisdas, Pope (Rome), and Acacian schism, 45, 46, 47, 1383 Homer, George W., 1257 Horologion. See Canonical hours, Book of Horseman depicted in Coptic embroidery, 2223 depicted on ornamental comb, 2337 Parthian, depiction in Coptic art, 538, 1259 terra-cotta, 503 woodwork, 2340 Horseshoe arch, 211 Horsiesios, Saint, 32, 1257, 1448, 1664, 1861, 1862, 1864, 2084 Coptic texts of, 1451-1452 as desert father, 894 and Pachomius, 1257, 2240 papyrus collection of letters, 1894 and Pbow, 1927 and Petronius, 1952, 2240 and Pisentius of Hermonthis, 1978 and Theodorus of Alexandria as interpreter, 2238 and Theodorus of Tabennese, 2240 Horus (pagan deity), 134, 243, 244, 281, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1590, 1752 depicted in Coptic art, 1259, 1761-1762 and iconography of George, Saint, 248-249 iconography of, 248-249, 249 linked with Damanhur (town), 686 temples built to, 262 Hosanna, 1258 Hosius, Bishop of Cordova, 83, 84 Hos (song of praise), 63, 1725-1726, 1725, 1727, 1729, 1732, 2255, 2321 Hulwan, 1653 Humbert of Silva Candida, 1113 Hunayn, Ibrahim, 1466 Hunayn ibn Ishaq, 1922 Hungary, Coptic collections, 1710 Hunting in Coptic art, 1258-1259 Huntington, Robert, 791, 1260, 1977 Husayn, Taha, 1995, 1996 Husein Kamil, Sultan, 1694 Hussein, King of Jordan, 873, 874 Hydraulis (water organ), 1740 Hymn of Golgotha, 1152 “The Hymn of the Angels” (Great Doxology), 923 Hymns Arian, 1733 canonical hours, 1724 cantors and, 137-138 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909, 1910 Difnar, 1728 doxologies, 923, 1727-1728 influences on Coptic, 1731-1732 instruments accompanying, 1739 lobsh, 1479 Mass of the Faithful, 1565-1566 Psalis, 1726, 1727, 1728 Psalmodia, 448, 1725, 2024 Theotokion, 1724, 1726, 1727, 2254-2255 Trisagion, 2278 the Twelve Virtues, 2310 unpublished manuscripts, 1986 Waham, 2323 Hymns, authors of. See Music, Coptic Hymn of the Savior (Clement of Alexandria), 1732 Hypatia (philosopher), 100, 1308, 1870, 2192 Hypostasis, 1106, 1260, 1575 and hypostatic union, 1262 and Incarnation, 1287 Nicene Creed definition of, 300 Origen on, 1848 Hypostasis of the Archons, 1261 and On the Origin of the World, 1842- 1844 Hypostatic union, 1262 Hypotyposeis (Theognostus), 911 Hypsiphrone, 1262 Hyvernat, Henri Eugène Xavier Louis, 1263, 1448 I_______________________ IAC. See International Association for Coptic Studies Iamblichus, 1265 Iao Sabaoth Adonial Elio, 1503 Ibas (Antiochene teologians), 1672 Ibas of Edessa, 515 Ibn Abi Usaybi‘ah, 1525 Ibn Abu al-Fada’il ibn Farij, 710 Ibn al-‘Amid. See Makin, ibn al ‘Amid al- Ibn al-‘Assal. See Safi ibn al-‘Assal, al- Ibn al-Batriq, ‘Isa. See Ibn al-Bitriq, ‘Isa Ibn al-Batriq, Sa‘id. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id Ibn al-Bishr al-Katib. See Mufaddal ibn Majid ibn al-Bishr, al- Ibn al-Bitriq, ‘Isa, 1265, 1266 Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id (Eutychius), 1265-1266, 1460 and Book of Epact, 410 on Church of Saint Michael, 1617 and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595 on Nubian evangelization, 1801-1802 on patriarchal election, 1911 on patriarchal seat, 1912 Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘ and, 2101 Ibn al-Dahiri, Bishop of Damietta, 1266 Ibn al-Habhab, Viceroy, 87 Ibn al-Hamid, 711 Ibn Hawqal, 1266, 1271 on ‘Alwa, 110 and Babij, 317 and Bashmur, 349 and Beja tribes, 373 on medieval Nubia, 1804 Ibn al-‘Ibri. See Bar Hebraeus Ibn Kabar, 20, 21, 1267-1268, 1272, 1273 on Agathon of Homs, 67-68 and Barlam and Yuwasaf, 346 and Butrus Sawirus al-Jamil, 431 on canon law, 450 on Canons of Epiphanius, 456-457 on Canons of Hippolytus, 458 on Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 460 on the Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 on Dayr Mar Jirjis, 831 on Dayr Shahran, 862 on feasts of the Virgin Mary, 2256 on Gregory of Nyssa, 457 on ingredients of holy chrism, 521-522 and Jirjis ibn al-Qass Abi al-Mufaddal, 1332 and mysticism, 908-909 on Pseudo-Macarius homilies, 2028 and tafsir, 2198 works of, 1463-1464 on Yuhanna ibn Sawirus, 2357 and Yusab, Bishop (thirteenth century), 2359 See also Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar) Ibn Katib Qaysar, 1266, 1268 commentary on Revelation in Paris, 1777 Ibn Khalduin, on Makouria, 1514-1515 Ibn Laqlaq. See Cyril III ibn Laqlaq Ibn Mammati, works by, 1461- 1461 Ibn Mammati dynasty, 1268-1269 Ibn Nafra, Bishop, consecrated at Dayr al-Sham‘, 863 Ibn Nuh. See ‘Abd al-Masih, known as Ibn Nuh Ibn Qanna (monk), 1097 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, 1269-1270 Ibn al-Rahib, 1513 Ibn Raja’, 1959-1960 Ibn Sabba’, collected encyclopedias of, 1779 Ibn al-Sa’igh (“son of the goldsmith”), 1270-1271 Ibn Salim al-Aswani, 344, 1266, 1271-1272 on ‘Alwa, 110 and Batn al-Hajar, 361-362 and Beja tribes, 373 on Greek language use by Nubian clergy, 1813 and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 on Makouria, 921-922, 1514 on medieval Nubia, 1804 on Menarti, 1587-1588 on Nobatia, 1798 on Nubian languages and literature, 1815 on Soba, 2141 Ibn Siba‘, Yuhanna ibn Abi Zakariyya, 1272, 1464 Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, 1269 Ibn Tulun, Ahmad, Caliph, 1412-1413, 2280-2281 Ibn Tulun, Khumarawayh, 1413 Ibrahim (son of Prophet Muhammad), 1528 Ibrahim, Jindi, 1465, 2010 Ibrahim Bey, 1274, 1411, 1688 Ibrahim ibn ‘Awn, the Nestorian, 1273, 1779 Ibrahim ibn ‘Isa, 1273 Ibrahim ibn Sim‘an, 1515 Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273 Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1274, 1313, 1688 building start, 1538-1539 and Dayr Anba Antuniyus renovation, 720 and Dayr Anba Maqar reconstruction, 753, 1121 and Harit Zuwaylah chapel, 1208 and Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1332 and the Mamluks, 1857 Ibrahim al-Kurdi, 1536 Ibrahim al-Nasikh (icon painter), 1278, 1279 Ibrahim Pasha, 1141, 1248, 1950 Ibrahim al-Suryani (alias Abram), 1134 Ibrahim al-Tukhi. See John XVI Ibrim. See Qasr Ibrim Ibscher, Hugo, 1274-1275 Ibtu, 1275 Ibyar, 833 Iconoclasm, 1275-1276, 1277 Astasi al-Rumi icon production during controversy, 293 Cyril IV, Patriarch, and, 1278 role of Ethiopia, 984-985 Iconography of Astasi al-Rumi (Eustathius the Greek), 293-294 and dating of artifacts, 694 figurines, 500-502 and hunting theme in Coptic art, 1259 of Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1532 metalwork, 1606-1607 of resist-dyed textiles, 2227-2230, 2228-2230 under Mark III patriarchy, 1536 of woven textiles, 2221-2227, 2222-2227 see also Art and architecture, Coptic; Biblical subjects in Coptic art; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Christ, Triumph of; Icons; Mythological subjects in Coptic art; Symbols in Coptic art Iconography, Greco-Roman. See Art survivals from ancient Egypt Iconostasis, 211-212 at Bawit, 364-366 and candelabrum, 1469 of Church of Saints Sergius and Wachas (Alexandria), 94 Icons, Coptic, 1276-1279, 1277-1279 at Bawit, 368-371 at Dayr Anba Bula, 743-744 and Good Friday service, 1152 Iconoclastic controversy, 1275-1276 of Menas, Saint, 1588-1589 of Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint, 1593-1594 of Virgin Mary, 2309 see also Figurines Ideler, Julius Ludwig, 1280 Idfa, 762, 1280 Idfu monasteries near, 825, 1657 monastery libraries, 1449 Panine and Paneu martyrdom near, 1880 pharaonic-style temples at, 196, 1865 tombstone material, 1295 Idiolect. See Appendix Idiophones, 1739-1740, 1739, 1740 Idku, 1280-1281 Ignatius of Antioch, Saint and Bishop, 1281-1282, 1555, 1980 as apostolic father, 180 on Communicatio idiomatum, 578 on consubstantiation, 597 on the Eucharist, 1057 on feasts, 1101 on Incarnation, 1287 on the offertory, 1824 and origin of antiphonal chanting, 148 patristic writings, 1920 and Polycarp, 1997 on priesthood, 2016 Ignatius IX, Patriarch of the Syrians, 1131 Ihnasiyyah al-Madinah. See Ahnas Ikhnaway al-Zallaqah, 1652 Ikhshids. See Tulunids and Ikhshids, Copts under the Iliad (Homer), 1889 Illness. See Communion of the sick; Healings in Coptic literature; Medicine; Unction of the sick Illumination, Coptic, 267-268, 277-278, 1282-1284, 1282-1284 Abu al-Muna manuscripts, 29 Adoration of the Magi depiction, 527 baptism of Jesus depiction, 530 influence on Irish manuscripts, 252-253 see also Christian subjects in Coptic art Ilyas Buqtur, 1284-1285 Images, religious. See Icons, Coptic; Iconoclasm Imhotep (pagan deity), 1874 Immaculate Conception, 1285 Immersion, 1285-1286 Imperial cult. See Persecutions Imperial Library of Vienna (Austria), 2049 ‘Inan, Muhammad ‘Abdallah, 1996 ‘Inani, ‘Ali al-, 1996 Incarnation, 6, 1287-1290 Damian on, 689 and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136 Origen on, 1849-1850 Proclus homily on, 2017 al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal on, 2077, 2078 Incense, 1290, 1469-1472, 2013 censers, 1599, 1599-1601, 1600 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909 and Holy Saturday, 1249 and Lord’s Prayer, 1481 music for offerings of, 1715-1729, 1739 for spells, 1500, 1504, 1507 Incense box, 1474 Incident of the Churches. See Waq‘at al-Kana’is India, Coptic missionaries in, 892, 1635-1636, 1881 Infant baptism. See Baptism Inheritance. See Wills and inheritance In Honor of Longinus (Basil of Oxyrhynchus), 360 In Isaiam I (Demetrius of Antioch), 894 Innocent I, Pope (Rome), 1930, 2247 Innocent III, Pope (Rome), 1635 Innocentius of Maronia, 1674 Insanity. See Madness Inscriptions, 257, 1290-1296 at al-Bagawat, 328-329 on Gospel caskets, 1153 gravestone formulas, 1294-1295 in Greek language, 1171, 1290 icon, 1279 of the Kellia, 1407-1408 Nubian medieval, 1814-1815 of Roman visitors to Egypt, 2066 at al-Shaykh Hasan, 2129 see also Graffiti Installatio of the Archangel Gabriel, 1136 Installatio Michaelis Archangeli, 1136 Institut catholique, 925 Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, Claremont, California, and the Nag Hammadi Codices, 1771 Institute of Christian Oriental Research, Washington, D.C., 1896 Institute of Coptic Studies, at Anba Ruways Monastery, 129 Institute for Papyrology, Heidelberg, Germany, 1893 Institute of Religious and Ecclesiastical Art, Utrecht, 1620 Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire, 843, 924, 927, 1398, 1419, 1452, 1516, 1561 Coptic-language printing press, 1302 papyrus collection, 1892 Sauneron, Serge, 2100 Instruments, liturgical, 1595-1596 Instruments, medical, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1605 Instruments, musical, 1604-1605, 1605, 1733, 1734, 1738-1739 Intaglios, 1509 Intercession for the dormant, 889 icon formula of, 1279 tubh for litany of, 2279 and use of candles, 446 Interdict, 1299, 1931 ancient correspondence on, 401 and audientia episcopalis, 308 Interlacing motifs (art), 251-253 International Association for Coptic Studies (IAC), 1299-1300, 1890 International Congresses of Coptic Studies, 1300-1301 Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 Intersected cross, 252 Invocation of the Holy Spirit. See Epiclesis Ioulei, Apa, 824 loule and Pteleme (martyrs), 1555 lovia (Egyptian province), 905 Iqamat al-Hujjah al-Bahirah ‘ala Hadm Kana’is Misr wa-al- Qahirah (“Presentation of the Clear Proof for the Necessary Destruction of the Churches of Old and New Cairo”), 687 ‘Iqd al-Madhbah. See Architectural elements of churches Iqladiyus Labib, 1302 and printing of Bohairic-Coptic Bible, 564 Ira’i. See Ter and Erai, Saints Iraq, Coptic churches in, 1621 Ireland art, Coptic influence on, 251-254, 418-419 Coptic influence in, 416-419 Coptic monks in, 253-254 Irish harp, 1734, 1740 monasticism, 253, 417-418 papyrus collection, 1894 saints, 418 Irenaeus, 917, 2157 on the Carpocratian sect, 460-461 on genuflection, 1139 on the Gospels, 1158, 1159, 1164 on Nativity, 1102 patristic writings, 1921 on Polycarp, 1997 Irenaeus of Scetis, Saint, 2084 Irene. See Eirene (martyr) Irene, Empress, 1275 Irish art, 251-254, 418-419 Irish harp, 1734, 1740 Irrigation aqueducts, Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 709 ‘Iryan Jirjis Muftah, 1302-1303, 1737, 1962 Isaac (hermit), 772 Isaac (Old Testament) depiction in Coptic art, 382-383, 726, 727, 778-779, 793 Isaac, Coptic Testament of. See Coptic Testament of Isaac Isaac, disciple of Apollo, 1304 Isaac, Patriarch, 12, 427, 1303, 2084 Coptic texts on, 1456 dates of patriarchy, 1915 and Dayr Matra, 837 disciples of, 13 and Hilwan, 1233 and John of Nikiou, 1366 Isaac, Saint (Kellia), 1304, 1397, 2084 Isaac of al-Aqlali. See Isaac, Saint (Kellia) Isaac the Deacon, 1304 Isaac al-Difrawi (martyr), 806 Isaac of Hurin, Saint, 1972, 2084 Isaac of Panopolis (painter), 804 Isaac the Presbyter, Saint, 2084 Isaac of al-Qalali. See Isaac, Saint Isaac of Qalamun, 1304, 1455 Isaac of Scetis, Saint, 2084 Isaac of Shamma (martyr), 1555 Isaac of Tiphre, Saint, 1304-1305, 1555 Isaiah, 22 Ascension of, 166 Isaiah the Hermit. See Isaiah of Scetis, Saint Isaiah of Scetis, Saint (Isaiah the Hermit), 795, 1304, 1305-1306, 2084 Isaiah the Solitary. See Isaiah of Scetis, Saint ‘Isa ibn Nasturus, 1097 ‘Isa ibn Zur‘ah, collected works of, 1779 Ischurion (soldier-martyr), 1964 Ischyras, Bishop, 1527 Ishaq, Adib, 1994, 1995 Ishaq, Apa. See Isaac (hermit) Ishaq al-Hurini, Saint. See Isaac of Hurin, Saint Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Nastas, 1306 as grandson of Nastas ibn Jurayj, 1775-1776 wine prescription, 1524-1525 Ishaq al-Mu’taman ibn al-‘Assal, on Coptic liturgical music, 1735 Ishkirun, Saint, relic of, 758-759 Ishnin al-Nasara, 1653, 1972 Ishshid Muhammad ibn Tughj, and Epiphany celebration, 1103 Isidhurus, Bishop and Abbot, 1307 Isidhurus (monk), 1120 Isidore of Takinash, 1089 Isidorus, Saint (Isidore of Antioch), 1307, 1555 Isidorus and Bandilaus (martyrs), 1555 Isidorus the Confessor, 686, 817 Isidorus of Hermopolis, Saint, 2084 Isidorus of Pelusium, Saint, 1089, 1308-1310, 2084 and archimandrite title, 193 on Isidorus of Scetis, Saint, 1310 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2249-2250 Isidorus of Scetis, Saint, 114, 1310, 1427, 2084 Isidorus of Takinash (martyr), 1555 Isis (pagan deity), 134, 243, 244, 281, 863, 1292, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1752, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1870, 1874 Abusir Bana and, 36 cult and temple at Philae, 265, 1954 destruction of shrine to, 1608, 1609 iconography of, 259, 531 Nubian worship of, 1801 nursing Horus. See Isis lactans Isis lactans, 243, 244, 281, 531 Iskandar, Najib, 1993 Iskandariyyah, al-, 90, 92 Iskarus, Tawfiq, 1466 Iskhiron, Saint, 1972 Iskhirun, Abu, 735 Islam Abraam I, Saint, relations with, 10 Ahl al-Dhimmah designation, 72-73 bans on Coptic pilgrimages, 1538 Christian apologetic literature in reaction to, 5 and Christian encounters under Mamluks, 2317 consort of Prophet Muhammad, 1528 Copt conversions under Kha’il I, 1411 Coptic conversions during Peter V patriarchy, 1949 Coptic conversions under Umayyad administration, 2288-2289 Coptic historical work, 1525 and Coptic monuments, 693-694 and Coptic press, 2010-2012 and Egyptian nationalist movement, 1987-1988, 1989 and Egyptian national unity, 950-951 and Egyptian religious reform movement, 1995-1996 and Epiphany celebration, 1103 Ethiopian prelate conversion to, 1028-1030 expansion in Egypt, 936-941 Fatimid-Coptic relations, 1097- 1099 French relationships, 1417, 1591 hisbah concept, 1236-1237 influences on Coptic art, 1310-1312 Jirji al-Sim‘ani debate with, 1331-1332 and jizyah tax, 1336 and kharaj tax, 1413-1414 law commentary, 1269-1270 martyrs recanting from, 1570 Nubian conversion to, 1802-1804 opposition to images of living things, 1276 and pagarch office, 1871 persecution of Copts (thirteenth-century), 1267, 1268, 1343 persecution of Copts (fourteenth-century), 750, 1343-1344, 1949, 2313-2316 persecution of Copts (15th-century), 1129, 1130 and personal status laws, 1941-1943 Qus settlements, 2044 scholarship, 687, 1695-1696 societal influence on Coptic family, 1087 Waq‘at al-Kana’is (Incident of the Churches), 2313-2316 Waq‘at al-Nasara (Christian encounter), 2316-2319 see also Pan-Islamism; Umayyads, Copts under the Islamic Benevolent Society, 1993 Islamic influences on Coptic art, 1310-1312 Islamic law, 951, 1269-1270 Islam and the Principles of Government (al-Raziq), 1996 Island of Michael, 1588 Island of Philae. See Philae Isma‘il, Khedive, 1637, 1693 see also Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty Isma‘iliyyah Coptic Catholic church, 1123 Franciscan church, 1123 Isna, 1312 ceramics of, 480, 487, 489 church dedicated to Gabriel, Archangel, 1137 hermit cells at, 477 inscriptions found at, 764, 1291, 1293 martyrs at, 866, 868, 870 monasteries near, 772, 856, 866-870, 1656, 1657 monastic paintings at, 1660 mural paintings at, 1872, 1873 pharaonic-style temples at, 1865 pilgrimages to, 1972 stelae from, 2149, 2151 tombstone material and shape, 1295 Israel, State of Coptic collections, 1710 and status of Dayr al-Sultan, 874 see also Holy land; Jerusalem, Coptic See of Issac of Nineveh, collected works of, 1778, 1779 Istifham Ba‘d al-Istibham, al-, 1312- 1313 Italy Coptic collections, 1710-1711 intervention in Ethiopia, 1041-1044, 1198 papyrus collections, 1894-1895 see also Rome Itfih, 1313 mosque-building, 685 prosopography of, 2022 Ivory and bone carving, Coptic, 405-407, 406, 407 Iyyasus Mo’a, Ethiopian saint, 1048-1049 ‘Izbat al-Aqbat, 808 ‘Izbat Dayr al-Hadid, 805 ‘Izbawiyyah, pilgrimages to, 1972 J_______________________ Jabal Abu Dukhkhan, 1650 Jabal Abu Fudah, 717, 834, 853 Jabal ‘Adda, 1315, 2037 Dotawo documents, 922-923 Nobatian eparchal residence at, 1798 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1805 Jabal al-Ahmar, al-, 2000 Jabal Bishwaw. See Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah) Jabal Jarad, 1659 Jabal al-Kaff. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut) Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1315-1316 Jabal Musa. See Mount Sinai Jabal Qattar, 1650 Jabal Qusqam. See Pilgrimages Jabal al-Silsilah, 1316, 1656-1657 Jabal Tafnis, hermitages of, 314, 1316- 1317 Jabal al-Tarif (Nag Hammadi), 1317, 1657, 1771 Jabal al-Tayr (Khargah), 1317, 1658 Astasi al-Rumi icons at, 293-294 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ near, 715, 715 pilgrimages to, 1969 Jabal al-Tayr (Samalut). See Pilgrimages Jablonski, Paul Ernst, 1318, 1424, 2107 Jacob (Old Testament), 845, 1137, 1186, 1618 see also Testament of Jacob Jacob, Saint and Patriarch, 1318, 2084 dates of patriarchy, 1916 and Simon II, 2139 Yuhanna as biographer, 2356 Jacob, Bishop of Memphis, 1587 Jacob Baradaeus, 1318-1319 consecration by Theodosius I, 1675, 2241 and Damian, 589, 688 death site, 1650 and monophysitism in Syrian and Mesopotamian chuches, 1675, 1676 and Paul the Black, 1923 and Theodora, Empress, 1319, 1386, 1675, 2235 Jacobites conflict with Melchites in Alexandria, 93-94 al-Istifham ba‘d al-Istibham addressed to, 1312 see also Jacob Baradaeus; Monophysitism; Syrian Orthodox church Jacob of Saruj, 1319-1320, 1727, 1781, 1783 Jacob the Sawn. See James Intercisus Jacob the Soldier. See James of Amadjudj (martyr) Jadal bayn al-Mukhalif-waal-Nasrani, al- (Eutychius), 1460 Jaffa. See Holy Land Jahshiyari, Abu ‘Abd Allah, al-, 1320 Jakob, Apa (Dayr Apa Phoibammon), 780-781 Jama. See Memnonia Jamal al-Din (Mamluk amir), 1570 James, Apostle and Saint Apocryphon of, 169-170, 569 apostolic see, 181 and Gloria in excelsis, 1147 and the Transfiguration, 1108-1109 see also Apocalypse of James, First and Second James, Saint (James the Ascetic), 1320-1321, 2084 James of Amadjudj (martyr), 1555 James of Antioch, Saint, 2084 James Bar ‘Adai. See Jacob Baradaeus James Intercisus, Saint (martyr), 324, 1321, 1556 James (Jacob) and John (martyrs), 1555 James the Persian. See James Intercisus, Saint (martyr) James of Saruj. See Jacob of Saruj James of Scetis, Saint, 1321-1322, 2084 Jam‘iyyah Asdiqa‘ al-Kitab al-Muqaddas. See Friends of the Bible, Society of the Jam‘iyyah al-Islah al-Qibti. See Coptic Reform Society Jam‘iyyah al-Khayriyyah (Coptic Benevolent Society), 374, 1693 Jam‘iyyat Asdiqa’ al-Kitab al-Muqaddas, 374-375 Jam‘iyyat al-Ikhlas, 375 Jam‘iyyat al-Nash’ah al-Qibtiyyah, 374 Jam‘iyyat Thamarat al-Tawfiq, 375 Jamma, al-. See Madinat Habu; Memnonia Jamoul (martyr), 1556 Jamu. See Memnonia Japan, Coptic collections in, 1711 Jared, Ethiopian saint, 1047 Jaridah, al- (publication), 1994 Jarnus, al-, 1653 Jars and jugs ceramic, 490-492 metalwork, 1602-1603 water, 2320 Jason (mythological subject), depicted in Coptic art, 1762-1763 Jawhar, General, 1097, 1099, 1271 Jawharah al-Nafisah fi ‘Ulum al-Kanisah, al- (Ibn Siba‘), 1272, 1464 Jawhar al-Siqili (the Sicilian), 1632, 1913 Jawish, Shaykh ‘Abd al-Aziz, 1465, 1988-1989 Jawli, al-. See Dayr al-Jawli Jawsaq. See Keep Jawziyyah School (Damascus), 1269 Jazirat al-Dayr (Island of the Monastery). See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Jeme. See Madinat Habu; Memnonia Jerasimus, Saint (martyr), 1552, 1559 Jeremiah, Apocryphon of, 170-171 Jeremiah, Saint, 22, 166, 1254, 1322-1323, 2084 depicted in Coptic art, 270, 532-533 see also Dayr Apa Jeremiah; Paralipomena Jeremiou Jericho. See Holy Land Jernstedt, Peter Viktorovich, 1323, 1895 Jerome, Saint, 1323, 1921, 2084 on candle use in churches, 445 on celibacy, 476 Dayr Anba Bula founded in memory, 741, 742 and Didymus the Blind, 900 and Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070-1071 and Hilarion, Saint, 1232, 1664 and Horsiesios, Saint, 1257 on John the Baptist burial site, 1355 on Kyrie eleison, 1420 on Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608 on multiple marriages, 1545 and Origen, 47 1-472 and Pamphilus, Saint, 1879 on Paul of Thebes, 1925-1926 on priesthood, 2016 Rufinus Apology and, 2068-2069 Rule of Pachomius translation by, 1662, 1663, 1861-1862, 1863 on Saturday fast, 2098 theological literary history by, 1920 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2250, 2252 Jersey City, New Jersey, 1621 Jerusalem, Coptic See of, 180, 1324-1329, 1613, 1614 and Acacian schism, 45 apostolic succession, 181 barring of Coptic pilgrimages to, 1615 Coptic collections, 1710 Coptic Good Friday celebration, 1153 Dayr al-Sultan, 872-874 founding of monasteries in, 1663 keep construction, 1395 library, 1447 Saladin’s reconquest of, 1536 Sophia, Saint, tradition of, 2143- 1244 see also Eastern Orthodox churches; Holy Land, Coptic churches in the Jesuits and the Coptic church, 1132, 1329-1330 Ethiopian controversies, 986-987, 995-997 influence in Ethiopia, 1021 Jullien, Michel Marie, 1382- 1383 Kircher, Athanasius, 1415 Sicard, Claude, 2136-2137 see also Bollandists Jesus, bath of the infant. See Christian subjects in Coptic art Jesus Christ Advent, 63 Agnus Dei, 70 Ascension, 1105 and asceticism, 1306 and atonement, 306-307 on baptism, 336-337, 1285 baptism of, 967 blessing style, 403-404 Candlemas feast, 1106-1107 on celibacy, 476 and Christian Pasch, 1904 crucifixion, fasts to commemorate, 1096 crucifixion, Qur’anic theory of, 95 and death of Joseph, 1697 depiction in Coptic art, 270; see also subhead paintings of and Eucharist, 1107 fasts, 1095-1096 first miracle, 1107 and fraction rite, 1121 and Gabriel, Archangel, 1136 on guardian angel, 1186 icons of, 368-369, 1276, 1277-1278 Incarnation, 1287-1290 and laying-on of hands, 1432, 1433 Lord’s Prayer, 1480-1481 and magical spells, 1500, 1503 and Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1529 and marriage, 1542, 1544 Melchizedek and, 1583-1584 Nativity, 1102-1103 pagan literature on, 1868 paintings of, 727, 747, 778, 794, 868, 869, 1660, 1875, 2004-2006, 2006 Palm Sunday, 1103-1104 and Paradise, 1900-1901 power of binding and loosing, 1932 and priesthood, 2015 Resurrection, 1104-1105 and Revelation, 61-63 and symbolism of manual cross, 1472 and Thomas, disciple, 1108 Transfiguration, 1108-1109 see also Athanasian Creed; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Christ, nature of; Christology; Flight into Egypt; Good Friday; Gospel headings; Nicene Creed Jewelry, 1605-1607, 1606 Coptic colored glass-inlaid crosses, 1146 Jews and Judaism Abraham, Saint and Patriarch, relations with, 11 as Ahl al-Dhimmah, 72, 655-656; see also subhead Muslim discriminatory measures Alexandrian ascetics, 1661 Alexandrian community, 91, 97, 1175, 1180, 1865, 1866 and Alexandrian gnosticism, 1147, 1148, 1149-1150 Alexandrian rebellion, 97, 1947, 2016 altars, 106 anointing, 137 Antichrist concept and, 143 apologetic directed at, 2357 apologists, 176 atonement concept, 306-307 baptism at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721 Bar Hebraeus, 345-346 and canon of the Scripture, 2109 Coptic music and, 148-149, 1731 and Cyril I, 672 and eschatology, 973 Ethiopian prohibitions against, 991-993 Evodius of Rome homilies against, 1078-1079 Great Synagogue (Tamuh), 717 heaven concept, 1214 Hellenization in Egypt, 1167, 1175 jizyah tax on, 1336 Josephus Flavius, 176, 1375- 1376 magical spells, 1508 Muslim discriminatory measures, 655-656, 939, 1202, 1343, 1348 New Testament explanation addressed to, 1273 Old Testament feasts, 1101 and paganism, 1868 Paraphrase of Shem and, 1902 Pascha (Passover), 1903 Philo of Alexandria, 1956-1957 religious impact in Egypt, 1865-1866 ritual purification ceremonials, 8-9 Roman poll tax and, 2203 Saturday as sabbath, 2098 scriptural proof texts disputes, 1227 and Youth of Egypt membership, 2354 see also Law, Mosaic; Old Testament; Therapeutae Jibril ibn Bukhtishu‘ ibn Jurjis, 1922 Jihad, al- (publication), 1990 Jilbanah, Saint, 700 Jimyanah, Saint. See Dimyanah, Saint Jirja, 1330-1331 monasteries in region of, 825-826, 861-862, 1656, 1657 Jirja and Upper Sa‘id, See of, 1614 Jirjis, Mar. See George, Saint Jirjis Abu al-Fada‘il ibn Lutfallah, 1462 Jirjis al-Muzahim. See George, Saint Jirjis ibn al-‘Amid, 1095 Jirjis ibn al-Qass abi al-Mufaddal, 1270, 1271, 1332 Jirji al-Sim‘ani, 461, 1331-1332 Jirjis al-Jawhari, 1141, 1332-1334, 1417, 1515, 1539, 1688, 1692, 2351 and Ibrahim al-Jawhari, 1274 Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani, 1334-1335 Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335, 1515 Jirjis al-Muzahim, Saint (martyr), 902-903, 1335-1336, 1556 Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372 Jirjis Philuthawus ‘Awad church law compendium, 1942 on Dayr al-Sham‘, 865 Jirjis al-Qibti (George the Copt), 1700 Jizyah (poll tax), 303, 622, 636, 656, 665, 1097, 1336, 2134-2135 abolition of, 1636 on Ahl al-Dhimmah, 72 Alexander II and, 86, 87 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 187, 189 and Baqt Treaty, 343 as factor in Islamization of Egypt, 937, 1411 and Gabriel II’s patriarchy, 1129 and Gabriel V’s patriarchy, 1130 and Gabriel VII’s patriarchy, 1134 and hisbah, 1236-1237 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah commentary, 1269 increases during Theodorus patriarchy, 2237 increases under Badr al-Jamali, 325 in Makouria, 1514 Job, Testament of, 164 Joel, King of Dotawo, 923 Johannes de Turrecremata (Juan de Torquemada), Cardinal, 1119 Johannes Gallicus Marinesis, Cardinal, 1119 Johann Georg, 1336 Johannine Christology, 2157 John, Apostle and Saint on celibacy, 476 church at Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701 church at Dayr al-Majma‘, 820, 821 on confession and penitence, 585 feast day, 882, 2084 and Good Friday, 1104 and Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 monasteries dedicated to, 883 monastery of, 748, 861, 1656 Polycarp and, 1997 as Transfiguration witness, 1108-1109 see also Apocryphon of John; Revelation, Book of; Dayr al- Saqiyah; Gospel of John John, Hegumenos of Raithou, 2050 John, Hegumenos of Scetis, 12, 1362 John, Saint and Bishop of Armant, 1353-1354 John I, Saint and Patriarch, 1337, 2084 and Acacian schism, 44 dates of patriarchy, 1915 John II, Saint and Patriarch, 1337, 2084 and Acacian schism, 44, 45, 46 and churches in Babylon, 318 dates of patriarchy, 1915 at the Enaton, 956-957 and John I, 1337 John III, the Merciful, Saint and Patriarch, 70, 94, 709, 1337-1338, 1939, 1966, 2084 dates of patriarchy, 1915 Isaac the Deacon as biographer of, 1304 and John of Nikiou, 1366 and John of Parallos, 1368 as monk-priest at Dayr al-Ikhwah, 808 panegyric by, 1456 successor, 1303 John IV, Saint and Patriarch, 334, 1338-1339 dates of patriarchy, 1916 feast day, 2084 and Mark II, 1533 Yuhanna as biographer of, 2356 John V, Patriarch, 1340-1341, 1534, 1912 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Mika’el I, Ethiopian prelate, 1007 and Murqus ibn Qanbar reforms, 1699 John VI, Saint and Patriarch, 1341-1342, 1391 and Bulus al-Bushi, 423 and Crusaders’ occupation of Burah, 425 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Giyorgis II as metropolitan of Ethiopia, 1009 and Kha’il translation, 399 and Mika’el II, Ethiopian prelate, 1007 and Yeshaq I, Ethiopian prelate, 1008 John VII, Patriarch, 33, 1342-1343 burial site, 848 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and Yusab, Bishop (13th-century), 2359 John VIII, Patriarch, 1343-1344 burial at Dayr Shahran, 862 and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558 consecrated by Hasaballah, 1210 dates of patriarchy, 1917 patriarchal seat change and residence, 1208, 1913 successor, 1344 and Yusab, Bishop (13th-century), 2359 John IX, Patriarch, 377, 1344 burial site, 848 dates of patriarchy, 1917 John X, Patriarch, 1344 dates of patriarchy, 1918 John XI, Patriarch, 1344-1345 consecration of Ethiopian prelates, 1014 and Coptic relations with Rome, 609 dates of patriarchy, 1918 and Dayr al-Maghtis, 819 John XII, Patriarch, 1119, 1131, 1346 and Coptic relations with Rome, 1347 dates of patriarchy, 1918 successor, 1346 John XIII, Patriarch, 1612, 1346-1347, 1647, 1974 dates of patriarchy, 1918 on pillage of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 writings copied by Jirjis Makramallah al-Bahnasawi, 1335 John XIV, Patriarch, 1347 and Coptic relations with Rome, 952, 1329-1330 dates of patriarchy, 1918 John XV, Patriarch, 1022, 1347-1348 dates of patriarchy, 1919 John XVI, Patriarch, 30, 1206, 1273, 1347-1348, 1975 church restorations under, 713 and communion of the sick, 580 and Coptic relations with Rome, 610 dates of patriarchy, 1919 and Jesuits in Egypt, 1330 and Marqos IV, Ethiopian prelate, 1027 as monk of Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 and restoration of Dayr Anba Bula, 742, 743 and Sinoda, Ethiopian prelate, 1025 successor, 1949 John XVII, Patriarch, 1348-1350 Bisurah al-Hariri manuscripts on, 403 consecration at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550 and Coptic relations with Rome, 610-611 dates of patriarchy, 1919 as monk at Dayr Anba Bula, 742 successor, 1538 and Yohannes III, Ethiopian prelate, 1029 John XVIII, Patriarch, 1350 consecration of Jusab, Bishop (18th-century), 2360 dates of patriarchy, 1919 John XIX, Patriarch, 1351 and Coptic Community Council, 580 dates of patriarchy, 1919 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980, 1198, 1041- 1043 Ethiopian visit, 1041 as first bishop elected as patriarch, 399, 1911 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 and Isidhurus pardon, 1307 and Italian intervention in Ethiopia, 1041-1043, 1198 as monk at Dayr al-Baramus, 791 and Qerelos III, Ethiopian prelate, 1040, 1042 and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2097 and School for Monks (Alexandria), 564 and Yusab II, 2363 John of Alexandria (martyr), 31, 1554 John the Almoner, Patriarch of Cyprus (Melchite), 184, 720, 721, 1641-1642 John of Antioch, Bishop, 55, 960, 1354 and bishop’s translation, 399 and Nestorius, 1786 John Arkaph, 1584 John of Ashmun Tanah (martyr), 1556 John of Asyut, Bishop, on martyrs of Isna, 866 John the Baptist, Saint, 71, 1354-1356, 1477 birth of, 1102 churches dedicated to, 792 in Coptic literature, 1356 cult of, 1355 Feast of Commemoration. See Festal days, monthly Gabriel, Archangel, and, 1135 and immersion, 1286 martyrium of, 1610, 1611, 1646 place in Coptic church, 1355-1356 Proclus homily on, 2018 Raphael, Archangel, and, 2054 relics of, 93 sanctuary of, 751 John of Biclarum, 921, 1513 on the evangelization of Nubia, 1801-1802 John the Black. See John Kama, Saint John Calybites, 1357 John Cassian. See Cassian, Saint John John Chrysostom, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 1357-1359 on ablution, 9 on anamnesis, 121 on angels, 132 Antioch schism mediation, 2249 on asterisk as eucharistic vessel, 1065 Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 459-460 on celibacy, 476 collected homilies of, 1778, 1779 Coptic translations, 1454 and cross-carrying, 1468 and Cyril I, 672 on deaconesses, 888 and Demetrius, cycle of, 667 and Demetrius of Antioch, 893 encomia as part of Coptic hagiography, 1196 on Eucharist, 597, 1056-1057, 1059-1060 and Eustathius of Thrace, 1073 on Feast of the Ascension, 1105 feast day, 2084 on Gospel of Saint Mark, 1159 on Holy Cross manifestation, 1243 homily on Basil the Great, 352 homily on Gabriel, Archangel,1136 homily on Raphael, Archangel, 2053, 2054 on immersion, 1286 and Isidorus of Pelusium, 1308, 1309, 1310 and Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani (copyist), 1335 and John the Faster, 1339-1340 on Last Judgment, 1379 liturgies of, 1540 on Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 and Origenist monks, 113-114, 2250 Palladius defense of, 1877 patristic writings, 1921 Proclus on, 2018 relics, 2017 and al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal revision of homilies of, 2075 and Severian of Jabalah, 1136, 1619, 2122, 2123 and Sophia, Saint, 2143-2144 and Tall Brothers, 916, 2250 Theodorus of Mopsuestia relationship, 2238 and Theophilus, Patriarch,2247, 2250-225 1, 2252 and tradition of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2303 on unction of the sick, 139, 2291-2292 John of Claudiopolis, Bishop of Isauria, 2124 John Climacus (John the Cilician), 2050 John Colobos, Saint, 1359-1361, 1448 on Ababius, 1 Arabic tradition of, 1361-1361 and Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240 and Athanasius of Clysma (martyr), 305 and Bishoi, 734, 795 churches dedicated to, 701, 1426 Coptic tradition of, 1359-1361 death in Clysma, 565 feast day, 2084 and James of Scetis, Saint, 1321 and John Kama, Saint, 1363 monasteries of, 770, 809 as paragon of virtue and obedience, 1668 and Pshoi of Scetis, 2029 relics, 720, 753 and Shenute, 2029 and Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258 John the Confessor, Saint, 2084 John of Damanhur (martyr), 688, 1554 John of Damascus, Saint, 71, 1735, 1985, 2046 John the Dwarf. See John Colobos, Saint John of Ephesus, 921, 1362, 1676 on the evangelization of Nubia, 1797, 1801-1802, 1807 on Longinus, 1480 on monophysitism, 1673-1674 and Sophia, 1384-1385 John the Faster, Saint and Patriarch of Constantinople, 1339-1340 feast day, 2084 John of Gaza, Saint, 2084 John of the Golden Gospel, Saint, 2084 John the Grammarian of Caesarea, 1455 John of Heraclia (martyr), 1556 John Jejunator. See John the Faster, Saint John of Jerusalem, Saint and Bishop, 1930, 2084 John Kama, Saint, 701, 749, 1362-1363 in Ethiopia, 991 feast day, 2084 marital chastity of, 1543 John of Laqqaanah, Bishop, 1426 John the Little. See John Colobos, Saint John of Lycopolis, Saint, 296, 1363-1365, 1976, 2029, 2084 and Bessarion, Saint, 379 Coptic texts on, 1455 and Dayr al-‘Izam, 809 Historia monachorum in Aegypto on, 809, 1238, 1363, 1364 at Lycopolis, 296 Palladius and, 1876 reclusion of, 2055-2056 John of Madinat al-Fayym, Bishop, 1126 John of Mayuma, Bishop, 1366, 1670, 2033 on early liturgical music practices, 1733, 1735 texts by, 1455 John of Montenero, 1114, 1116 John Moschus, 1467, 1560, 1662, 2050 John of Nikiou, Bishop, 37, 1366-1367, 1676, 1794, 206 as archimandrite, 193 chronicle of Arab conquest of Egypt, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188 on Church of Saint Michael, 1617 on the Covenant of ‘Umar, 655 on Eikoston, 951 and Jeremiah, Saint, 1322 on Mit Damsis, 1971 and Simon I, 2138-2139 and taxation, 358-359 and Theognosta, Saint, 2244 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2248 and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264 on treaty of Alexandria (641), 187, 683 writings translated into Ethiopic, 977 John “of the Cells”, 1948 John of Pake, 1367 John of Parallos Saint, 838, 871, 1367-1368, 1456, 1618, 1619, 1626 feast day, 2084 John Paul II, Pope (Rome), on doctrines of Nestorius and Eutyches, 1786 John of Petra, Abbot, 1662 1662 John of Phanidjoit (martyr), 1556 John Philoponus, 29, 100 John and Piammônas of Diolkos, 908 John the Presbyter, 1368-1369 and Life of Pisentius, Saint, 1368, 1455-1456 John of Psenhowt (martyr), 1556 John Rufus. See John of Mayuma John Rylands Library, Manchester, England, 901, 1893 John of Sa, Bishop, 925 John of Sabarou (martyr), 1552 John Sabas, 1369 John of Sais, Bishop, and monks of the Kellia, 1397-1398 John of Sanhut, Saint (martyr), 882, 1556, 1626 John the Scribe. See Cyril V, Patriarch John of Shmun, Bishop, 1369 on Bishoi and Shinudah, 737 panegyrics by, 1456 John the Short. See John Colobos, Saint John the Soldier (martyr), 1467, 1556 Johnson, D. W., 1573 John and Symeon, 1370 John Talaia, 43, 1609, 1610, 2269 John of Tella, 1673-1674 John of Würzburg, 872 Jomard, Edmé Franois, 1284 Jonah, depiction in Coptic art, 386, 387 Jonah, Fast of, 1094 Jonas, Apa, festal date of, 840 Joore (martyr), 1370, 1556 Jordan Coptic churches in, 1621 and Dayr al-Sultan, 873-874 Jordan River, 1246 Jordanus, Bishop of Quilon, 1635-1636 Joseph (martyr). See Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs) Joseph (Old Testament), 1868 depiction in Coptic art, 387-388, 388 Egyptian sites connected with, 1976 and lecanoscopy, 1507 Joseph, Saint, 1370 Joseph of Arsinoë, Bishop, 760 Joseph the Bishop, Saint, 2084 Joseph of Bishaw, Saint, 1371, 1374, 2084 Joseph the Carpenter, Saint, 1371-1374 apocryphal accounts,1372-1373 cult of, 1373-1374 and Dayr al-Janadlah, 705 feast day, 2084 and Gabriel and Michael, Archangels, 1136 and mummification, 1697 New Testament accounts, 1371-1372 see also Flight into Egypt Joseph of Fuwwah, Bishop, 1126 Joseph of Tsenti, Saint, 1374 Josephus Flavius, 176, 1375-1376 Joshua (Old Testament), 1618 in Arabic versions, 1830-1831 Testament of. See Testament of Joshua Joshua and Joseph (ascetics and martyrs), 1556 Josippon, 1375 Journals. See Press, Coptic; Press, Egyptian; specific titles Jovian, Emperor, 1376-1377 patriarch under, 1914 Jowett, William, 133 J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California, 2003, 2005 Jubilee Year, 1101 Judaism. See Jews and Judaism Judaizing Christians. See Ebionites Judas Cyriacus, Saint and Bishop of Jerusalem, 1377-1378, 2085 Judas Iscariot, 897, 1416 Judges (Old Testament), Arabic versions, 1831-1832 Judgment, Last, 1378-1379 Abbaton’s role, 2 agnoetism and, 70-71 and eschatology, 974 and Hades, 1189-1190 and prayer for the dead, 889 see also Afterlife; Paradise Jugs. See Glass, Coptic; Jars and jugs; Metalwork, Coptic; Water jugs and stands Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus, 70, 876, 1379, 1455, 1674 doctrinal position, 547, 734 and Eutyches, 1075 Gaianus advocacy of doctrine, 1138 and Justin I, Emperor, 1384 and monophysitism, 1673 on the nature of Christ, 547, 1288, 2125, 2241 and Severus of Antioch, 2125 and Timothy III, 2268 see also Gaianites; Gaianus Julian, Emperor, 1868 Against the Galileans, 177 and Libanius, 1447 patriarch under, 1914 Julian, Evangelist, 1380, 1480 and Nubian conversion, 1797, 1801-1802, 1807 Julian, Proconsul of Tripoli, 1443 Julian, Saint and Patriarch, 1380, 1999, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1914 successor, 891-892 Juliana (martyr), 1552-1553, 1556 Julian the Apostate, Emperor, 1380-1382 and Cyril I, 673 and martyrdom of Alladyus, 1551 and martyrdom of Eusignius, 1071-1072, 1555 and martyrdom of Judas Cyriacus, 1377 martyrs under, 1556, 1557; see also specific names Mercurius of Caesarea and death of, 1382, 1592, 1593 monastery establishment during reign of, 720 and paganism, 1869 persecutions of Christians by, 300, 1937 and profaning tomb of John the Baptist, 1355 succeeded by Jovian, 1376 Julian calendar. See Calendar, Julian Julian and his mother (martyrs), 1556 Julianists. See Julian, Bishop of Halicarnassus Julianus, Chaldean Oracles, 516 Julitta (Julietta), Saint (martyr), 671, 1554 icon of, 1278 Julius, Bishop of Puteoli, 1441 Julius I, Pope (Rome), 523, 1442, 1669, 1670, 1672 Julius of Aqfahs, 1, 2, 152, 1556, 1865 Cycle of, 445 martyrdom in Atrib, 307 Julius Caesar, 235 Jullien, Michel Marie, 806, 852, 856, 1382-1383, 2197 Jung, Carl, 1149 Jung Codex. See Codex Jung Junia (martyr), 1552 Junker, Hermann, 656, 815, 1383 Jupiter (pagan deity), 889, 890, 904, 905, 1866 Justin I, Emperor, 1383-1384 and Apion family, 155-156 and Chalcedon dispute, 46-47, 1673, 1674 patriarch under, 1915 Justin II, Emperor, 688, 1384-1385 John of Ephesus on reign of, 1362 and monophysites, 1675, 1676 patriarch under, 1915 Justinian, Emperor, 1385-1386, 1648, 2008 and Abraham of Farshut, 11-12 and Abusir, 34 and Acacian schism, 46, 47 and Anastasia, 125 Annunciation, Feast of the, 290 and Apion family, 155-156 and Athanasius of Clysma cult, 305-306 and audientia episcopalis, 308 and canons of Epiphanius, 456 and Codex Justinianus, 569-570, 1385 and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595-596 Henoticon edict, 1218, 1674 hymn ascribed to, 1733 and John of Ephesus missions, 1362 and Justin I, Emperor, 1383 and Justin II, Emperor, 1384-1385 military reforms, 136, 237-238 and monophysitism, 1319, 1673, 1674, 1676 Moses of Abydos prophecy on, 1679-1680 and Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1681, 1682, 2325 patriarch under, 1915 and Pentapolis administration, 1934 Procopius history of, 2019-2020 and Qift renaming, 2038 and Raithou monasteries, 2050 reforms of, 2007-2008, 2023; see also subhead military reforms on sale of monasteries, 1639, 1640 and taxation in Roman Eqypt, 2205 and Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 2239 and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264 and wife, Theodora, 2234-2235 Justin Martyr, 1638 as apologist, 176, 177-178 on Easter designation, 1104 and “godly monarch” concept, 1957 on immersion, 1286 Justus, Patriarch, 1386, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1913 Justus, Saint (martyr), 2085, 1386-1387, 1556, 2085, 2209 Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 290, 515, 1440, 1670, 2242 K_______________________ Ka, festival of Union of, 438 Kaau, Saint, paintings of, 727 Kacmarcik manuscript, copying of, 722, Kafi, al- (Mikha’il Sharubim), 1630-1631 Kafr Ayyub, pilgrimages to, 1972 Kafr Damru (village), 689-690 Kafr al-Dayr, 1655, 1656 pilgrimages to, 1972-1973 Kafr Dimayrah al-Iadid. See Dimarah Kafr al-Shaykh. See Mahallat Danyal Kaft al-Dawwar, Coptic Catholic church, 1123 Kahle, Paul Eric, 902, 1389 Kahyor, monasteries at, 1654 Kainopolis. See Qina Kalabsha. See Talmis Kalamon. See Qalamun Kallileion. See Anointing; Catechumen, oil of the Kallinikos, Bishop, 1089 Kaluj See Bajtij (martyr) Kamal, Ahmad, on Dayr Abu Lifah, 704 Kamil Murad. See Murad Kamil Kanebo. See Museums, Coptic collections in Kansu, 1519 Kaou (martyr), 1556 Kaphalas. See Paphnutius of Scetis, Saint Karabacek, Joseph von, 1389 Karanis, 1390 glassmaking, 1143-1144 Kararah. See Qararah Karimi Guild, 1391 Karma, monastic murals at, 1874 Karm Abu Mena, 1936-1937 Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 1391-1392 Karmuz, catacomb at, 1873 Karnak in the Christian period, 1392-1394, 1392, 1393, 1394 end to institutionalized paganism in, 1870 monasteries near, 1657 pharaonic-style temples at, 1392, 1392, 1865 Kasios. See Katib al-Qals Kassa Asrate Stele, 1394 Kata meros. See Lectionary Katib al-Misri, al-. See Fakr al-Dawlah Katib al-Qals, 1650 Katochoi (recluses), 2055-2056 Kaufmann, Carl Maria, 1394 Kaunakopoiós (kaunakoplókos) (Coptic weaving term), 2221 Kavad II Seroe 1940 Kawjar al-Rumi, 810 Kawkab al-Sharq (publication), 1990 Kaysan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan, 1395, 2079 Keep, 1395-1396 Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj), 736, 740 Dayr Anba Samu’il (Qalamun), 760 Dayr al-Baramus, 792 Kellia, 1395, 1404 Keimer, Ludwig, 1396 Kellia, 1395, 1396-1409 altars, 106, 107 Ammonius and, 113 Amun, Saint, and, 119 architecture compared with Hilwan, 1234 ceramics of, See Ceramics, Coptic complexes of churches, 552, 553, 1404-1405, 1406-1407 construction materials, 1401-1402 and Coptological studies, 615 and Damanhur bishopric, 687 in “Desert of Scetis,” 2102 earliest churches at, 552, 553 Egyptian archaeological activity, 1406-1407 epigraphy, 1407-1408 Evagrius Ponticus and, 1076-1077 excavations, 414, 694, 724, 1398-1406, 1658 French archaeological activity, 1398-1400, 1402 hegumenos title used at, 1216 hermit cells at, 477 history of site, 1397-1398 inscriptions found at, 1291, 1407-1408 and Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud identification, 1316 keeps, 1395, 1396 khizanahs found at, 1415 as laura of hermitages, 1224-1225 in Letters of Saint Antony, 150 and Macarius Alexandrinus, Saint, 1489-1490 monastic life, 1662 mural paintings at, 1408-1409, 1659, 1660, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877 and Nitria monastery, 1794-1796 Palladius at, 1876, 1877 Swiss archaeological activity, 1400-1406 two-bay hall development, 1404 Kells, Book of. See British Isles and Ireland, Coptic influences in the Kemal Atatürk, 1996 Kenya, Coptic churches in, 1622 Kenyon, Frederic George, 1410 Kephalaia, 1891 Kerygmata (Damian), 1455 Keys, 1604, 1604 Kha’il I, Patriarch, 24, 37, 93, 350, 1205, 1410-1412, 1589, 1678, 1950 and bishop’s translation, 399 chosen at Bilbeis, 391 dates of patriarchy, 1915 feast day, 2085 and Mina I, 1631 as monk at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 721 Yuhanna the Deacon biography of, 2356-2357 Kha’il II, Patriarch, 1412, 2085 dates of patriarchy, 1916 Yuhanna biography of, 2356 Kha’il III, Patriarch, 903, 1412-1413 dates of patriarchy, 1916 held for ransom, 2280-2281 Khalil Bey (Mamluk amir), 1538 Khandaq, al-, 1413 see also Dayr al-Khandaq Khara’ib al-Namus. See Dayr al-Namus Kharaj (land tax), 636, 656, 1413-1414, 2093 Alexander II and, 86, 87 and Arab conquest of Egypt, 189 on communal property, 72, 85-87 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah on, 1269 impact on Copts, 72, 1410, 1412 increases during Shenute I patriarchy, 2134-2135 and Jacob, Saint, 1318 and jizyah tax, 1336 John IV payment, 1338 Macarius II policy, 1487 Khargah. See Kharjah Kharjah (great oasis), monasteries near, 1317, 1658-1659 Khartoum. See Sudan, Copts in the Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1658 Khatt al-Hamayuni, al. See Personal status law Khayla Malakot of Shewa, 1590 Khidmat al-Shammas. See The Services of the Deacon Khirbat al-Filusiyyah, 1414, 1650 Khirbitah, 1415 Khizanah, 1415, 1418 Khonai, shrine to Michael the Archangel, 1616 Khosrow textile (Antinoopolis), 2097-208 Khumarawayh, Caliph, 2281 Khune. See Kounes, Governor of Aswan Khurus, 212-213, 218, 221, 223, 552, 553, 554, 555, 661 and altar location, 107 Dayr Anba Maqar, 753, 754 Dayr Anba Shinudah, 769 Khusus, al- (Coptic center), 703 Khuzi (martyr), 1552 Kilani, Muhammad Sayyid, 1465 Kilns, pottery, 481-482 Kings, anointing of, 139 Kircher, Athanasius, 1248, 1330, 1415, 1748, 1967, 2052 Kirillus, Anba, Bishop of Asyut, 1270 Kiss of Peace (aspasmos), 63, 1416 Kitab Akhbar al-Zaman (Yuhanna al-Hadhiq al-Qibti), 2357 Kitab al-Burhan fi al-Qawanin (Book of Evidence in Laws) (Abti Shakir ibn al-Rahib), 33, 1463 Kitab al-Hadi fi Ma‘rifat al-Samadi (Qustantin), 2046 Kitab al-Huda (Canons of Clement), 456 Kitab al-‘Ilm wa-al-‘Amal (Yuhanna ibn Sawirus), 2357-2358 Kitab al-Idah (Severus of al-Ashmunayn), 1779 Kitab al-Istidlal. See Book of Dialectic Kitab Jala’ al-‘Uqul fi‘Ilm al-Usul, 1464 Kitab al Khulaji al-Muqaddas, 1464 Kitab al-Majami‘, 1463 Kitab Misbah al-Zulmah fi ldah al-Khidmah. See Misbah al-Zulmah (Ibn Kabar) Kitab Qawanin al-Dawawin, 1461 Kitab al-Ru’us, 1779 Kitab al-Shifa’ (Butrus ibn al-Rahib), 1779 Kitab al-Shifa fi Kashf ma-Istatara min Lahut al-Masihwa-Ikhtafa, 1463 Kitab al-Suluk li-Ma‘rifat Duwal al-Muluk (Maqrizi), 1525 Kitab al-Tawarikh. See Book of Chronicles Kitab al-Turuhat wa-al-Absaliyyat, 1464 Kitchener, Lord, 1466 Kiyahk (fourth month of Coptic calendar), 438, 441 in the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2178-2 179 Kléber, Jean-Baptiste, 1333, 1416-1417, 2351 Kneeler-penitents, 1932 Kneeling. See Genuflection Knowledge Society, 1993 Kohl, boxes for, 2337-2338 Koine, 1166, 1168, 1169 see also Greek language Koinonia (community), 1664, 1859-1860, 1861, 1862, 1952 see also Monasticism, Pachomian; Pachomius, Saint Kom Abu Billu. See Tarnut Komete (patrician), 1679 Kom Gu’aif. See Naucratis Kom Namrud, 1224, 1418 Kom Ombo, 1418, 1865 Kom al-Rahib, 1418-1419 Konkhistes (Coptic textile term), 2221 Kootwyck, Iohann van, 1647 Koptos. See Qift Korakion (Millenarian), 911 Kothos (pagan deity), 1870 Koui (Khui), Governor of Aswan, tomb of, 850 Koukoullion (bishop’s hood), 1476 Kounes (Khune), Governor of Aswan, tomb of, 850, 851 Krajon and Amun, Saints, 1419, 1556 Krall, Jakob, 1419 Krestodolu I, Ethiopian prelate, 1020 Krestodolu II, Ethiopian prelate, 1024- 1025 Krestodolu III, Ethiopian prelate, 1028, 1349 Krikoris Vegayasayr (Armenian bishop), 234 Kubaniyyah, al-, 815-8 16 Kuentz, Charles, 1419 Kühnel, Ernst, 1419-1420 Kula al-Hamra, al-. See Hermitages, Theban Kunnash al-Thurayya, 1922 Kurum al-Tuwal. See ‘Amriyyah Kush, Empire of, 110, 1420 and Nubians, 1797, 1800 threat by Beja tribes, 373 Kutlah al-Wafdiyyah, al-. See Wafdist bloc Kuttah. See Scriptorium Kutulus (martyr), 1553 Kuwait, Coptic church in, 1621 Kyprianos, spells of, 1506-1507 Kyriakos Mikha’il. See Mikha’il Kyriakos Kyrie eleison, 1420-1421, 1469, 1569, 2013, 2014 in the Book of Canonical Hours, 446-449 for consecration of patriarchs, 1909-1910 in Coptic Good Friday service, 1152 Kyrillos. See Ethiopian Prelates Kyrillus. See Cyril Kyrollos. See Cyril |
| Original Publisher | Macmillan |
| Digital Publisher | Claremont Graduate University. School of Religion |
| Date | 1991 |
| Language | eng |
| Source | The Coptic encyclopedia, volume 8, (CE: Index F-K Volumes 1-7). Originally published in print by Macmillan, reproduced with permission. |
| Collection | Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia - http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/col/cce |
| Rights | Copyright 1991 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Type | Text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Object File Name | cce01969.pdf |
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