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[Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372] D_______________________ Dabamun (martyr), 1554 Dabbah, Al-, Dayr al-Malak, 822 Dabra Libanos, eccage title, 930 Dabra Metmaq. See Dayr al-Maghtis Dado, Saint, 1151-1152 Daff (musical instrument), 1738 Daf‘ al-Hamm (Elias of Nisibis), 1779 Dahlak, 685 Dahshur, 685, 1653 Daidasa (martyr), 1554 Dakhlah Oasis, monasteries at, 706, 822, 1658 Dalas, 685 Dalasina (martyr), 1553 Dalmatic, 647-648 Dalusham (martyr), 730 Damallu, 686 Damanhur, 686-687 bishops of, 9 15-916 martyrs, 1554 Damanhuri, Shaykh Ahmad, al-, 687 Damanhur Shubra, Dayr Yuhanna at, 882 Damanhur al-Wahsh, 688 Damascius, 1221, 1222 Damasus I, Pope (Rome), 1323, 1947 Damian, Saint (martyr). See Cosmas and Damian Damian, Saint and Patriarch, 688-689 Anastasius as successor, 125 Benjamin I and policies of, 376 churches dedicated to, 716-717 and Constantine of Asyut, 592 Coptic texts of, 1455 dates of patriarchy, 1915 and the Enaton, 956 feast day, 2083 Jacob Baradaeus on, 13 19 and John of Parallos, 1368 and John of Shmun, 1369 Pisentius consecrated by, 1979 Damiana. See Dimyanah Damnas (martyr), 1554 Damru, 689-690, 1652 patriarchal seat at, 1912, 1959 visited by Christodoulus, 545 Danabiq, al-. See Tambuq Dancers Coptic art depictions, 537, 1755-1757, 1756 Coptic embroidery, 2223 resist-dyed tapestry, 2228 tapestry with busts of, 277, 2230 woven textile, 2226 Dandarah, 553, 690-691, 691, 1657 martyrs of, 1554 monastic murals at, 1874 pharaonic-style temples at, 1865 D’Andilly, Arnaud, 894 Dan’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1002 Danfiq (village), 1922 D’Anglure, Baron, 1977 Daniel (Old Testament), 22, 1618 Apocryphal Apocalypse of, 165 see also Daniel in the Lion’s Den; Three Hebrews in the Furnace Daniel, Hegumenos of Scetis, 125 Daniel in the Lion’s Den depicted in Coptic art, 384-385 Gabriel, Archangel, and, 1135, 1136, 1137 Daniel and Moses (hermits), 691-692 Daniel of Scetis, Saint, 692, 1648, 2083 and legend of Mark the Simple, 1540-1541 Daniel the Stylite, 1671 Daphne, depicted in Coptic art, 1753-1754, 1754, 1757-1758, 1758 Daqadus, 692 pilgrimages to, 1970, 1971 Daqahlah, 693, 2270 Daqahliyyah Province, monasteries, 1648-1649 Daraj al-Haykal. See Architectural elements of churches Darb al-Hin, 687 Daressy, Georges Emile Jules, 693 Dar al-harb, 72 Dar al-Islam, 72-73 Darraj, Ahmad, on Egyptian persecutions of Christians and Jews, 1130 Darwat Sarabam. See Dayr Abu Sarabam Dasyah (martyr), 1554 Dating (Coptic monuments and artifacts), 693-694 Dayr Anba Bakhtim (al-Sawam‘ah Sharq), 731 gravestones, 1293-1294 Kellia excavations, 1400, 1401, 1407 sculpture in stone, 2112-2113, 2117 textiles, 255, 257 Daughters of Saint Mary (Bani Suef), 2325 Daumas, François, 694-695, 1316 David (martyr), 1554 David at court of Saul, Coptic art depiction, 385 Dawlah, Al-. See Mu’taman Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-‘Assal Dawuid, Ethiopian sovereign, 1570 Dawud, Qustandi, 1466 Dawud-Shah, Syrian patriarch, 878 Day of Atonement (Old Testament), 306, 1101 see also Atonement Day of Judgment. See Judgment, Last Dayr, al-, 695, 856, 1657, 1648, 1658 see also Monasteries; specific monasteries Dayr Abirun, 695-696, 1650 Dayr Abu Anub (Nub), 696 Dayr Abu Bagham. See Dayr Abu Bifam Dayr Abu Banukh. See Dayr Abu Lifah Dayr Abu Bifam (Asyut), 696, 697, 1654 Dayr Abu Bifam (Samalut), 696-697 Dayr Abu Bifam (Tima), 697 Dayr Abu Daraj, 697-698, 728, 1649 Dayr Abu Fanah, 698-700, 699, 1654 apse of, 196 Dayr Abu Halbanah, 700 see also Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal Dayr Abu Hinnis (Mallawi), 701-703, 701, 794, 1654 and Christian subjects in Coptic art, 533 inscriptions found at, 1292 John Colobos, Saint, and, 1360 murals, 270, 1874 representation of military costumes at, 650 seal for stamping eucharistic bread, 1062 Dayr Abu Hurmus, 1652 Dayr Abu Ishaq (Abnub), 703, 1655 Dayr Abu Ishaq (Fayyum). See Dayr al-Hammam Dayr Abu Ja‘ran, 1651 Dayr Abu Jirja, 927, 1527-1528 Dayr Abu al-Lif, 703-704, 1656 Dayr Abu Lifa, 704, 1644, 1650 Dayr Abu Maqrufah, 704-706, 1654 Dayr Abu Matta (Dakhlah Oasis), 706 Dayr Abu Mina (Maryut), 706-707, 724, 1527 Dayr Abu Musa, 40, 707, 1656, 1680 Dayr Abu Musa al-‘Aswad, 708 Dayr Abu Musha, 708, 1654 Dayr Abu al-Ni‘na’. See Dayr Abu Hinnis Dayr Abu Nub (Dayr Apa Anub), 770, 1654 Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 708-709 and excavations by Zaki Yusef Saad, 2017 and Simon I, 2139 Dayr Abu al-Sadir, 797 Dayr Abu Sarabam (Minya), 709-710, 718, 1654 Dayr Abu al-Sari, 797 Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Akhmim). See Akhmim Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Nag Hammadi). See Dayr Anba Palaemon Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Old Cairo), 710-711, 1427, 1647, 1973 Bayt al-Nisa’ location, 373 churches, 320 as convent, 2325 Epiphany tank use, 968 murals, 1875 pilgrimages to, 1972 see also Church of Abu Sayfayn Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Qus), 711, 1657 Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Tamwayh), 711-712, 1652 Dayr Abu Shinudah. See Dayr Anba Shinudab (Fayyum) Dayr Abu Surrah (Asyut region), 1655 Dayr al-Abyad (Armant). See Dayr al-Matmar Dayr al-Abyad (Suhaj). See Dayr Anba Shinudab (Suhaj) Dayr al-‘Adawiyyah, 712-7 13, 1535, 1653 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Akhmim), 78, 79, 80, 700, 713, 713, 823, 833, 836, 865, 927, 1654, 1655 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Asyut), 714, 927, 1655 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Fayyum), 714, 808, 1650 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (near Bayad al-Nasara), 714 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (near Jabal al-Tayr), 715, 715, 717 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Qift). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut), 715-716 Dayr al-Ahmar (Giza), 716-717, 1652 Dayr al-Ahmar (Suhaj). See Dayr Anba Bishoi Dayr al-‘Ajamiyyin (Fayyum), 1651 Dayral-‘Amil, 1651 Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Cairo). See Babylon Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Jabal Abu Fudah), 717 Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Luxor), 717, 1656 Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Muna al-Amir), 718 Dayr Anba Abshay (Abu Tij), 718-719, 1654, 1978 Dayr Anba Abshay (near al-Tud), 719, 1657, 2030 Dayr Anba al-Abyad. See Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj) Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 719-728, 724, 725, 726, 727, 841, 869, 871, 877-878, 1122, 1532, 1615, 1658, 1875 and Athanasius III, 303 Basilios II at, 358 Basilios III at, 358 Byzantine-influenced art at, 241, 242, 275 as center of Eastern Desert monasteries, 1649 chronology, 721-723 Cyril IV and, 677, 1035 and Dayr Anba Bula, 741 and Dayr al-Mayun, 838 described by Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 2299 difnar found at, 1728 and Ethiopian monks, 2191 food supplied from Bush, 427 Gabriel VI, Patriarch, as monk in, 1133 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, death at, 1134 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, restoration of, 1133, 1134 hisn at, 1237 history, 720-721 and homily on Saint Justus, 668 Dayr Anba Antuniyus, John XV at, 1347 Dayr Anba Antuniyus John XVI at, 1348 John XVIII at, 1350 layout of, 723-725 Macanus III retreat to, 1489 manuscript on life of Paul of Tamma at, 1925 Mark VII as monk at, 1538 Marqos III, Ethiopian prelate, from, 1022 Marqus al-Antuni chapel at, 1699 Matewos, Ethiopian prelate, from, 1039 Matthew I as deacon at, 1569 Menas, Saint, at, 1589 Ottoman impact on, 1857 painting of Abraham and Isaac at, 383 papyri collection, 1892 Peter VII at, 1950 and Petros I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001-1002 pilgrims and travelers to, 1976-1977 pillage of, 720, 722 region of, 728 role in Coptic education, 932 scriptorium of, 2108 and Theophilos I, 2247 and Timotheos I, 2262 and Yacobos II, 2349 Yeshaq I, Ethiopian prelate at, 1008 and Yusab II, 2363 Dayr Anba Antuniyus (Qift). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Anba Bakhum, see also Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu); Dayr al-Shuhada’ Dayr Anba Bakhum (Abydos), 40, 729, 1680 Dayr Anba Bakhum (Barjanus), 729 Dayr Anba Bakhum (Medamud; al-Madamud), 729-730, 1657 Dayr Anba Bakhum (al-Sawam‘ah Sharq), 78, 730-731, 731 Dayr Anba Bidaba, 731-732, 1656 Dayr Anba Bisadah, 78, 731, 732-733, 733, 883, 1657, 1973, 2030 Idfa location, 1280 Dayr Anba Bishoi (Barshah-Minya). See Dayr al-Barshah Dayr Anba Bishoi (Scetis), 734-736, 735, 736, 749, 876, 879, 883, 884, 1623, 1972, 2029, 2103, 2104, 2105 keep construction, 1395-1396 pilgrimages to, 1970 Pshoi of Scetis relics at, 2029 refectories, 735-736, 2056 restored by Benjamin II, 377 Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj), 736-740, 1654, 1875, 2117 apse of, 196 architectural sculpture and paintings, 739-740, 764, 770 buildings, 740 history, 736-738 inscriptions found at, 1291 murals, 1875 Pococke visit, 1349 Dayr Anba Bula, 741-744, 743, 744, 878, 1653, 1875, 1925 Bulus al-Bushi and, 423 as center of Eastern Desert monasteries, 1649 and Coptic art, 390, 541 food supplied from Bush, 427 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, restoration of, 1133, 1134 historical landmarks, 741 inscriptions, 1292 and John XVII, 1348 and John XIX, 1351 Mark VII as monk at, 1537-1538 old church, 742-744 paintings at, 1659 papyri collection, 1892 Peter VI at, 1949 pilgrims and travelers to, 1976-1977 travelers’ reports on, 722, 741, 742 Dayr Anba Daryus, 744, 840, 848, 1658, 2358 Dayr Anba Hadra, 744-747, 746, 851, 855, 870, 919, 1190, 1295, 1657 ambulatory of, 195 art and murals, 541, 747, 1874 church architecture, 554 inscriptions found at, 1291, 1293, 1295 keep construction, 1396 octagon-domed church at, 1823 refectory, 2056 see also Hadra of Aswan, Saint Dayr Anba Helias (Naqadah), 747 Dayr Anba Helias (Wadi al-Natrun), 747-748 Dayr Anba Hiziqyal (Armant), 748 Dayr Anba Maqar, 12, 20, 37, 307, 748-756,749, 750-756, 789, 790-791, 808, 824, 825, 835, 927, 1122, 1397, 1491,1533, 1571, 1615, 1616, 1625, 1972 Abraham and George of Scetis at, 12-13 Agathon of Alexandria at, 66 Agathon the Stylite at, 69 art depicting Daniel at, 384-385 Benjamin I canon for, 376 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 931-932 as center of Coptic ecclesiastical culture, 1459 and Christodoulus, 545 consecration of oil (myron) at, 770 and Cosmas I, 636 and Cosmas II, 636 and Cyril I, 671 and Cyril II, 675 and Demetrius II, 892 encomium on Gabriel, Archangel, in codex of, 1136 Ephraem Syrus, Saint at, 963 Gabriel I at, 1127 Gabriel II at, 1128 Garden of the Monks daily readings at, 178 Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate at, 1006 grave of Sawiros, Ethiopian prelate, at, 1006 hisn at, 1237 History of Joseph the Carpenter manuscript at, 1373 illuminated manuscript, 1284 Isaac, Patriarch, as monk at, 1303 Islamic-influenced Coptic art, 1311 Jacob, Saint at, 1318 James of Scetis at, 1321 and John I, 1337 and John III, the Merciful, 1337 and John IV, 1338 and John VI, 1342 and John of Parallos, 1367 and John of Scetis, 1362 keep construction, 1395-1396 Kha’il I at, 1410 Kha’il II burial site, 1412 library, 1449 Macarius I as monk at, 1487 Macarius II as monk at, 1487 manuscript on life of Paul of Tamma at, 1924, 1925 Mina I as monk at, 1631 Mina II as monk at, 1632 Onophrius, Saint, portrayed at, 1842 Ottoman impact on, 1857 papyri collection, 1892 as patriarchal residence, 1912 Peter V and, 1948, 1949 Philotheus as monk at, 1959 rebuilding of, 1535 relics of forty-nine martyrs of Scetis at, 1121 relics of Ishkirun, Saint, at, 758 relics of John Colobos at, 1361 relics of Mark, Apostolic Saint at, 376, 1532 reliefs of, 275 revival of, 755-756 Shenute I at, 2133 synod at, 360-361 and tafsir, 2198 and Testaments of the Patriarchs, 163-164 and woman monk Nabdunah, 1769 and Yuhanna, Bishop, 2355 Yusab I at, 2362 Zeno, Emperor, endowment of, 749, 1462 Dayr Anba Matiyas. See Dayr al-Fakhur Dayr Anba Orion, 12 Dayr Anba Palaemon, 757, 822, 1657 Dayr Anba Pisentius, 757, 819, 1656 Dayr Anba Ruways. See Dayr al-Khandaq Dayr Anba Samu’il (Naqadah). See Dayr al-Sanad Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 130, 758-760, 806, 845, 1615, 1650 Isaac of Qalamun and, 1304 keep construction, 1396 relics from Birma, 392 and Wadi al-Rayyan, 2311 Dayr Anba Sawirus (Asyut), 760-761, 927, 1615, 1654 Dayr Anba Shinudah. See Dayr al-Salib Dayr Anba Shinudah (Fayyum), 1651 Dayr Anba Shinudah (Qus), 1657, 1658 Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj), 60, 69, 705, 708, 734, 736, 737, 761-770, 767, 804, 836, 884, 1092, 1654, 1679, 1875, 1908, 1921, 1968, 1969 Agathonicus of Tarsus treatises at, 69-70 Alexander Romance fragment found at, 2059 apse of, 196 architecture, 617, 766-769, 767, 768 art, 617 assets, 1641, 1642 Besa, Abbot, 378-379 codex on Gabriel, Archangel, at, 1136 codex of Gregory of Nyssa at, 1184-1185 codex on Heraclides, Saint, at, 1220 codex of Theodosius of Jerusalem at, 2242 codices on John of Lycopolis at, 1365 codices on Raphael, Archangel, at, 2053 Coptic sculpture in stone, 2117 Coptic text of prayer from Apostolic Tradition (Hippolytus) at, 1235 Coptic texts at, 1452-1453, 1456; see also specific names Coptic translations of Old Testament at, 1837-1838 cultic niches at, 553 deuterarios of, 895 and Hamai of Kahyor, Saint, 1204 history, 761-765 inscriptions at, 1291, 1292, 1448 khizanahs at, 1414 and legend of Eusignius, Saint, 1071-1072 and legend of Panine and Paneu, 1880 library, 1448, 1452 manuscript on Eustathius of Thrace at, 1073 manuscript of Evodius of Rome homily at, 1078-1079 manuscript fragments of John Chrysostom at, 1358 manuscript of History of Joseph the Carpenter at, 1373 manuscript on life of Paul of Tamma at, 1925 manuscript mention of Gregory of Nazianzus at, 1183-1184 manuscript on Philip of Anatolia at, 1956 and miracles of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592 Pamin, Saint, honored at, 1878 Paphnutius celebrated at, 1882 papyrus collection, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895 papyrus discoveries, 1900 Pococke visit to, 1349 Seth as archimandrite of, 2121 Shenute as archimandrite of, 2131-2133 Shenute iconography at, 538-539, 539 Thomas, Saint, typika at, 2256 and Victor of Tabennese, Saint, 2308 visited and described by Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 2299 Zenobios burial site at, 2371 Dayr Anba Yuhannis, Kiha’il II as monk at, 1412 Dayr Andarawus. See Dayr Abu al-Lif Dayr Apa Agenios, 1657 Dayr Apa Anub (al-Ashmunayn). See Dayr Abu Nub Dayr Apa Anub (Wadi al-Natrun), 770 Dayr Apa Apollo. See Bawit Dayr Apa Hor (Sawadab), 770-771, 1974 Dayr Apa Hor (Siryaqus), 771-772 Dayr Apa Ishaq (Isna), 772, 1656 Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Damietta). See Monasteries of the Daqahliyyah Province Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Jirja), 1657 Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Saqqara), 34, 262, 718, 772-779, 918, 1587, 1642, 1649, 1653, 1888 archaeology, 773-776, 777, 778, 2040 archimandrite at, 193 architectural sculpture, 776-777, 776, 1753; see also subhead sculpture in stone art at, 389, 2004; see also related subheads art depicting Abraham and Isaac, 383 and Byzantine influences on Coptic art, 241 and Christian subjects in Coptic art, 532-533 Coptic glass excavations, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146 deuterarios at, 895 founder of, 193, 532-533 frescoes of Virgin Enthroned at, 542, 543 fresco of Onophrius, Saint, at, 1842 hall from in Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 608 hegumenos title used at, 1216 and Hor, 1254 inscriptions found at, 1291, 1293 murals, 1875 musical instruments, 1739, 1740 paintings, 777-779, 1659, 1660 proestos at, 2021 sculpture in stone at, 2117 stelae from, 2149 Dayr Apa Macarius. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Apa Nob. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Apa Phoibammon, 779-781, 786, 857, 918, 1093, 1656, 1657, 1874 Abraham of Hermonthis as abbot of, 13 ancient correspondence found at, 400-401 archives of, 226, 227 excavations directed by Bachatly, Charles, 323 library, 1448 papyri collection, 1891 Pisentius of Qift as monk at, 1979 Dayr Apa Psote. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Apa Sergius. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Apa Thomas, 781, 1655, 1654 Dayr al-‘Arabah. See Dayr Anba Antuniyus Dayr al-Arba‘i Shahid (Dayr Theophilus), 1658 Dayr Ard al-Hajiz, 927 Dayr Arganus. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr al-Arman, 782 Armenian inscriptions, 1290 Dayr Arsaniyus. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr al-‘Asal (Minyat Bani Khasib), 782, 784, 1654 Dayr Asfal al-Ard, 95, 782-783, 1646 Dayr al-‘Askar, 783, 818, 837, 871, 1649, 1652 Dayr ‘Atiyyah, 782, 784, 1653, 1655 Dayr al-‘Awanah (Asyut), 784, 1655, 1971 Dayr al-‘Ayn. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah) Dayrayn (village), 1652 Dayr al-‘Aysh. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il Dayr al-‘Azab (Fayyum), 784-785, 1650, 1651 Abraam I, Saint, gravesite, 10 Dayr Azilun. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr Babilun al-Daraj, 1647 Dayr al-Badla. See Dayr al-Maymun Dayr al-Baghl. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr al-Bahri. See Dayr Apa Phoibammon Dayr al-Bakarah. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Jabal al-Tayr); Dayr al- ‘Adhra’ (Samalut); Dayr Mar Mina (Jabal Abu Fudah) Dayr al-Bakhit (Luxor), 728, 779, 785-786, 849, 1655, 1656 Dayr Bakhum (Akhmim), 1655 Dayr Bakhtim (Idfu). See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il Dayr al-Bala‘yzah, 50, 786-787, 1073, 1389, 1539, 1654 refectories of, 2056 Dayr al-Ballas (Qift), 787-788, 1656 Dayr Balujah, 788, 1654 Dayr Bamwiyyah, 1651 Dayr al-Banat, 788-789, 789, 1647, 1651 church of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1594 as convent, 2325 Dayr Banub. See Dayr Abu Nub Dayr al-Baramus, 7, 10, 12, 789-794, 790, 791, 792, 1395-1396, 1576, 2103, 2105 Abraam I at, 10 architecture, 791-794, 792, 793, 2056 Christodoulus at, 544 and Cyril V, 677, 1693 and Cyril VI, 678 and Dayr Abu Musa al-‘Aswad, 708 Isidhurus at, 1307 John XIV at, 1347 John XVI at, 1347 John XIX at, 1351 Matthew III at, 1571 Matthew IV at, 1571 Moses the Black’s relics at, 1681 and reconstruction of Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 759, 760 Scetis location, 2102, 2105 sculpture in stone at, 2113, 2116-2117 Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, at, 1001 Yuhanna al-Maqsi at, 2358 see also al-Baramusi, Father Antonios Dayr Barjanus. See Dayr Anba Bakhum (Barjanus-Minya) Dayr al-Barshah and Dayr al-Nakhlah, 771, 794-796, 1255, 1654 Dayr Bawlos. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Bayt Isus. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr bi’l-Habash, 796 Dayr al-Bisrah (Busrah) (Asyut), 796-797, 1655 Dayr Bisuis. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr Bu Bagham, 927 Dayr Bu Magham. See Dayr Abu Bifam (Tima) Dayr Buqtur of Shu, 797-798, 811, 1655 Dayr Bu Sawirus, 927 Dayr Butrus Wa Bulus. See Dayr al-Qasriyyah Dayr Colluthus. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Dhat al-Safa, 1651 Dayr al-Dik, 798-799, 847, 1654 and Christian subjects in Coptic art, 533 foundations of, 146 Dayr Dimushiyyah, 1651 Dayr Disya, 1651 Dayr Durunkah, 799, 855, 856, 1654 pilgrimages to, 1970 Dayr Ebifania, 800 Dayr Epiphanius, 800-802, 817, 857, 1078, 1656 church at Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qurnah, 2128 inscriptions found at, 1291 mummification, 1697 Pisentius archives at, 1456 wall inscriptions, 689 weaving, 1641 Dayr al-Fakhuri, 802-805, 803 804, 1653, 1656, 1875, 2056 Dayr al-Ganadlah, 1654 Dayr al-Ghanayim, 805, 1658 Dayr Ghubriyal, 805, 1658 Dayr al-Habash, Peter V burial at, 1949 Dayr al-Habis (Monastery of the Hermits), 38 Dayr al-Hadid, 805, 1653 Dayr al-Hajar, 806, 1658 Dayr al-Hamamah. See Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Qus) Dayr Hamas. See Dayr al-‘Awanah Dayr al-Hamidat, 1109 Dayr al-Hammam (Dayr Abu Ishaq), 37, 806-807, 1650 Dayr al-Hanadah. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr al-Haraqal. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr Harmina (Asyut), 808, 1655 Dayr al-Hawa. See Dayr al-Nasara (Antinoopolis); Dayr Sunbat Dayr Helias. See Scetis Dayr Ibsidiyyah. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr al-Ikhwah, 808, 1651 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ as duplicate of, 714 John III at, 1337 Dayr Isidorus. See Dayr al-Madinah Dayr Isus. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr al-‘Izam (Monastery of the Bones) (Asyut), 809-810, 809, 842, 1654 Dayr Jabal al-Tayr. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut) Dayr al-Jabrawi (Asyut), 114, 810-812, 811, 812, 853, 1653 Dayr al-Janadlah. See Dayr Abu Maqrufah Dayr al-Jaradawi, 788 Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha), 813, 1972 Dayr al-Jawli, 814 Dayr al-Jazirah (Monastery of the Island). See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Dayr Jimyanah. See Dayr Sitt Dimyanah Dayr al-Jizaz. See Dayr al-Sanad Dayral-Ju‘, 814, 1654 Dayr al-Jud. See Dayr al-Mayun Dayr al-Jummayzah. See Dayr Anba Antuniyus; Dayr al-Maymun Dayr al-Kahmas. See Dayr al-Ballas Dayr Karfunah, 927 Dayr al-Karram. See Dayr Nahya Dayr Katreh. See Dayr al-Shalwit Dayr al-Khadim, 145, 814, 860, 861 Dayr al-Khandaq, 23, 814-815, 1517, 1647 Anba Ruways buried at, 129 contemporary patriarchal residence at site of, 1913 Gabriel VI buried at, 1133 Matthew I tomb at, 1570 relics of Mark, Apostolic Saint, at, 1532 Dayr al-Kharbah, 1655, 1656 Dayr Kharfunah. See Dayr al-Muttin Dayr al-Khasab. See Dayr al-Naqlun Dayr al-Kubaniyyah, 815-816, 816, 851, 1657 ambulatory of, 195 and church architecture in Egypt, 554 octagon-domed church at, 1823 Dayr al-Kulah. See Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah) Dayr Kyriakus. See Dayr Epiphanius Dayr al-Madinah, 816-818, 857, 1620, 1656, 1874 Cerny, Jaroslav, and, 511 and costume of the religious, 653 excavated under du Bourguet, Pierre, 414 Dayr al-Ma’dudi. See Dayr Abu Halbanah Dayr al-Madwid. See Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal Dayr Magharat Shaqalqil, 1974 Dayr al-Maghtis, 818-819, 870, 1649, 1652 destroyed during patriarchate of John XI, 1345 Zar’a Ya‘qob’s grief at destruction of, 1053 Dayr al-Majma‘, 757, 819-821, 1656 Dayr al-Malak, 822, 1657 Dayr al-Malak al-Bahri (Cairo). See Dayr al-Khandaq Dayr al-Malak (Dakhlah Oasis), 822, 822 Dayr al-Malak Ghubriyal. See Dayr al-Naqlun Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Akhmim), 78, 823, 823, 1655, 1974 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Fayyum), 713, 815, 820, 821, 824, 865 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Fayyum), papyrus collection, 1899 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu), 825, 1656 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 825-826, 1657 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Maraghah), 826, 1654 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Naj al-Dayr), 826-827, 827 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Naqadah), 827 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah), 827-828, 828, 1656, 1658 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qina), 1656, 1657 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qus), 1656, 1657, 1658 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (al-Rayramun), 828-829, 1654 Dayr Manawus. See Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Isna) Dayr Mansur. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu) Dayr Maqrufiyus, 705 Dayr Mar Buqtur (Jeme). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Mar Buqtur (Naqadah). See Dayr al—Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah) Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah), 554, 829-830, 830, 1656, 1657 Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qus). See Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Qus) Dayr Mar Hanna. See Dayr al-Tin Dayr Mar Jirjis (Dimiqrat), 830-831, 1650, 1656 pilgrimages to, 1972 Dayr Mar Jirjis al-Hadidi, 78, 713, 831-833, 1657 Dayr Mar Jirjis (Naqadah). See Dayr al-Majma’ Dayr Mar Kyriakos, 1657 Dayr Mar Mina (Gharbiyyah), 707, 833, 1652 Dayr Mar Mina (Hiw/Nag Hammadi), 717, 833-834, 1656 Dayr Mar Mina (Ibyar), 1652 Dayr Mar Mina (Jabal Abu Fudah), 834 Dayr Mar Murqus al-Rasuli. See Qurnat Mar‘i Dayr Marqurah, 1654 Dayr Marquryus. See Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Cairo); Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu) Dayr Mar Stefanos, 1657 Dayr Mart Maryam, 835, 1655 Dayr Mar Tumas, 78, 835-836, 835 Dayr al-Matmar, 836-837, 836, 1656 Dayr Matra, 837 Dayr Mawas. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr al-Maymah (Gharbiyyah), 783, 837-838, 871, 1652, 1649 Dayr al-Maymun, 838-839, 839, 1653 pilgrims and travelers to, 1977 restoration of, 1134 Dayr al-Mazall, 843 Dayr al-Mightas, 871 Dayr Mikha’il al-Qibli, 927, 1647 Dayr Minyat Tanah. See Dayr al-Maghtis Dayr al-Misaykrah, 839-840, 840 Dayr al-Muharib. See Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Luxor) Dayr al-Muharraq, 784, 840-841, 1118, 1654, 1736 Abraam I, Saint, vows at, 10 Clerical College at, 564 Ethiopian monks at, 765, 1039, 2191 Gabriel IV as monk at, 1130 Gabriel VII restoration of, 1134 icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 294 Iqladiyus Labib and, 1302 Isidhurus, Bishop, at, 1307 John XII at, 1346 John XIII at, 1346 keep construction, 1395 manuscript on Macrobius at, 705 and Matewos, Ethiopian prelate, at, 1039 Matthew I at, 1569 pilgrimages to, 1969 Dayr al-Muharraqah, 841-842, 1653 Dayr Musa. See Dayr Sitt Dimyanah Dayr Mustafa Kashif, 842, 1658 Dayr al-Muttin, 842-843, 1654 Dayr Nahya (Giza), 843, 1652 Dayr al-Nakhlah. See Dayr al-Barshah and Dayr al-Nakhlah Dayr al-Namus (Armant), 844, 1656 Dayr al-Naqlun, 758, 788, 845-846, 1650, 1651 pilgrimages to, 1972 Yuna (Jonas) of Armant at, 2358 Dayr al-Nasara (Antinoopolis), 847, 1654 confused with Dayr al-Dik, 798 foundations of, 146 Dayr al-Nasara (Armant), 847-848, 1656 confused with Dayr al-Misaykrah, 839-840 Dayr al-Nasara (Asyut), 848 Dayr al-Nastur, 712, 796, 848, 862, 1647 Theodosius II buried at, 2242 Dayr Nujtuhur. See Monasteries in the Province of Qalyubiyyah Dayr al-Numurah. See Dayr Anba Bula Dayr al-Nuzhah, 1647 Dayr Onophrios. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr Pampane. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr Papnute. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Patermuthius. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Pei-Isus. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr Philemon. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr Philuthawus. See Dayr al-Nastur Dayr Pisentius (Luxor). See Monasteries of Upper Egypt Dayr Pisentius (Naqadah). See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Naqadah) Dayr Posidonios, 849, 1656 Dayr al-Qalamun. See Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun Dayr Qamulah al-Qibli. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah) Dayr al-Qasanun, 1653 Dayr al-Qasriyyah, 849-850, 1653 Dayr Qattan, 1658 Dayr Qibriyus, 850, 1646 Dayr al-Qiddis Yuhannis. See Dayr al-Saqiyah Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 850-852, 851, 852, 1657 octagon-domed church at, 1823 Dayr Qurnat Mar‘i. See Qurnat Mar‘i Dayr al-Qurqas, 78, 852, 1655 Dayr al-Qusayr, 853, 1653, 1654 Murqus ibn Qanbar at, 1699 octagon-domed church at, 1823-1824 Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah), 853-855, 855, 1395, 2358 Dayr al-Rahibat, 1647 Dayr Rifah, 1654 Dayr al-Ris, 1658 Dayr al-Rum, 1680 Dayr al-Rumaniyyah, 856, 1657 Dayr al-Rumi, 729, 856-857, 1656 Dayr al-Rusul. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal, 78, 700, 852, 857-858, 1655 Dayr Sabrah. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il Dayr al-Safsafah. See Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal Dayr Saft al-Khammar. See Dayr ‘Atiyyah Dayr al-Salib, 703, 704, 858-860, 859, 1656 Dayr al-Sanad, 860 Dayr Sannuris, 1651 Dayr al-Sanquriyyah, 860-861, 1653, 1974 Dayr al-Khadim link with, 814 Dayr al-Saqiyah, 861, 1656 Dayr Anba Hiziqyal link with, 748 Dayr Sawadah. See Dayr Apa Hor (Minya) Dayr Saylah. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Fayyum); Dayr al-Hammam Dayr al-Shahid Philuthawaus (Jirja), 861-862 Dayr al-Shahid Tadrus al-Muharib, 862, 862 Dayr al-Shahid Tadrus (Qamulah). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr al-Shahid Tadrus (Qift). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Shahran, 862-863, 1570, 1653 and Barsum the Naked, Saint, 348-349 burial of Benjamin II at, 378 Mark IV as monk at, 1536 Peter V as abbot of, 1948 Dayr al-Shalla, 788, 1651 Dayr al-Shalwit, 863, 864, 1656 hermitages found nearby, 1225 Dayr al-Sham‘, 863, 865, 1652 Paphnutius the Hermit death and relics at, 712, 1883 Dayr al-Shaykhah. See Dayr al-Kubaniyyah Dayr al-Shayyatin (Monastery of the Demons), 863 Dayr Shubra Kalsa, 1652 Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Akhmim), 78, 713, 823, 865-866, 866, 1655 Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Isna), 772, 866-870, 867, 870, 1656, 1875 pilgrimages to, 1972 Dayr Sim‘an, 870 see also Dayr Anba Hadra Dayr Sitt Dimyanah, 40, 79-80, 79, 707, 729, 818, 819, 838, 870- 872, 871, 1649, 1652, 2325 Christian altars, 107 churches of, 713, 757 pilgrimages to, 1968, 1969 Dayr al-Sultan (Jerusalem), 358, 872-874, 1327 and Ceremony of the Holy Light, 1248 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 and Matewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1039 represented at Florence, Council of, 1119 Dayr Sunbat, 875-876, 1654 Dayr al-Suryan, 23, 107, 791, 876-881, 883, 884, 1532, 1646, 2105-2106 art at, 527, 1311, 2195 church altar, 107 church architecture, 554 Dayr Anba Bishoi counterpart, 734 Gabriel VII as priest in, 1131 Isidhurus as abbot at, 1307 Islamic-influenced Coptic art, 1311, 1311 khizanah in church at, 1415 library, 1449 and Makari al-Suryani, 2091 pilgrimages to, 1972 and Shenouda III, 2130 and Simon I, 2138 Syriac inscriptions, 1290 DayrTadrus, 1647, 1654 DayrTasa, 881, 1351, 1655, 1971 Dayr al-Tayr. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Jabal al-Jayr) Dayr Theophilus, 1658 Dayr al-Tin, 796, 881-882, 1647 Dayr al-Tinadah. See Dayr Abu Bifam (Asyut) Dayr Ton Ethiopon. See Dayr al-Muharraq Dayr Turah. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr al-Turfah, 882 Dayr Umm ‘Ali. See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Dayr al-Wustani. See Dayr al-Shuhada’ Dayr Yuhanna (Damanhur Shubra), 882 Dayr Yuhannis (al-Minshah), 883, 1657 Dayr Yuhannis Kama, 883, 1412 Dayr Yuhannis al-Qasir (Asyut). See Dayr al-‘Izam (Asyut) Dayr Yuhannis al-Qasir (Wadi al-Natrun), 883-884 Dayr al-Yunan. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr al-Zakawah, 1651 Dayr al-Zawiyah, 884, 1654 Dayr al-Zaytun (Sharunah), 2128 Dayr al-Zujaj. See Enaton, the Days, epagomenal (intercalary), 439 Days of the week Saturday, 2098-2100 Sunday, 2159-2160 Days of the year, Abraxas, 14 Dayumidis. See Diomede (martyr) Dayut, Dayr Abu Sarabam in 709-7 10 Day of worship. See Sabbath Deacon, 885-886 apostles and, 2015 Didascalia on, 899 fan use by, 1473 and laying-on of hands, 1432 and liturgical music, 1719, 1721, 1729, 1737, 1738 and liturgical vestments, 1477, 1478 musical role, 1910 origination of rank, 885, 886-887 place in ecclesiastical hierarchy, 1229, 2016 ritual book for, 1729, 1737 see also Subdeacon Deacon and archdeacon, ordination of, 886-888 Deaconess, 888 Didascalia on, 899 Dead, prayer for the, 889 Dead Sea Scrolls of the Essenes, 1148 De anima et resurrectione (Gregory of Nyssa), 1184-1185, 1958 Death funerary murals, 1873 gnosticism on, 1156 mourning customs, 1686 mummification, 1696-1697, 1865 mummy labels, 1698 netherworld, 1499 prayer for the dead, 889 tombstone inscriptions with lamentations, 1293-1294 see also Afterlife; Burial rites; Cemeteries; Funerary customs; Martyrs; Mummification; Stela; Tombs Debt. See Law of obligations Decius (martyr), 1554, 1559 Decius, Emperor, 889-891 Encomium of Claudius on persec,utions of, 1193 and martyrdom of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592 patriarch under, 1914 persecutions under, 909, 911, 1868, 1936 successor, 2298 Decius, governor of Turicum (Zurich), 1082, 1110, 2057 and martyrdom of Exuperantius, Saint, 1082 Decoration, Coptic interlacing motif, 251-252 De deitate Filii et Spiritus Sancti (Gregory of Nyssa), 1184 Defense of Origen (Eusebius and Pamphilus), 471, 1071, 1879 Defensor ecclesiae, 891 De fide (Agathonicus of Tarsus), 69, 70 Defrocking of priests, 891, 1931 De haeresibus, 71 Deir Omali. See Dayr al-Rtimaniyyah De Legatione ad Gaium (Philo of Alexandria), 1956 Delehaye, H., as Coptic hagiographer, 1191 Della Valle, Pietro. See Pietro delle Valle Demel, H., 815 Demetrius I, Patriarch, 891-893, 1471, 1866, 1999, 2083 and baptism of Dionysius the Great, 909 Book of Epact, 409-411 dates of patriarchy, 1914 on Easter date-setting, 1104 encomium in honor of, 1117 and Heraclas, Saint, 1219 marital chastity of, 1543 and nuns, 1822 and Origen, 470, 609, 1219, 1847, 1851, 1855 and orthodox Christianity in Egypt, 1222 and Pantaenus, 1881 recognition of Coptic fasts, 1094 Demetrius II, Patriarch, 713, 893 Demetrius II, Patriarch and Atnatewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1037 and Cyril V, Patriarch, 677 dates of patriarchy, 1919 election of successor, 1911 and founding of Coptic school at Asyut, 2197 and Sa‘d Mikha’il ‘Abdu, 2073 Tadrus al-Mashriqi as historian of, 2197 Demetrius of Antioch, 894-895, 1961 and Cycle of John Chrysostom and Demetrius, 667, 1358 and John Chrysostom, 1358 in Nubian liturgy, 1816 and Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2305, 2306-2307 Demon possession and healings in Coptic community, 1212-1214 James, Saint, power to exorcise, 1320 Paul the Simple’s power over, 1923 Demons, depiction in Coptic art, 370-371, 385-386 Demosthenes, 1889 Demotic writing, 1169 De Nativitate (Demetrius of Antioch), 894 Dendera. See Dandarah Den Heijer, J., 1573 Denis of Paris, Saint, 908 Denmark, Coptic collections, 1703 De placitis Manichaeorum (Alexander of Lycopolis), 87-88 Deposit. See Law, Coptic: Private Law De principiis (Origen), 1847, 1852, 1853-1854, 1855 De processione Spiritus Sancti (Anselm of Canterbury), 1113 Derdekeas, 1901-1902 Dermataus of Pemje, Saint, 2083 Dermatawus. See Patermuthius, Saint A Description of the East and Some Other Countries (Pococke), 1983 Description de l’Egypte (Villoteau), 1742, 1977 Desert. See Caves; Hermits; Kellia; Monasteries of the Eastern Desert; Monasteries of the Western Desert; Nitria; Oasis; Scetis Desert fathers, 894 Ammonius of Kellia, 113-114, 894 Apophthegmata patrum on, 177-178 Armenian settlement, 234 Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240-241 and British Isles Christian converts, 417-418 Copres, Saint, on, 598 exclusion of women, 1663 John Colobos, Saint, 1359-1361 Onophrius, Saint, 1841 see also Asceticism; Anchoresis; Monasticism, Pachomian De spiritu et littera (Saint Augustine), 1930 De trinitate (Augustine), 1114-1115 Deuterarios, 895 Deuterocanonical books. See Apocryphal literature Dévaud, Eugène Victor, 895 Devil iconography of, 247-248, 249 renunciation in baptismal liturgy, 339-340 see also Antichrist; Demon possession; Satan “Devil traps”, 1508 De viris illustribus (Saint Jerome), 1920, 1921 Dhimmis. See Ahl al-Dhimmah Diaconia, 209, 895-896, 1826 Diadems, marriage, 1544 Dialects. See Appendix Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898 Diapolis Magna. See Karnak; Luxor Diatonic progression, 1721-1722, 1722 Dictionaries Arabic-French, 1284-1285 Armenian, 1424 Coptic, 614, 661, 1424, 2107, 2145 Copto-Arabic, 34, 1267, 1302, 1748 Greek, 1227 see also Appendix; Coptological studies; Grammars Didache, 179, 180, 898-899 on absolution, 17 on confession, 584 hosanna in, 1258 on immersion, 1285-1286 Didascalia, 898, 899-900 Arabic translation, 20 as basis for the Apostolic Constitutions, 179 and bishops, 394 copied by Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273 on Eucharistic fast, 1063 on Holy Communion on Saturday, 2098 on the seven canonical hours, 446-448 on use of candles in church, 445 Didaskaleion (Alexandria), 231 Didius Julianus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 “Didymian Comma” (musical tonal interval), 1731 Didymus the Blind, 900, 1448, 1876, 1885 anathematization, 1076-1077 anti-Manichaeism, 1522 Antony of Egypt and, 150 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 100-101, 470, 471, 564, 931 Coptic liturgy authorship, 1733 and filioque justification, 1115 and identity of Heraclides in Passion, 1220-1221 and Origen, 1855 and papyrus discoveries, 854, 1899 translated by Jerome, Saint, 1323 Didymus Institute for the Blind, 564, 1737, 2091 Didymus of Tarshjebi, Saint, 2083 Dier. See Dayr Diethart, J. M., 2022 Difnar, 63, 900-901, 1728, 1986 and celebration of Suriel the Trumpeter, 2160 and the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2174 on flight into Egypt, 1117-1118 and watus, 2320 Digamy, 901, 1544-1545 Dikaion, 901-902 Dikhaylah, al-. See Enaton, the Dikirnis, 1649 Dimayrah, 902-903 Dimiqrat. See Dayr Mar Jirjis (Dimiqrat) Dimyanah, Saint, 819, 838, 871 icon of, 1279 see also Dayr Sitt Dimyanah; Dimyanah and her forty virgins Dimyanah and her forty virgins, 903, 1087, 1554, 2324 Din, Fu’ad Siraj, al-, 1991 Dinushar, 903 Diocletian, Emperor, 24, 55, 93, 904-908, 1485 and Alexandria, 96 Anatolius under, 128 and beginning of Byzantine era in Egypt, 942 and dating of Coptic artifacts, 694 and destruction Qift, 2038 and George, Saint, 1139–1140 and Great Persecution, 88, 379, 730, 845, 903, 919, 1424, 1489, 1548, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1865, 1869, 1936-1937, 1943, 1944, 1960-1961, 1963-1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 2031 impact on Greek language and culture in Egypt, 1167-1168, 1171, 1179, 1180 Justus, Saint, on, 1386 Manichaeism edict, 1521 and martyrdom of Apaiule and Tolemaeus, Saints, 153 and martyrdom of Ascla, Saint, 283 and martyrdom of Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint, 965 and martyrdom of Epima, Saint, 965 and martyrdom of Hesychius, Saint, 1226 and martyrdom of Nabraha, Saint, 1770 and martyrdom of Olympius, Saint, 1840 and martyrdom of Shenufe, Saint, 2130 martyrdoms under, 1305, 1307; see also subhead Great Persecution; specific martyrs and martyrdom of Ter and Erai, Saints, 2209 and martyrdom of Theban Legion, 2231 and martyrdom of Til, 2261 and martyrdom of Tolemaus, Saint, 2271 and martyrdom of Victor of Solothurn and Geneva, Saint, 2302 and martyrdom of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2303 and martyrs at al-Bahnasa, 330 military reforms of, 236-237 patriarch under, 1914 persecutions chronicled by Eusebius of Caesarea, 1069-1070, 1071 and Psote of Psoï, 203 1-2032 reforms of, 135, 236-237, 943, 2007-2008, 2009, 2022-2023 Socrates as historian of, 2142 and taxation reforms, 135 and Theban Legion, 2231 Theodotus of Ancyra on, 2243 Theonas patriarchy and initial tolerance of Christianity by, 2245-2246 visits to Egypt by, 2063, 2066 Diocletian Era, 434, 972 Diocletianopolis. See Qus Diodora (martyr), 1553 Diodore of Tarsus, 174, 1672, 2017 Diogenes, 1944, 1958 Diolkos, 461, 908 Diomede (martyr), 1554 Dionysiaka (Nonnos of Panopolis), 1759, 1799, 1865 Dionysian Era of the Incarnation, in the Coptic calendar, 434 Dionysius (anchorite), 1650 Dionysius, Antiochene Patriarch of Syria, 1534 Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth (circa 170), 908 Dionysius the Areopagite, 908-909 Dionysius Exiguus (Scythian monk), 1103, 1906 Latin translation of Life of Pachomius by, 1861 Dionysius the Great, Patriarch, 81, 909-912, 1638, 1934, 1936 and burial, 425-426 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 472, 2245 dates of patriarchy, 1914 on Easter observance date, 81, 912, 1905 epistles to Basilides, 1612 and Heraclas, Saint, 1219 and homoousion concept, 1253 on Mareotis, 1526 on martyrdoms, 1549 and Origen, 1851 and persecutions of Decius, Emperor, 890, 1936 poetry on, 1985, 1986 successor, 1574-1575 Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite, on censer use, 1472 Dionysus (pagan deity) depicted in tapestry, 2222, 2224 depiction in Coptic art, 73, 1758-1760, 1759, 1760 Dioscorus I, Saint and Patriarch, 93, 912-915, 1583, 2033 and Chalcedon, Council of, 512-515, 1673, 1786, 1787, 2236 Christology, 524-525, 1699 Coptic texts on, 1455 dates of patriarchy, 1915 encomium on Macarius, 400, 1882 and Leo I the Great, 1440, 1441, 1442 on nature of Christ. See subhead Christology and Peter III Mongus, 1947 sainthood and feast day, 2083 supported by monks at the Enaton, 956 support for Eutyches’s anti-Nestorianism, 961-962, 1074-1075 and Timothy II Aelurus, 2264 Dioscorus II, Patriarch, 915 and Acacian schism, 45-46 dates of patriarchy, 1915 Dioscorus, Bishop of Damanhur, 113, 686, 915-916 Dioscorus and Aesculapius (martyrs), 1554 Dioscorus of Aphrodito, 916, 1644, 1731 archives of, 226 as exponent of Greco-Coptic society, 946-947, 1168, 1178, 1181 Dios, Saint, 912, 1120, 1554 Diptychs, 1567 Dira’ Abu al-Naja, plateau of, 786 Disciples. See Apostles; specific disciples Discourse against Arius and Sabellius (Didymus), 900 Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth, 916-917 Diseases. See Communion of the sick; Black Death; Healings in Coptic literature; Medicine; Plagues; Unction of the sick Dishes. See Missoria; Tableware Dispute with the Cilicians (Agathonicus of Tarsus), 69 Dispute with Justin the Samaritan about the Resurrection (Agathonicus of Tarsus), 69 “A Dissertation on the Falsifications by Heretics of the Works of Origen” (Rufinus), 2068 Dissolution of marriage. See Divorce; Marriage; Personal status law Divine Liturgies of Coptic Orthodox Church, 120-121 Divine Logos. See Christ, nature of; Logos Divinity of Christ. See Christ, nature of Divjak, Johannes, and Pelagianism, 1930 Divorce, 1119, 1462 civil regulations, 1088 Coptic justifications for, 1542, 1543 Coptic law on, 1088, 1428, 1942-1943 Diyab, Tawfiq, 1990 Djeme papyrus collection, 780, 1895 see also Madinat Habu; Memnonia Djinkim. See Appendix Docetism, 917, 1583 and Cerinthus, 511 and Julian, Bishop, 1379 on nature of Christ, 547 Doctors. See Medicine, Coptic Doctrina apostolorum, 898 Dodekaschoenus Kingdom (Nubia) Greek language use, 1170, 1171 see also Nubia Dolls made of wood, 2340 for magical spells, 1509, 1510 Dolphins, as symbols, 1598, 2 166-2167, 2169 Dome, 209-210 Dominican Institute of Oriental Studies, Cairo, 918 Dominicans in Egypt, 918 Domitian, Emperor, 1375 Domitius, Saint. See Maximus and Domitius, Saints Domitius Celsus, Emperor, 906 Domnus, Archbishop of Antioch, 1074, 1670 Donation of children, 918-919 Donations, 1430 see also Law, Coptic: Private law Donatism, 919-921, 1935 Constantine I and, 589 Donatus, Bishop, 920-921 Dongola, 921-922 and Baqt Treaty, 343 basilica, 1807, 1808-1809, 1808 as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813 and Islamization of Nubia, 1803-1804 as medieval city, 1514 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1805 Nubian Christian architecture in, 1807-1809 visited by Ibn Salim al-Aswani, 1271 Doors, wooden, 2331-2333, 2332-2333 Doresse, J., 726, 849, 1899 Dormition of the Virgin Mary, Feast of the. See Theotokos, Feast of the Dorotheus (elder), and Gabriel, Archangel, 1127 Dorotheus (Theban ascetic), 1931 Dorotheus, Bishop of Isna, 772, 866 Dorotheus, Bishop of Pelusium, 1089 Dorotheus, Bishop of Thessalonica, 45 Dorotheus and Theopista, and Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 Doss Khillah family, 1991 Dotawo, 922-923 and Islamization of Nubia, 1803 and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 and Nobatia, 1797 Nubian church organization at, 1813 and Nubian languages and literature, 1816 Qasr Ibrim as center, 2037 Double-entry bookkeeping, 54 Doxology, 923-924, 1727-1728 Gloria in excelsis, 1147 honoring Raphael, Archangel, 205 and sab‘ah wa-arba‘ah, 2071 and watus, 2321 Draguet, René, 924 Drawloom, 2216 Dream of Nectanebo (first Greek prose fiction), 1169 Drescher, James Anthony Bede, 924 Drioton, (Chanoine) Etienne Marie Felix, 924 Drovetti, B., 1894 Drum, 1738 Dualism, 1519, 1521 Dubernat, Father, 1330 Duchesne, Louis, 925 Duke Street (London). See Coptic Street Duke University, 1895 Duksar. See Porch Dulaurier, Jean Paul Louis François Edouard Leuge, 925 Du Mans, Belon, 1977 Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington, D.C., 1596, 1598, 1600, 1714 Dumerah. See Dimayrah Dumyat, 89, 925-926 bishops of, 1541-1542 Crusades and, 3 14-315 Dayr Apa Jeremiah, 1649 Franciscan friary, 1121, 1122, 1123 French governor, 1417 Metropolitan See of, 1613-1614 Dürer, Albrecht, 1532 Durr al-Thamin, al-, 431, 926 Durunkab, 926-927 Dayr Abu Bifam in, 697 monasteries in region, 799, 856 Dush, 927-928 Duwayr, al-, 928 Dyeing, in manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2214-2215 Dynamic Monarchians, 1637-1638 Dyophysites, vs. Monophysites in Alexandria, 97, 99, 101 E_______________________ Eagle, as Coptic art symbol, 2167-2169, 2170 Early History of the Christian Church (Duchesne), 925 Earrings, 1606, 1606 Earthquakes, 1487-1488 East, orientation toward the, 1846 East Bank. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Easter, 1104-1105, 1904 date-setting. See Book of Epact; Paschal controversy Didascalia on, 899 Dionysius the Great on, 912 Eusebius of Caesarea work on, 1071 Good Friday and, 1152-1153 Mark, Apostolic Saint, martyrdom on, 1531 Melito of Sardis homily on, 1585-1586 Proclus homily on, 2017 and Shamm al-Nasim feast day,2126 use of candles for, 446 Eastern Desert monasteries of the, 1649-1650 Rufinus history of hermits in, 2068 see also Scetis Eastern Orthodox churches and Acacian schism, 42-47 baptismal creeds, 178-179 canon of Scripture, 2108 Chalcedon, Council of, 1670, 1671, 1673, 1674 consubstantiation doctrine rejection, 597-598 fan use, 1474 Henoticon, 1671 Iconoclastic controversy, 1275-1276, 1277 Immaculate Conception doctrine repudiation, 1285 al-Istifham Ba‘d al-Istibham,1312-1313 and Leo I the Great, 1440-1442 Monophysite rift, 1669-1677 penance, conception of, 1932 see also Constantinople; Jerusalem; Oriental Orthodox churches Eastern Roman Empire. See Constantinople; Roman Empire Easter Sunday. See Easter; Paschal controversy ‘Ebeid, Makram. See Makram ‘Ebeid Ebionites, 929-930 on Incarnation, 1288 on the nature of Christ, 547 Eccage, 930 and abun, 30-3 1 and anointing the Ethiopian emperor, 141 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980 and power to ordain priests and deacons, 1021 role in Ethiopian Orthodox Church, 997 and Salama III, Ethiopian prelate, 1034 Ecclesiastes. See Old Testament, Coptic translations of the Ecclesiastical canons. See Canons, ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical hierarchy, 1229-1230, 2015-2016 Ecclesiastical history of Egypt late antiquity, 944-945 see also Patriarchs; specific names and issues Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius). See Historia ecelesiastica Ecclesiastical History (Evagrius Scholasticus), on Nestorius, 1786-1787 Ecclesiastical History (Rufinus), 2068, 2069 Ecclesiastical punishment. See Excommunication;Penalization Ecdicius Olympus (prefect), 2009 Echoi (oktoechos), 1735 Echos. See Music, Coptic: description; Music, Coptic: history Economy of Egypt in late antiquity, 945 of the Enaton, 956 monastic, 802, 1638-1645, 1662 Pachomian monastic, 1665 Qus as prosperous center,2043-2044 Ecthesis, 682, 931, 1667, 168 Edessa, Persian school of, 1962 Edicts. See name inverted Education, Coptic, 931-933 Clerical College (Cairo), 563-564 and Coptic Community Council, 582 and Jesuits in Egypt, 1330 reforms, 676, 1465 schools, 1488-1489 under Ottoman rule, 1465 see also Catechetical School of Alexandria; Christian religious instruction in Egyptian public schools; Clerical College; Clerical instruction; Higher Institute of Coptic Studies Education, Ethiopian, 997-998, 1591 Egerton Gospel, 933-934 Egypt administrative organization of,934-936 ancient funerary customs, 1125 Anglican Church in, 133 Coptic collections. See Coptic Museum (Cairo) Coptic equal rights movement, 1465-1466 Coptic period, 600 Copts and independence of, 1466 Copts in late medieval, 618-634 Diocletian era, 905-908 economy and monasteries in, 1643-1645 eighteenth-century politics, 1274 family life, 1086-1088 Franciscans in, 1121-1123 French expedition, 1284, 1416-1417 glassmaking, 1142 gods and religion, 1150, 1154, 1292 government under Romans, 2007-2009, 2022-2023 Greek presence and language use in, 1165-1169, 1174-1178, 1179-1181 Holy Family in, 1117-1118 Islamization of, 936-941 Kellia archaeological activity, 1406-1407 in late antiquity, 942-947 libraries, 1447-1449 links with Jerusalem, 1325 modern Coptic family life, 1088 modern era patriarchs, 1918-1919 modern political thought in, 1993, 2074-2075 monasticism’s origins in, 1661- 1664 mourning customs, 1686 Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty, 1691- 1694 mummification, 1696-1697, 2001-2003 music, 1732, 1739-1741 Muslim-Christian relations, 1098-1099 mythological subjects in Coptic art, 1751-1768 nineteenth-century administration of, 1141 nineteenth-century politics, 1636-1637 paganism and Christianity in, 1865-1870 pagarch system, 1871-1872 papyrology, 1888-1889 papyrus collections, 1891-1892 persecution of Christians in, 1936-1937; see also Martyrs; Persecutions Persians in, 1938-1940 personal status law in, 1941- 1943 pilgrimages to, 1968-1976 pilgrims and travelers in, 1975-1977, 2064, 2066 political parties in, 1986-1996 provincial organization of, 943-944, 2007-2009, 2022-2023 Roman emperors in, 2061- 2063 Roman policies in, 1167-1168 Roman taxation in, 2202-2206 Roman travelers in, 2064-2066 twentieth-century nationalism, 1515-1516 twentieth-century patriarchs, 1919 twentieth-century politics, 1627-1628, 1637, 1748 and veneration of Antony, Saint, 728 see also Arab conquest of Egypt; British occupation of Egypt; Flight into Egypt; Islam; Ptolemy dynasty; specific places and subjects Egypt Exploration Fund, 780 Egypt Exploration Society, 1893 Egyptian accounting. See Accounts and accounting, history of Coptic Egyptian Antiquities Organization, 768, 1299, 1300, 1418 Kellia excavations, 1406-1407 Egyptian Antiquities Service, 924, 1485 Egyptian Arabic vocabulary, Coptic influence. See Appendix Egyptian Christians, as “Copts,” 599-600 Egyptian Church Order, 454-455 Egyptian church order. See Apostolic Tradition Egyptian Communist Party, 1996 Egyptian Conference of Heliopolis (1911), 948, 1466, 1693-1694, 1988 and Egyptian national unity, 950-951 Egyptian Democratic Party (al-Hizb al-Dimuqrati al-Misri), 1989 Egyptian Institute, 1396 Egyptian Museum, Berlin, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1600, 1892 Egyptian Museum, Cairo, 4, 1700, 1899 papyri collections, 1891-1892 Egyptian Museum, Turin, 1598, 1601, 1894 Egyptian Museum of the Vatican, 1559 Egyptian national identity, 948-949 Egyptian national unity, 950-951 Egyptian Newsletter, 1628 Egyptian Party, 1988-1989 Egypt in late antiquity, 942-947 Egyptology and Coptology, 616 see also Coptological studies; Excavations; Scholars Eikoston, 951 Eirene (martyr), 1552, 1554, 1559 Elephantine, 951-952, 952 and Aswan, 294 castrum of, 467 ceramics of. See Ceramics, Coptic Elias (ascetic), 1663 Eliano, Giambattista, 952, 1329- 1330 Elias (biographer of John of Tella), 1674 Elias (martyr), 840, 1656 Elias, Apocalypse of, 165 Elias, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 44, 45, 1672, 1673 Elias of Bishwaw, Saint, 952-953, 1371, 2083 Elias the Eunuch (martyr), 1554 Elias of Jeme, Saint, 2083 Elias of Nisibis, collected works of, 1779 Elias of Samhud, Saint, 953, 2083 Elias of Scetis, Saint, 747-748 Elijah, Apocalypse of, 165 Elim, twelve springs of, 2050 Elisha, Prophet, 1646 Elizabeth, Saint, 102 Elkasites, 953-954, 1519 Elpidios of Tamiathis, Bishop, 925 Elpidius (martyr), 1554 Embroidery, 2214, 2218 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1149 Empaiat. See Mareotis Enanisho, 3 Enaton, the, 95, 101, 102, 129, 954-958, 957 Alexander II as monk at, 85 Basil of Oxyrhynchus on, 360 Christodoulus as monk of, 544 Damian at, 688, 689 foreign monks at, 956 hegumenos at, 1216 John II at, 1337 as laura of hermitages, 1224- 1225 monasteries, 1931 name derivation, 951 organization of, 955-956 Persian destruction of, 131 Peter IV as monk at, 1948 pilgrims and travelers to, 1976 proestos at, 2021 religious history of, 956-957 Theophilus, Saint, as monk at, 2253 and Victor as abbot of, 2301 Encomia, role in Coptic hagiography, 1196-1197 Encomium on the Archangel Michael (Peter I), 1946 Encomium of Benjamin (Agathon of Alexandria), 2032 Encomium of Claudius (Constantine of Asyut), 1192-1193 Encomium in Gabrielem Archangelum (Celestine I of Rome), 1136 Encomium in Philotheum, Miracula Philothei (Demetrius of Antioch), 893-894 Encomium of Theodorus Anatolius (Theodorus of Antioch), 2032 Encomium in Victorem (John Chrysostom), 893 Encomium of the Virgin Mary (Philip of Anatolia), 1956 Encratite, 958-959 Encyclopedias Coptic religious, 1267 Islamic law pertaining to Dhimmis, 1269-1270 theological, 1634-1635 England. See British headings; Great Britain Ennodius, Bishop of Ticinum (Pavia), 45 Enoch aprocryphal literature of,162-163 and Gabriel, Archangel, 1133, 1135 and Raphael, Archangel, 2053 Enoch, Saint. See Dayr Apa Jeremiah Enthronement of Abbaton (homily), 2 Entombment. See Good Friday Epacts. See Book of Epact Eparchy, 959, 2023 Vansleb list of, 686 Epetes (Coptic textile term), 2221 Ephesus, First Council of (431), 37, 48, 74, 127, 913, 959-960, 1453, 2033 Ephesus, First Council of (431) affirmed by Henoticon edict, 1217 on archdeacon rank, 191 and Armenian synod profession of faith, 234 and Celestinus deposition, 475 on Christology, 547, 1699 condemnation of Pelagianism, 1930 and Cyril I, 673 on divine maternity. See subhead on Theotokos Eutyches and, 1074-1075 Ibtu bishop at, 1275 Isidorus of Pelusium role, 1308 and John of Antioch, 1354 on the nature of Christ. See subheads Christology; on Theotokos on Nestorius, 1786 and Nicene Creed, 1116 and Oriental Orthodox churches, 1846 participants, 1089, 762 Pseudo-Macarius and, 2027 and Shenute, Saint, 2131-2132 Tarnut bishop at, 2202 Theodoret and, 2236 on Theotokos, 244, 270, 525, 528, 542, 547, 2255 Tinnis bishops at, 2269 and Victor of Tabennese, 2308 and Zeno, Emperor, 2370 see also Nestorians and Copts Ephesus, Second Council of (449), 515, 913, 914, 915, 961-962, 1075, 1947-1948, 2236 and Chalcedon, Council of, 512-513 and hypostatic union, 1262 Ephesus, Third Council of (476), 962 Ephraem. See Mercurius and Ephraem Ephraem the Syrian. See Abraham, Saint and Patriarch Ephraem Syrus, Saint, 963, 2083 collected homilies of, 1778 on Eastern orientation during prayers, 1846 on incense use, 1472 Theotokia texts ascribed to, 1726 Epiclesis, 120-121, 125, 964, 1566 and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1250 during confirmation, 586 Epigraphy. See Inscriptions Epigraphy of the Kellia. See Kellia Epima, Apa, on glass communion vessels, 1146-1147 Epima, Saint, 965, 1554 Epimachus and Gordian (martyrs), 1554 Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint, 835, 902, 965-966, 1089, 1554 Epima of Pshante, Saint, 824 Epimarchus of Arwat, Bishop of Pelusium, 835 Epiphania, Saint, 2083 Epiphanius (hermit), 800-801 Epiphanius (monk of Jerusalem), 749 Epiphanius, Canons of. See Canons of Epiphanius Epiphanius of Salamis, Bishop of Cyprus, 1456, 1534, 1638 feast day, 2083 and Gospel of Philip, 1156 and John Chrysostom, 2250-2251 on marriage, 1543 on Nativity date, 1103 patristic writings, 1921 see also Dayr Epiphanius Epiphany, Feast of the, 1102, 1103 and agricultural calendar, 441 Epiphany, liturgy of the, 967-968 Epiphany tanks, 968 Episcopacy. See Bishop Episcopal churches. See Anglican Church in Egypt Epistemun (Epistamon) (martyr), 1553, 1558 Epistle of Barnabas, 898 Epistle on the Eight Modes of Speech (al-Marsafi), 1994 Epistles of Clement, 898 Epistles of Dionysius the Great, 911-912 Epistolography, 968-972 Arabic correspondence, 970-971 of Athanasius I, 2008 correspondences of bishops, 400-402 of Ignatius of Antioch, 1281- 1282 of Isidorus of Pelusium, 1309-1310 letters, of Ammonas, 113, 150 letters of Antony of Egypt, 150 letters of Dionysius, 911-912 of Murqus al-Mashriqi al-Mallawani, 1700 of Pachomius, Saint, 1863 of Peter I, 1944, 1945, 1946 of Pisentius, Saint and Bishop of Qift, 1979-1980 of Theodoret, 2236 see also Epistles; Letters headings Epistula Ammonis. See Letter of Ammon Epistula apostolorum, Coptic translations, 1451 Epistula fundamenti (Mani), 1521 Epitome (Hippolytus), 1235-1236 Epitrachelion, 1476 Epiuse. See Epima, Saint Equal rights movement, Coptic, 1465-1466 Era of Diocletian, in the Coptic calendar, 434, 972 Era of the Incarnation, in the Coptic calendar, 434 Erai. See Ter and Erai (martyrs) Era of the Martyrs, 972 in the Coptic calendar, 434 and Diocletian’s ascension, 908 Eremika. See Pempton Erescentius Alexander, 81 Erichsen, Wolja, 972-973 Eric VII, King of Denmark, 1130 Eriokártes (Coptic textile term), 2221 Erman, Adolf, 973, 1165, 1965, 1966 and Boeser, Pieter Adriaan Art, 405 and Cerny, Jaroslav, 511 and Crum, Walter Ewing, 661 and Sethe, Kurt Heinrich, 2121 Esaias. See Prayer of Esaias Eschatology, 973-974 Esdras, 22 see also Old Testament, Arabic versions of the Esna. See Isna Estifanos, Ethiopian saint, 1053-1055 Estifanosites, 984-985 Etheria (Egeria) on feast of the Ascension, 1105 on incense use, 1472 Ethiopia, see also Ethiopian headings Ethiopia anointment of emperor, 140-141 Axum as capital, 312-313 Christian conversion, 312-313 Franciscan prefecture in, 1122 Haile Selassie I, Emperor of, 1197-1199 and Mamluks and Copts, 1517 Menelik II, Emperor of, 1590-1591 Metropolitan See of, 1613, 1614 and Saladin, 1536 twentieth-century government, 1394 Ethiopia francescana (Somigli and Montano), 1122 Ethiopian art, Coptic influence on, 975 Ethiopian Christian literature, 975-978 on the Assumption, 290 and Salama II, Ethiopian prelate, 1011-1012 Synaxarion, 2190-2191 Ethiopian church autocephaly, 547-548, 980-984, 1040-1044, 1909 catholicos title, 475 and Cyril II, Patriarch, 676 and Cyril VI, Patriarch, 678 eccage under, 930 Egyptian Coptic church relations, 1394 and Gabriel II, Patriarch, 1129 and Gabriel V, Patriarch, 1130-1131 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 selection of own patriarch, 1911 Ethiopian heresies and theological controversies, 984-987 role of Bartalomewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1012- 1013 role of Zar’a Ya‘qob, 1052-1053 Ethiopian liturgy, 987-990, 997-998 Ethiopian monasticism, 990-994 claims for Dayr al-Sultan, 872-874 Coptic church and Dayr al-Muharraq, 841 Isaac as abuna, 722 Lalibala community, 1425-1426 monks in Egypt, 747-748, 765, 841 Rule of Pachomius use, 1862 Ethiopian Orthodox church, 30, 995-998 canon of Scripture, 2108, 2109 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 “Ethiopian” pharaohs. See Kush, Empire of Ethiopian prelates, 999-1044, 1570 abuna title, 153 and Athanasius I, 300 Ethiopian saints, 1044 - 1055 and Ashmun church, 285 Ethiopian Synaxarion on, 2191 see also Ethiopian monasticism Etymology. See Appendix Eucharist, 1056-1061, 1715 ablution in, 9 and absolution prayers, 16, 17 altar, 106 celebration at beginning of each month, 1112 Didache on, 898, 899 epiclesis limited to, 964 Gloria in excelsis and, 1147 Liturgy of Saint Mark, 1539 and Lord’s Prayer, 1480-1481 Manichaean, 1520 Mass of the Catechumens, 1562-1565 Mass of the Faithful, 1565-1568 Maundy Thursday and, 1107 preparation in pastophorium, 216 reception in the apse, 200-201 rite of fraction in, 1121 Trisagion introduced into, 2017 use in antimension, 144 water into wine miracle and, 1107 see also Communion; Excommunication; Sacrament, reservation of the blessed Eucharistic bread, 1062, 1062, 1472-1473 baked at Bayt al-‘Ajin, 372 leavened vs. unleavened, 1060-1061 seals for marking, 2336 Eucharistic bread basket. See Liturgical instruments Eucharistic bread trough. See Eucharistic bread Eucharistic fast, 1063 Eucharistic literature, 121-125 Eucharistic veils, 1063-1064, 1252, 1472 Eucharistic vessels and instruments, 1064-1066 cruet, 1472 deacon’s role, 885 role of Eucharistic veils, 1063-1064 see also Antimension Eucharistic wine, 1066, 1472 Eucherius, Saint, 2231, 2303 Euchologion, 1066-1067 see also Mark, Liturgy of Saint Euchologion stand, 1067 Euctemon, Bishop (Smyrna), 890 Eudamon (martyr), 233, 1554, 1558 Eudocia, 2033 Eudorus, 1149 Eudoxia. See Benjamin and Eudoxia (martyrs) Eudoxia, Empress, 1067, 1618 and the Assumption of Mary, 292 and council on Theophilus, Patriarch, 2250-2251 and John Chrysostom, 667, 1357, 2250, 2251 Eugenius. See Eusignius (martyr) Eugenius IV, Pope, 1119 Eugenius, Agathodorus, and Elpidius (martyrs), 1554 Eugnostos the Blessed and The Sophia of Jesus Christ, 897, 1068- 1069, 1301 Euhemerism, 1867 Eulogius (Chalcedonian), 126 Eulogius (martyr), 831, 1554 Eulogy of Origen (Gregory Theodorus), 1848 Eumenius, Saint and Patriarch, 1069, 1618, 2083 dates of patriarchy, 1914 Eunapius and Andrew (martyrs), 1555 Eunomius, 114, 115, 141, 142 Eunomius of Cyzicus, 230, 1959 Euphemia, Saint (martyr), 1073, 1111, 1555, 1617, 1618 Euphemia, Saint. See Epiphania, Saint Euphrasia, Saint, 2083 Euphrosinus, 1881-1882 Euphrosyna, Saint, 1069, 2083 Eupropious (martyr), 1554 Euripides, 1889 European art. See Art, Coptic influence on European Eusebius (Tall Brother), 113 Eusebius, Bishop of Armenia, 1619 Eusebius, Saint (martyr), 1069-1070, 892, 1555 Eusebius of Caesarea, 83, 1070-1071, 1489 on Abgar legend, 8 on Abilius, Saint, 8 and Arianism, 230, 232, 1791 and Arius, 230, 231 and Basilides, 356-357 on candles, 446 on canonization, 449 canons of, 32 and Christianity in Ansina (Antinoopolis), 142 on Constantine the Great’s vision of the Holy Cross, 1243-1244 and Constantine’s edict, 944-945 on Decius, 889 on Easter designation, 1104 on epistles of Dionysius the Great, 911-912 and “godly monarch” concept, 1957 Historia ecclesiastica continued by Jerome, Saint, 1323 and Jerome, Saint, 1323 on Judas Cyriacus, 1377 on Mark, Saint, 1530 on martyrdoms, 1548-1549 on Melito of Sardis, 1585 on Nativity date, 1103 and Nicaea, Council of, 83 on Origen, 893, 1071, 1846, 1851, 1853 on Origen’s Hexapla and Tetrapla, 1227 and Pamphilus, Saint, 1071, 1879 on Pantaenus’ mission to India, 892 on patriarchal election, 1911 patristic writings, 1920, 1921 on persecution of Christians, 906-908 on Psalms, use of, 448 Rufinus’ translations of, 2068 on subordinationism, 2157 see also Historia ecclesiastica Eusebius of Dorylaeum, Bishop, 913, 914, 962, 1074 Eusebius Hieronymus. See Jerome, Saint Eusebius of Nicomedia, Bishop and Arianism, 84, 231, 298, 299, 1790 and Lucian of Antioch, 1484 Eusebius of Pelusium, Bishop, 1089 Eusegnius. See Eusignius Eusignius, Saint (martyr), 1071-1072, 1555 Eustathius, Bishop of Sebaste (Armenia), 1138 Eustathius the Greek. See Astasi al-Rumi Eustathius and Theopista, Saints, 1072-1073, 1555 Eustathius of Thrace, 1073 Euthymius (Tall Brother), 113 Eutyches, 45, 1074-1075, 1671, 1672, 1674, 2033 and Apollinarianism, 174 and Ephesus, Second Council of, 913, 914, 961-962, 1670 and Ethiopian theology, 984 on Incarnation, 1288 and Justinian’s edict, 1674 and Leo I the Great, 1440-1441 on nature of Christ, 524-525, 1669-1670, 2267 and Nestorianism, 913, 1074-1075, 1440-1441, 1786 Eutychius. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id Evagrius (prefect under Theodosius), 2009 Evagrius Ponticus, 113,120, 1076-1077, 1453, 1490, 1976, 2020 and costume of the religious, 650 as desert father, 894 on the eight capital vices, 463 and Encratite view of body, 958-959 and Isaiah of Scetis, 1306 on Isidorus of Pelusium, 1308 and John Colobos, Saint, 1359 and Kellia and Nitria communities, 1397, 1796 and Macarius the Egyptian, 1491 manuscript in Paris, 1779 Palladius as disciple of, 1876, 1877 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264 Evagrius Scholasticus (536-600), on exile of Nestorius, 1786-1787 Evangeliary, 1077-1078 Evangelical Church, Coptic. See Coptic Evangelical Church Evangelical Theological Seminary, Cairo, 603 Evangelist, 1078 animal symbols of, 244-247, 247, 1812 see also Missionaries Eve. See Adam and Eve Evelyn-White, Hugh Gerard, 1078, 1449 on Dayr Anba Helias on Dayr Apa Antib, 770 on Dayr al-Arman, 782 on duplicate monasteries, 714 and identification of Kellia site, 1397 and identification of Nitria site, 1794-1795 and identity of Hor, 1254 on Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1316 on Pidjimi, Saint, 1966, 1967 Evening Offering of Incense, music with, 1719, 1721, 1725 Evetts, Basil Thomas Alfred, 1078, 1462 Evil, Origen on, 1849 Evodius of Rome, 1078-1079 cycle of, 667-668 Ewer. See Basin and ewer Ewostatewos, Ethiopian saint, 1050- 1051 Ewostatewosites, 985 Excavations Abu Mina, 24-29, 1394 Abusir al-Malaq, 37 Abusir (Taposiris Magna), 34, 35, 36 Abydos, 38-42 Ahnas, 73, 74-75 ‘Alam Shaltut, 80 Alexandria, 96-97, 1180 ‘Amriyyah (Maryut), 118, 118 Antinoopolis, 145, 146-148, 1933, 1961, 2049 al-‘Araj, 190 archives, 226-227 al-Ashmunayn, 74, 2090 Bawit, 74, 256, 363-364 Clysma, 565 Coptic glass evidence, 1143, 1144 Coptic mummies, 1697 Coptic sculptures in stone, 2112-2113 dating of Coptic monuments, 693-694 Dayr Abu Halbanah, 700 Dayr Abu Jirja, 1527 Dayr Abu Lifah, 704 Dayr Abu Matta, 706 Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 708-709 Dayr Anba Abshay (near al-Tud), 719 Dayr Anba Shinudah, 766, 768 Dayr Apa Jeremiah, 773-776, 777, 778, 1143, 2040 Dayr Apa Phoibammon, 13, 779, 780-781 Dayr al-Bala‘yzah, 786-787 Dayr al-Baramus, 792 Dayr al-Barshah and Dayr al-Nakhlah, 795 Dayr al-Dik, 798, 847 Dayr Epiphanius, 800-80 1 Dayr Harmina, 808 Dayr al-Janadlah, 705 Dayr al-Kubaniyyah, 815-816 Dayr al-Madinah, 817 Dayr al-Malak Mikhai’il, 824 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 825-826 Dayr al-Midinah, 1620 Dayr Mustafa Kashif, 842 Dayr Nahya, 843 Dayr al-Naqlun, 846 Dayr al-Nasara (Antinoopolis), 847 Dayr al-Qusayr, 853 Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Dayr al-Saqiyah, 861 Dongola, 922 al-Duwayr, 928 the Enaton, 101 Faras, 1091-1092 Fayyum Gospel fragment, 1100 French, 693, 694-695, 724, 924, 927 al-Fustat, 188 Hajir Idfu, 1200 Hawwariyyah, 1211-1212 inscriptions, value of, 1291 Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1315-1316 Karanis, 1390 Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 139 1-1392 Karnak, 1392-1393 Kellia, 1398-1407, 2103, 2104-2105 Khash al-Qu‘ud, 1658 Khirbat al-Filusiyyah, 1414 At Kom al-Dikka, 90, 97, 116-118, 116, 117, 118 Kom Namrud, 1418 Luxor temples, 1485 Madamud, 1494-1495 Madinat Ghuran, 1651 Madinat Habu, 1496-1497 Madinat Madi 1498 Memnonia, 1586 Menarti, 1588 monastery of Saint Menas, 707 mural painting examples, 1872-1873 Naj‘ al-Hajar, 1773-1774 in Nubia, 1185, 1804-1806, 2071, 2142; see also Nubian archaeology, medieval; Nubian ceramics; Nubian Christian architecture; Nubian Christian survivals; Nubian church art; Nubian inscriptions, medieval; Nubian monasteries as nucleus of Louvre Coptic section, 1481 at Oktokaidekaton monastery, 118 of Oxyrhynchus Papyri, 1857- 1858 papyrology, 1888-1889 papyrus discoveries, 1898-1900 Pbow, 1927-1929 pottery kilns, 481-482 Qasr Ibrim, 2037 Qurnat Mar‘i, 2041, 2042 Sai Island, 2080-2081 Saqqara, 74 at Soba in ‘Alwa, 2141-2142 Tall Atrib, 1620 Tall al-Farama, 1090 Upper Egypt, 1668-1669 Wadi al-Rayyan, 2311 Wadi Sarjah, 2312 Wadi Shaykh ‘Ali, 2312-2313 see also Ceramics, Coptic; Ceramics of the late Coptic period; Costume, civil; Society of Coptic Archaeology Excommunication, 1079-1080, 1931 and anathema, 55 and audientia episcopalis, 308 and clerical instruction, 565 Exegesis on the Soul, 898, 1080-1081 and Authentikos logos, 309 and Encratites, 958-959 and Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 Exhibitions of Coptic art. See Museums The Exhortation to Martyrdom (Origen), 1847 Exodus to Sinai, 1976 Exorcism pilgrimages and, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974 Pisentius, Saint and Bishop of Qift, powers, 1979 Raphael, Archangel, role in, 2053 Exoucontians, 1081-1082 Exultate Deo, 1119 Exuperantius, Saint, 1082, 1555, 2057, 2232 Eye diseases, 1579, 1581 Ezekiel, Anba, 748, 861, 1923-1924, 1925 Ezekiel of Armant, Saint, 2083 Ezekiel Tragicus, 1150 Ezr (catholicus of Armenian church), 1666 Ezra, Apocalypse of, 165
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Entry Title | Index D-E Volumes 1-7 |
Publication | The Coptic encyclopedia, volume 8 |
Entry Reference | CE: Index D-E Volumes 1-7 |
Creator | Atiya, Aziz Suryal, 1898-1988 (editor-in-chief) |
Contributors | Atiya, Aziz Suryal, 1898-1988 (editor-in-chief) |
Subject |
Copts Encyclopedias and dictionaries Indexes |
Description | [Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372] D_______________________ Dabamun (martyr), 1554 Dabbah, Al-, Dayr al-Malak, 822 Dabra Libanos, eccage title, 930 Dabra Metmaq. See Dayr al-Maghtis Dado, Saint, 1151-1152 Daff (musical instrument), 1738 Daf‘ al-Hamm (Elias of Nisibis), 1779 Dahlak, 685 Dahshur, 685, 1653 Daidasa (martyr), 1554 Dakhlah Oasis, monasteries at, 706, 822, 1658 Dalas, 685 Dalasina (martyr), 1553 Dalmatic, 647-648 Dalusham (martyr), 730 Damallu, 686 Damanhur, 686-687 bishops of, 9 15-916 martyrs, 1554 Damanhuri, Shaykh Ahmad, al-, 687 Damanhur Shubra, Dayr Yuhanna at, 882 Damanhur al-Wahsh, 688 Damascius, 1221, 1222 Damasus I, Pope (Rome), 1323, 1947 Damian, Saint (martyr). See Cosmas and Damian Damian, Saint and Patriarch, 688-689 Anastasius as successor, 125 Benjamin I and policies of, 376 churches dedicated to, 716-717 and Constantine of Asyut, 592 Coptic texts of, 1455 dates of patriarchy, 1915 and the Enaton, 956 feast day, 2083 Jacob Baradaeus on, 13 19 and John of Parallos, 1368 and John of Shmun, 1369 Pisentius consecrated by, 1979 Damiana. See Dimyanah Damnas (martyr), 1554 Damru, 689-690, 1652 patriarchal seat at, 1912, 1959 visited by Christodoulus, 545 Danabiq, al-. See Tambuq Dancers Coptic art depictions, 537, 1755-1757, 1756 Coptic embroidery, 2223 resist-dyed tapestry, 2228 tapestry with busts of, 277, 2230 woven textile, 2226 Dandarah, 553, 690-691, 691, 1657 martyrs of, 1554 monastic murals at, 1874 pharaonic-style temples at, 1865 D’Andilly, Arnaud, 894 Dan’el, Ethiopian prelate, 1002 Danfiq (village), 1922 D’Anglure, Baron, 1977 Daniel (Old Testament), 22, 1618 Apocryphal Apocalypse of, 165 see also Daniel in the Lion’s Den; Three Hebrews in the Furnace Daniel, Hegumenos of Scetis, 125 Daniel in the Lion’s Den depicted in Coptic art, 384-385 Gabriel, Archangel, and, 1135, 1136, 1137 Daniel and Moses (hermits), 691-692 Daniel of Scetis, Saint, 692, 1648, 2083 and legend of Mark the Simple, 1540-1541 Daniel the Stylite, 1671 Daphne, depicted in Coptic art, 1753-1754, 1754, 1757-1758, 1758 Daqadus, 692 pilgrimages to, 1970, 1971 Daqahlah, 693, 2270 Daqahliyyah Province, monasteries, 1648-1649 Daraj al-Haykal. See Architectural elements of churches Darb al-Hin, 687 Daressy, Georges Emile Jules, 693 Dar al-harb, 72 Dar al-Islam, 72-73 Darraj, Ahmad, on Egyptian persecutions of Christians and Jews, 1130 Darwat Sarabam. See Dayr Abu Sarabam Dasyah (martyr), 1554 Dating (Coptic monuments and artifacts), 693-694 Dayr Anba Bakhtim (al-Sawam‘ah Sharq), 731 gravestones, 1293-1294 Kellia excavations, 1400, 1401, 1407 sculpture in stone, 2112-2113, 2117 textiles, 255, 257 Daughters of Saint Mary (Bani Suef), 2325 Daumas, François, 694-695, 1316 David (martyr), 1554 David at court of Saul, Coptic art depiction, 385 Dawlah, Al-. See Mu’taman Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-‘Assal Dawuid, Ethiopian sovereign, 1570 Dawud, Qustandi, 1466 Dawud-Shah, Syrian patriarch, 878 Day of Atonement (Old Testament), 306, 1101 see also Atonement Day of Judgment. See Judgment, Last Dayr, al-, 695, 856, 1657, 1648, 1658 see also Monasteries; specific monasteries Dayr Abirun, 695-696, 1650 Dayr Abu Anub (Nub), 696 Dayr Abu Bagham. See Dayr Abu Bifam Dayr Abu Banukh. See Dayr Abu Lifah Dayr Abu Bifam (Asyut), 696, 697, 1654 Dayr Abu Bifam (Samalut), 696-697 Dayr Abu Bifam (Tima), 697 Dayr Abu Daraj, 697-698, 728, 1649 Dayr Abu Fanah, 698-700, 699, 1654 apse of, 196 Dayr Abu Halbanah, 700 see also Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal Dayr Abu Hinnis (Mallawi), 701-703, 701, 794, 1654 and Christian subjects in Coptic art, 533 inscriptions found at, 1292 John Colobos, Saint, and, 1360 murals, 270, 1874 representation of military costumes at, 650 seal for stamping eucharistic bread, 1062 Dayr Abu Hurmus, 1652 Dayr Abu Ishaq (Abnub), 703, 1655 Dayr Abu Ishaq (Fayyum). See Dayr al-Hammam Dayr Abu Ja‘ran, 1651 Dayr Abu Jirja, 927, 1527-1528 Dayr Abu al-Lif, 703-704, 1656 Dayr Abu Lifa, 704, 1644, 1650 Dayr Abu Maqrufah, 704-706, 1654 Dayr Abu Matta (Dakhlah Oasis), 706 Dayr Abu Mina (Maryut), 706-707, 724, 1527 Dayr Abu Musa, 40, 707, 1656, 1680 Dayr Abu Musa al-‘Aswad, 708 Dayr Abu Musha, 708, 1654 Dayr Abu al-Ni‘na’. See Dayr Abu Hinnis Dayr Abu Nub (Dayr Apa Anub), 770, 1654 Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 708-709 and excavations by Zaki Yusef Saad, 2017 and Simon I, 2139 Dayr Abu al-Sadir, 797 Dayr Abu Sarabam (Minya), 709-710, 718, 1654 Dayr Abu al-Sari, 797 Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Akhmim). See Akhmim Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Nag Hammadi). See Dayr Anba Palaemon Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Old Cairo), 710-711, 1427, 1647, 1973 Bayt al-Nisa’ location, 373 churches, 320 as convent, 2325 Epiphany tank use, 968 murals, 1875 pilgrimages to, 1972 see also Church of Abu Sayfayn Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Qus), 711, 1657 Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Tamwayh), 711-712, 1652 Dayr Abu Shinudah. See Dayr Anba Shinudab (Fayyum) Dayr Abu Surrah (Asyut region), 1655 Dayr al-Abyad (Armant). See Dayr al-Matmar Dayr al-Abyad (Suhaj). See Dayr Anba Shinudab (Suhaj) Dayr al-‘Adawiyyah, 712-7 13, 1535, 1653 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Akhmim), 78, 79, 80, 700, 713, 713, 823, 833, 836, 865, 927, 1654, 1655 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Asyut), 714, 927, 1655 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Fayyum), 714, 808, 1650 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (near Bayad al-Nasara), 714 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (near Jabal al-Tayr), 715, 715, 717 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Qift). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut), 715-716 Dayr al-Ahmar (Giza), 716-717, 1652 Dayr al-Ahmar (Suhaj). See Dayr Anba Bishoi Dayr al-‘Ajamiyyin (Fayyum), 1651 Dayral-‘Amil, 1651 Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Cairo). See Babylon Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Jabal Abu Fudah), 717 Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Luxor), 717, 1656 Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Muna al-Amir), 718 Dayr Anba Abshay (Abu Tij), 718-719, 1654, 1978 Dayr Anba Abshay (near al-Tud), 719, 1657, 2030 Dayr Anba al-Abyad. See Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj) Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 719-728, 724, 725, 726, 727, 841, 869, 871, 877-878, 1122, 1532, 1615, 1658, 1875 and Athanasius III, 303 Basilios II at, 358 Basilios III at, 358 Byzantine-influenced art at, 241, 242, 275 as center of Eastern Desert monasteries, 1649 chronology, 721-723 Cyril IV and, 677, 1035 and Dayr Anba Bula, 741 and Dayr al-Mayun, 838 described by Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 2299 difnar found at, 1728 and Ethiopian monks, 2191 food supplied from Bush, 427 Gabriel VI, Patriarch, as monk in, 1133 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, death at, 1134 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, restoration of, 1133, 1134 hisn at, 1237 history, 720-721 and homily on Saint Justus, 668 Dayr Anba Antuniyus, John XV at, 1347 Dayr Anba Antuniyus John XVI at, 1348 John XVIII at, 1350 layout of, 723-725 Macanus III retreat to, 1489 manuscript on life of Paul of Tamma at, 1925 Mark VII as monk at, 1538 Marqos III, Ethiopian prelate, from, 1022 Marqus al-Antuni chapel at, 1699 Matewos, Ethiopian prelate, from, 1039 Matthew I as deacon at, 1569 Menas, Saint, at, 1589 Ottoman impact on, 1857 painting of Abraham and Isaac at, 383 papyri collection, 1892 Peter VII at, 1950 and Petros I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001-1002 pilgrims and travelers to, 1976-1977 pillage of, 720, 722 region of, 728 role in Coptic education, 932 scriptorium of, 2108 and Theophilos I, 2247 and Timotheos I, 2262 and Yacobos II, 2349 Yeshaq I, Ethiopian prelate at, 1008 and Yusab II, 2363 Dayr Anba Antuniyus (Qift). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Anba Bakhum, see also Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu); Dayr al-Shuhada’ Dayr Anba Bakhum (Abydos), 40, 729, 1680 Dayr Anba Bakhum (Barjanus), 729 Dayr Anba Bakhum (Medamud; al-Madamud), 729-730, 1657 Dayr Anba Bakhum (al-Sawam‘ah Sharq), 78, 730-731, 731 Dayr Anba Bidaba, 731-732, 1656 Dayr Anba Bisadah, 78, 731, 732-733, 733, 883, 1657, 1973, 2030 Idfa location, 1280 Dayr Anba Bishoi (Barshah-Minya). See Dayr al-Barshah Dayr Anba Bishoi (Scetis), 734-736, 735, 736, 749, 876, 879, 883, 884, 1623, 1972, 2029, 2103, 2104, 2105 keep construction, 1395-1396 pilgrimages to, 1970 Pshoi of Scetis relics at, 2029 refectories, 735-736, 2056 restored by Benjamin II, 377 Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj), 736-740, 1654, 1875, 2117 apse of, 196 architectural sculpture and paintings, 739-740, 764, 770 buildings, 740 history, 736-738 inscriptions found at, 1291 murals, 1875 Pococke visit, 1349 Dayr Anba Bula, 741-744, 743, 744, 878, 1653, 1875, 1925 Bulus al-Bushi and, 423 as center of Eastern Desert monasteries, 1649 and Coptic art, 390, 541 food supplied from Bush, 427 Gabriel VII, Patriarch, restoration of, 1133, 1134 historical landmarks, 741 inscriptions, 1292 and John XVII, 1348 and John XIX, 1351 Mark VII as monk at, 1537-1538 old church, 742-744 paintings at, 1659 papyri collection, 1892 Peter VI at, 1949 pilgrims and travelers to, 1976-1977 travelers’ reports on, 722, 741, 742 Dayr Anba Daryus, 744, 840, 848, 1658, 2358 Dayr Anba Hadra, 744-747, 746, 851, 855, 870, 919, 1190, 1295, 1657 ambulatory of, 195 art and murals, 541, 747, 1874 church architecture, 554 inscriptions found at, 1291, 1293, 1295 keep construction, 1396 octagon-domed church at, 1823 refectory, 2056 see also Hadra of Aswan, Saint Dayr Anba Helias (Naqadah), 747 Dayr Anba Helias (Wadi al-Natrun), 747-748 Dayr Anba Hiziqyal (Armant), 748 Dayr Anba Maqar, 12, 20, 37, 307, 748-756,749, 750-756, 789, 790-791, 808, 824, 825, 835, 927, 1122, 1397, 1491,1533, 1571, 1615, 1616, 1625, 1972 Abraham and George of Scetis at, 12-13 Agathon of Alexandria at, 66 Agathon the Stylite at, 69 art depicting Daniel at, 384-385 Benjamin I canon for, 376 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 931-932 as center of Coptic ecclesiastical culture, 1459 and Christodoulus, 545 consecration of oil (myron) at, 770 and Cosmas I, 636 and Cosmas II, 636 and Cyril I, 671 and Cyril II, 675 and Demetrius II, 892 encomium on Gabriel, Archangel, in codex of, 1136 Ephraem Syrus, Saint at, 963 Gabriel I at, 1127 Gabriel II at, 1128 Garden of the Monks daily readings at, 178 Giyorgis I, Ethiopian prelate at, 1006 grave of Sawiros, Ethiopian prelate, at, 1006 hisn at, 1237 History of Joseph the Carpenter manuscript at, 1373 illuminated manuscript, 1284 Isaac, Patriarch, as monk at, 1303 Islamic-influenced Coptic art, 1311 Jacob, Saint at, 1318 James of Scetis at, 1321 and John I, 1337 and John III, the Merciful, 1337 and John IV, 1338 and John VI, 1342 and John of Parallos, 1367 and John of Scetis, 1362 keep construction, 1395-1396 Kha’il I at, 1410 Kha’il II burial site, 1412 library, 1449 Macarius I as monk at, 1487 Macarius II as monk at, 1487 manuscript on life of Paul of Tamma at, 1924, 1925 Mina I as monk at, 1631 Mina II as monk at, 1632 Onophrius, Saint, portrayed at, 1842 Ottoman impact on, 1857 papyri collection, 1892 as patriarchal residence, 1912 Peter V and, 1948, 1949 Philotheus as monk at, 1959 rebuilding of, 1535 relics of forty-nine martyrs of Scetis at, 1121 relics of Ishkirun, Saint, at, 758 relics of John Colobos at, 1361 relics of Mark, Apostolic Saint at, 376, 1532 reliefs of, 275 revival of, 755-756 Shenute I at, 2133 synod at, 360-361 and tafsir, 2198 and Testaments of the Patriarchs, 163-164 and woman monk Nabdunah, 1769 and Yuhanna, Bishop, 2355 Yusab I at, 2362 Zeno, Emperor, endowment of, 749, 1462 Dayr Anba Matiyas. See Dayr al-Fakhur Dayr Anba Orion, 12 Dayr Anba Palaemon, 757, 822, 1657 Dayr Anba Pisentius, 757, 819, 1656 Dayr Anba Ruways. See Dayr al-Khandaq Dayr Anba Samu’il (Naqadah). See Dayr al-Sanad Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 130, 758-760, 806, 845, 1615, 1650 Isaac of Qalamun and, 1304 keep construction, 1396 relics from Birma, 392 and Wadi al-Rayyan, 2311 Dayr Anba Sawirus (Asyut), 760-761, 927, 1615, 1654 Dayr Anba Shinudah. See Dayr al-Salib Dayr Anba Shinudah (Fayyum), 1651 Dayr Anba Shinudah (Qus), 1657, 1658 Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj), 60, 69, 705, 708, 734, 736, 737, 761-770, 767, 804, 836, 884, 1092, 1654, 1679, 1875, 1908, 1921, 1968, 1969 Agathonicus of Tarsus treatises at, 69-70 Alexander Romance fragment found at, 2059 apse of, 196 architecture, 617, 766-769, 767, 768 art, 617 assets, 1641, 1642 Besa, Abbot, 378-379 codex on Gabriel, Archangel, at, 1136 codex of Gregory of Nyssa at, 1184-1185 codex on Heraclides, Saint, at, 1220 codex of Theodosius of Jerusalem at, 2242 codices on John of Lycopolis at, 1365 codices on Raphael, Archangel, at, 2053 Coptic sculpture in stone, 2117 Coptic text of prayer from Apostolic Tradition (Hippolytus) at, 1235 Coptic texts at, 1452-1453, 1456; see also specific names Coptic translations of Old Testament at, 1837-1838 cultic niches at, 553 deuterarios of, 895 and Hamai of Kahyor, Saint, 1204 history, 761-765 inscriptions at, 1291, 1292, 1448 khizanahs at, 1414 and legend of Eusignius, Saint, 1071-1072 and legend of Panine and Paneu, 1880 library, 1448, 1452 manuscript on Eustathius of Thrace at, 1073 manuscript of Evodius of Rome homily at, 1078-1079 manuscript fragments of John Chrysostom at, 1358 manuscript of History of Joseph the Carpenter at, 1373 manuscript on life of Paul of Tamma at, 1925 manuscript mention of Gregory of Nazianzus at, 1183-1184 manuscript on Philip of Anatolia at, 1956 and miracles of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592 Pamin, Saint, honored at, 1878 Paphnutius celebrated at, 1882 papyrus collection, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895 papyrus discoveries, 1900 Pococke visit to, 1349 Seth as archimandrite of, 2121 Shenute as archimandrite of, 2131-2133 Shenute iconography at, 538-539, 539 Thomas, Saint, typika at, 2256 and Victor of Tabennese, Saint, 2308 visited and described by Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 2299 Zenobios burial site at, 2371 Dayr Anba Yuhannis, Kiha’il II as monk at, 1412 Dayr Andarawus. See Dayr Abu al-Lif Dayr Apa Agenios, 1657 Dayr Apa Anub (al-Ashmunayn). See Dayr Abu Nub Dayr Apa Anub (Wadi al-Natrun), 770 Dayr Apa Apollo. See Bawit Dayr Apa Hor (Sawadab), 770-771, 1974 Dayr Apa Hor (Siryaqus), 771-772 Dayr Apa Ishaq (Isna), 772, 1656 Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Damietta). See Monasteries of the Daqahliyyah Province Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Jirja), 1657 Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Saqqara), 34, 262, 718, 772-779, 918, 1587, 1642, 1649, 1653, 1888 archaeology, 773-776, 777, 778, 2040 archimandrite at, 193 architectural sculpture, 776-777, 776, 1753; see also subhead sculpture in stone art at, 389, 2004; see also related subheads art depicting Abraham and Isaac, 383 and Byzantine influences on Coptic art, 241 and Christian subjects in Coptic art, 532-533 Coptic glass excavations, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146 deuterarios at, 895 founder of, 193, 532-533 frescoes of Virgin Enthroned at, 542, 543 fresco of Onophrius, Saint, at, 1842 hall from in Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 608 hegumenos title used at, 1216 and Hor, 1254 inscriptions found at, 1291, 1293 murals, 1875 musical instruments, 1739, 1740 paintings, 777-779, 1659, 1660 proestos at, 2021 sculpture in stone at, 2117 stelae from, 2149 Dayr Apa Macarius. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Apa Nob. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Apa Phoibammon, 779-781, 786, 857, 918, 1093, 1656, 1657, 1874 Abraham of Hermonthis as abbot of, 13 ancient correspondence found at, 400-401 archives of, 226, 227 excavations directed by Bachatly, Charles, 323 library, 1448 papyri collection, 1891 Pisentius of Qift as monk at, 1979 Dayr Apa Psote. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Apa Sergius. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Apa Thomas, 781, 1655, 1654 Dayr al-‘Arabah. See Dayr Anba Antuniyus Dayr al-Arba‘i Shahid (Dayr Theophilus), 1658 Dayr Ard al-Hajiz, 927 Dayr Arganus. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr al-Arman, 782 Armenian inscriptions, 1290 Dayr Arsaniyus. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr al-‘Asal (Minyat Bani Khasib), 782, 784, 1654 Dayr Asfal al-Ard, 95, 782-783, 1646 Dayr al-‘Askar, 783, 818, 837, 871, 1649, 1652 Dayr ‘Atiyyah, 782, 784, 1653, 1655 Dayr al-‘Awanah (Asyut), 784, 1655, 1971 Dayr al-‘Ayn. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah) Dayrayn (village), 1652 Dayr al-‘Aysh. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il Dayr al-‘Azab (Fayyum), 784-785, 1650, 1651 Abraam I, Saint, gravesite, 10 Dayr Azilun. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr Babilun al-Daraj, 1647 Dayr al-Badla. See Dayr al-Maymun Dayr al-Baghl. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr al-Bahri. See Dayr Apa Phoibammon Dayr al-Bakarah. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Jabal al-Tayr); Dayr al- ‘Adhra’ (Samalut); Dayr Mar Mina (Jabal Abu Fudah) Dayr al-Bakhit (Luxor), 728, 779, 785-786, 849, 1655, 1656 Dayr Bakhum (Akhmim), 1655 Dayr Bakhtim (Idfu). See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il Dayr al-Bala‘yzah, 50, 786-787, 1073, 1389, 1539, 1654 refectories of, 2056 Dayr al-Ballas (Qift), 787-788, 1656 Dayr Balujah, 788, 1654 Dayr Bamwiyyah, 1651 Dayr al-Banat, 788-789, 789, 1647, 1651 church of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1594 as convent, 2325 Dayr Banub. See Dayr Abu Nub Dayr al-Baramus, 7, 10, 12, 789-794, 790, 791, 792, 1395-1396, 1576, 2103, 2105 Abraam I at, 10 architecture, 791-794, 792, 793, 2056 Christodoulus at, 544 and Cyril V, 677, 1693 and Cyril VI, 678 and Dayr Abu Musa al-‘Aswad, 708 Isidhurus at, 1307 John XIV at, 1347 John XVI at, 1347 John XIX at, 1351 Matthew III at, 1571 Matthew IV at, 1571 Moses the Black’s relics at, 1681 and reconstruction of Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 759, 760 Scetis location, 2102, 2105 sculpture in stone at, 2113, 2116-2117 Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, at, 1001 Yuhanna al-Maqsi at, 2358 see also al-Baramusi, Father Antonios Dayr Barjanus. See Dayr Anba Bakhum (Barjanus-Minya) Dayr al-Barshah and Dayr al-Nakhlah, 771, 794-796, 1255, 1654 Dayr Bawlos. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Bayt Isus. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr bi’l-Habash, 796 Dayr al-Bisrah (Busrah) (Asyut), 796-797, 1655 Dayr Bisuis. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr Bu Bagham, 927 Dayr Bu Magham. See Dayr Abu Bifam (Tima) Dayr Buqtur of Shu, 797-798, 811, 1655 Dayr Bu Sawirus, 927 Dayr Butrus Wa Bulus. See Dayr al-Qasriyyah Dayr Colluthus. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Dhat al-Safa, 1651 Dayr al-Dik, 798-799, 847, 1654 and Christian subjects in Coptic art, 533 foundations of, 146 Dayr Dimushiyyah, 1651 Dayr Disya, 1651 Dayr Durunkah, 799, 855, 856, 1654 pilgrimages to, 1970 Dayr Ebifania, 800 Dayr Epiphanius, 800-802, 817, 857, 1078, 1656 church at Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qurnah, 2128 inscriptions found at, 1291 mummification, 1697 Pisentius archives at, 1456 wall inscriptions, 689 weaving, 1641 Dayr al-Fakhuri, 802-805, 803 804, 1653, 1656, 1875, 2056 Dayr al-Ganadlah, 1654 Dayr al-Ghanayim, 805, 1658 Dayr Ghubriyal, 805, 1658 Dayr al-Habash, Peter V burial at, 1949 Dayr al-Habis (Monastery of the Hermits), 38 Dayr al-Hadid, 805, 1653 Dayr al-Hajar, 806, 1658 Dayr al-Hamamah. See Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Qus) Dayr Hamas. See Dayr al-‘Awanah Dayr al-Hamidat, 1109 Dayr al-Hammam (Dayr Abu Ishaq), 37, 806-807, 1650 Dayr al-Hanadah. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr al-Haraqal. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr Harmina (Asyut), 808, 1655 Dayr al-Hawa. See Dayr al-Nasara (Antinoopolis); Dayr Sunbat Dayr Helias. See Scetis Dayr Ibsidiyyah. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr al-Ikhwah, 808, 1651 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ as duplicate of, 714 John III at, 1337 Dayr Isidorus. See Dayr al-Madinah Dayr Isus. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr al-‘Izam (Monastery of the Bones) (Asyut), 809-810, 809, 842, 1654 Dayr Jabal al-Tayr. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut) Dayr al-Jabrawi (Asyut), 114, 810-812, 811, 812, 853, 1653 Dayr al-Janadlah. See Dayr Abu Maqrufah Dayr al-Jaradawi, 788 Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha), 813, 1972 Dayr al-Jawli, 814 Dayr al-Jazirah (Monastery of the Island). See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Dayr Jimyanah. See Dayr Sitt Dimyanah Dayr al-Jizaz. See Dayr al-Sanad Dayral-Ju‘, 814, 1654 Dayr al-Jud. See Dayr al-Mayun Dayr al-Jummayzah. See Dayr Anba Antuniyus; Dayr al-Maymun Dayr al-Kahmas. See Dayr al-Ballas Dayr Karfunah, 927 Dayr al-Karram. See Dayr Nahya Dayr Katreh. See Dayr al-Shalwit Dayr al-Khadim, 145, 814, 860, 861 Dayr al-Khandaq, 23, 814-815, 1517, 1647 Anba Ruways buried at, 129 contemporary patriarchal residence at site of, 1913 Gabriel VI buried at, 1133 Matthew I tomb at, 1570 relics of Mark, Apostolic Saint, at, 1532 Dayr al-Kharbah, 1655, 1656 Dayr Kharfunah. See Dayr al-Muttin Dayr al-Khasab. See Dayr al-Naqlun Dayr al-Kubaniyyah, 815-816, 816, 851, 1657 ambulatory of, 195 and church architecture in Egypt, 554 octagon-domed church at, 1823 Dayr al-Kulah. See Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah) Dayr Kyriakus. See Dayr Epiphanius Dayr al-Madinah, 816-818, 857, 1620, 1656, 1874 Cerny, Jaroslav, and, 511 and costume of the religious, 653 excavated under du Bourguet, Pierre, 414 Dayr al-Ma’dudi. See Dayr Abu Halbanah Dayr al-Madwid. See Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal Dayr Magharat Shaqalqil, 1974 Dayr al-Maghtis, 818-819, 870, 1649, 1652 destroyed during patriarchate of John XI, 1345 Zar’a Ya‘qob’s grief at destruction of, 1053 Dayr al-Majma‘, 757, 819-821, 1656 Dayr al-Malak, 822, 1657 Dayr al-Malak al-Bahri (Cairo). See Dayr al-Khandaq Dayr al-Malak (Dakhlah Oasis), 822, 822 Dayr al-Malak Ghubriyal. See Dayr al-Naqlun Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Akhmim), 78, 823, 823, 1655, 1974 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Fayyum), 713, 815, 820, 821, 824, 865 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Fayyum), papyrus collection, 1899 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu), 825, 1656 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 825-826, 1657 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Maraghah), 826, 1654 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Naj al-Dayr), 826-827, 827 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Naqadah), 827 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah), 827-828, 828, 1656, 1658 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qina), 1656, 1657 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qus), 1656, 1657, 1658 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (al-Rayramun), 828-829, 1654 Dayr Manawus. See Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Isna) Dayr Mansur. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu) Dayr Maqrufiyus, 705 Dayr Mar Buqtur (Jeme). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Mar Buqtur (Naqadah). See Dayr al—Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah) Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah), 554, 829-830, 830, 1656, 1657 Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qus). See Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Qus) Dayr Mar Hanna. See Dayr al-Tin Dayr Mar Jirjis (Dimiqrat), 830-831, 1650, 1656 pilgrimages to, 1972 Dayr Mar Jirjis al-Hadidi, 78, 713, 831-833, 1657 Dayr Mar Jirjis (Naqadah). See Dayr al-Majma’ Dayr Mar Kyriakos, 1657 Dayr Mar Mina (Gharbiyyah), 707, 833, 1652 Dayr Mar Mina (Hiw/Nag Hammadi), 717, 833-834, 1656 Dayr Mar Mina (Ibyar), 1652 Dayr Mar Mina (Jabal Abu Fudah), 834 Dayr Mar Murqus al-Rasuli. See Qurnat Mar‘i Dayr Marqurah, 1654 Dayr Marquryus. See Dayr Abu Sayfayn (Cairo); Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu) Dayr Mar Stefanos, 1657 Dayr Mart Maryam, 835, 1655 Dayr Mar Tumas, 78, 835-836, 835 Dayr al-Matmar, 836-837, 836, 1656 Dayr Matra, 837 Dayr Mawas. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr al-Maymah (Gharbiyyah), 783, 837-838, 871, 1652, 1649 Dayr al-Maymun, 838-839, 839, 1653 pilgrims and travelers to, 1977 restoration of, 1134 Dayr al-Mazall, 843 Dayr al-Mightas, 871 Dayr Mikha’il al-Qibli, 927, 1647 Dayr Minyat Tanah. See Dayr al-Maghtis Dayr al-Misaykrah, 839-840, 840 Dayr al-Muharib. See Dayr al-Amir Tadrus (Luxor) Dayr al-Muharraq, 784, 840-841, 1118, 1654, 1736 Abraam I, Saint, vows at, 10 Clerical College at, 564 Ethiopian monks at, 765, 1039, 2191 Gabriel IV as monk at, 1130 Gabriel VII restoration of, 1134 icons of Astasi al-Rumi at, 294 Iqladiyus Labib and, 1302 Isidhurus, Bishop, at, 1307 John XII at, 1346 John XIII at, 1346 keep construction, 1395 manuscript on Macrobius at, 705 and Matewos, Ethiopian prelate, at, 1039 Matthew I at, 1569 pilgrimages to, 1969 Dayr al-Muharraqah, 841-842, 1653 Dayr Musa. See Dayr Sitt Dimyanah Dayr Mustafa Kashif, 842, 1658 Dayr al-Muttin, 842-843, 1654 Dayr Nahya (Giza), 843, 1652 Dayr al-Nakhlah. See Dayr al-Barshah and Dayr al-Nakhlah Dayr al-Namus (Armant), 844, 1656 Dayr al-Naqlun, 758, 788, 845-846, 1650, 1651 pilgrimages to, 1972 Yuna (Jonas) of Armant at, 2358 Dayr al-Nasara (Antinoopolis), 847, 1654 confused with Dayr al-Dik, 798 foundations of, 146 Dayr al-Nasara (Armant), 847-848, 1656 confused with Dayr al-Misaykrah, 839-840 Dayr al-Nasara (Asyut), 848 Dayr al-Nastur, 712, 796, 848, 862, 1647 Theodosius II buried at, 2242 Dayr Nujtuhur. See Monasteries in the Province of Qalyubiyyah Dayr al-Numurah. See Dayr Anba Bula Dayr al-Nuzhah, 1647 Dayr Onophrios. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr Pampane. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr Papnute. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Patermuthius. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Pei-Isus. See Dayr al-Jarnus (Maghagha) Dayr Philemon. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr Philuthawus. See Dayr al-Nastur Dayr Pisentius (Luxor). See Monasteries of Upper Egypt Dayr Pisentius (Naqadah). See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Naqadah) Dayr Posidonios, 849, 1656 Dayr al-Qalamun. See Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun Dayr Qamulah al-Qibli. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah) Dayr al-Qasanun, 1653 Dayr al-Qasriyyah, 849-850, 1653 Dayr Qattan, 1658 Dayr Qibriyus, 850, 1646 Dayr al-Qiddis Yuhannis. See Dayr al-Saqiyah Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 850-852, 851, 852, 1657 octagon-domed church at, 1823 Dayr Qurnat Mar‘i. See Qurnat Mar‘i Dayr al-Qurqas, 78, 852, 1655 Dayr al-Qusayr, 853, 1653, 1654 Murqus ibn Qanbar at, 1699 octagon-domed church at, 1823-1824 Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah), 853-855, 855, 1395, 2358 Dayr al-Rahibat, 1647 Dayr Rifah, 1654 Dayr al-Ris, 1658 Dayr al-Rum, 1680 Dayr al-Rumaniyyah, 856, 1657 Dayr al-Rumi, 729, 856-857, 1656 Dayr al-Rusul. See Monasteries of the Middle Sa‘id Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal, 78, 700, 852, 857-858, 1655 Dayr Sabrah. See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il Dayr al-Safsafah. See Dayr al-Sab‘at Jibal Dayr Saft al-Khammar. See Dayr ‘Atiyyah Dayr al-Salib, 703, 704, 858-860, 859, 1656 Dayr al-Sanad, 860 Dayr Sannuris, 1651 Dayr al-Sanquriyyah, 860-861, 1653, 1974 Dayr al-Khadim link with, 814 Dayr al-Saqiyah, 861, 1656 Dayr Anba Hiziqyal link with, 748 Dayr Sawadah. See Dayr Apa Hor (Minya) Dayr Saylah. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Fayyum); Dayr al-Hammam Dayr al-Shahid Philuthawaus (Jirja), 861-862 Dayr al-Shahid Tadrus al-Muharib, 862, 862 Dayr al-Shahid Tadrus (Qamulah). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr al-Shahid Tadrus (Qift). See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Dayr Shahran, 862-863, 1570, 1653 and Barsum the Naked, Saint, 348-349 burial of Benjamin II at, 378 Mark IV as monk at, 1536 Peter V as abbot of, 1948 Dayr al-Shalla, 788, 1651 Dayr al-Shalwit, 863, 864, 1656 hermitages found nearby, 1225 Dayr al-Sham‘, 863, 865, 1652 Paphnutius the Hermit death and relics at, 712, 1883 Dayr al-Shaykhah. See Dayr al-Kubaniyyah Dayr al-Shayyatin (Monastery of the Demons), 863 Dayr Shubra Kalsa, 1652 Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Akhmim), 78, 713, 823, 865-866, 866, 1655 Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Isna), 772, 866-870, 867, 870, 1656, 1875 pilgrimages to, 1972 Dayr Sim‘an, 870 see also Dayr Anba Hadra Dayr Sitt Dimyanah, 40, 79-80, 79, 707, 729, 818, 819, 838, 870- 872, 871, 1649, 1652, 2325 Christian altars, 107 churches of, 713, 757 pilgrimages to, 1968, 1969 Dayr al-Sultan (Jerusalem), 358, 872-874, 1327 and Ceremony of the Holy Light, 1248 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 and Matewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1039 represented at Florence, Council of, 1119 Dayr Sunbat, 875-876, 1654 Dayr al-Suryan, 23, 107, 791, 876-881, 883, 884, 1532, 1646, 2105-2106 art at, 527, 1311, 2195 church altar, 107 church architecture, 554 Dayr Anba Bishoi counterpart, 734 Gabriel VII as priest in, 1131 Isidhurus as abbot at, 1307 Islamic-influenced Coptic art, 1311, 1311 khizanah in church at, 1415 library, 1449 and Makari al-Suryani, 2091 pilgrimages to, 1972 and Shenouda III, 2130 and Simon I, 2138 Syriac inscriptions, 1290 DayrTadrus, 1647, 1654 DayrTasa, 881, 1351, 1655, 1971 Dayr al-Tayr. See Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Jabal al-Jayr) Dayr Theophilus, 1658 Dayr al-Tin, 796, 881-882, 1647 Dayr al-Tinadah. See Dayr Abu Bifam (Asyut) Dayr Ton Ethiopon. See Dayr al-Muharraq Dayr Turah. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr al-Turfah, 882 Dayr Umm ‘Ali. See Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Dayr al-Wustani. See Dayr al-Shuhada’ Dayr Yuhanna (Damanhur Shubra), 882 Dayr Yuhannis (al-Minshah), 883, 1657 Dayr Yuhannis Kama, 883, 1412 Dayr Yuhannis al-Qasir (Asyut). See Dayr al-‘Izam (Asyut) Dayr Yuhannis al-Qasir (Wadi al-Natrun), 883-884 Dayr al-Yunan. See Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah) Dayr al-Zakawah, 1651 Dayr al-Zawiyah, 884, 1654 Dayr al-Zaytun (Sharunah), 2128 Dayr al-Zujaj. See Enaton, the Days, epagomenal (intercalary), 439 Days of the week Saturday, 2098-2100 Sunday, 2159-2160 Days of the year, Abraxas, 14 Dayumidis. See Diomede (martyr) Dayut, Dayr Abu Sarabam in 709-7 10 Day of worship. See Sabbath Deacon, 885-886 apostles and, 2015 Didascalia on, 899 fan use by, 1473 and laying-on of hands, 1432 and liturgical music, 1719, 1721, 1729, 1737, 1738 and liturgical vestments, 1477, 1478 musical role, 1910 origination of rank, 885, 886-887 place in ecclesiastical hierarchy, 1229, 2016 ritual book for, 1729, 1737 see also Subdeacon Deacon and archdeacon, ordination of, 886-888 Deaconess, 888 Didascalia on, 899 Dead, prayer for the, 889 Dead Sea Scrolls of the Essenes, 1148 De anima et resurrectione (Gregory of Nyssa), 1184-1185, 1958 Death funerary murals, 1873 gnosticism on, 1156 mourning customs, 1686 mummification, 1696-1697, 1865 mummy labels, 1698 netherworld, 1499 prayer for the dead, 889 tombstone inscriptions with lamentations, 1293-1294 see also Afterlife; Burial rites; Cemeteries; Funerary customs; Martyrs; Mummification; Stela; Tombs Debt. See Law of obligations Decius (martyr), 1554, 1559 Decius, Emperor, 889-891 Encomium of Claudius on persec,utions of, 1193 and martyrdom of Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592 patriarch under, 1914 persecutions under, 909, 911, 1868, 1936 successor, 2298 Decius, governor of Turicum (Zurich), 1082, 1110, 2057 and martyrdom of Exuperantius, Saint, 1082 Decoration, Coptic interlacing motif, 251-252 De deitate Filii et Spiritus Sancti (Gregory of Nyssa), 1184 Defense of Origen (Eusebius and Pamphilus), 471, 1071, 1879 Defensor ecclesiae, 891 De fide (Agathonicus of Tarsus), 69, 70 Defrocking of priests, 891, 1931 De haeresibus, 71 Deir Omali. See Dayr al-Rtimaniyyah De Legatione ad Gaium (Philo of Alexandria), 1956 Delehaye, H., as Coptic hagiographer, 1191 Della Valle, Pietro. See Pietro delle Valle Demel, H., 815 Demetrius I, Patriarch, 891-893, 1471, 1866, 1999, 2083 and baptism of Dionysius the Great, 909 Book of Epact, 409-411 dates of patriarchy, 1914 on Easter date-setting, 1104 encomium in honor of, 1117 and Heraclas, Saint, 1219 marital chastity of, 1543 and nuns, 1822 and Origen, 470, 609, 1219, 1847, 1851, 1855 and orthodox Christianity in Egypt, 1222 and Pantaenus, 1881 recognition of Coptic fasts, 1094 Demetrius II, Patriarch, 713, 893 Demetrius II, Patriarch and Atnatewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1037 and Cyril V, Patriarch, 677 dates of patriarchy, 1919 election of successor, 1911 and founding of Coptic school at Asyut, 2197 and Sa‘d Mikha’il ‘Abdu, 2073 Tadrus al-Mashriqi as historian of, 2197 Demetrius of Antioch, 894-895, 1961 and Cycle of John Chrysostom and Demetrius, 667, 1358 and John Chrysostom, 1358 in Nubian liturgy, 1816 and Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2305, 2306-2307 Demon possession and healings in Coptic community, 1212-1214 James, Saint, power to exorcise, 1320 Paul the Simple’s power over, 1923 Demons, depiction in Coptic art, 370-371, 385-386 Demosthenes, 1889 Demotic writing, 1169 De Nativitate (Demetrius of Antioch), 894 Dendera. See Dandarah Den Heijer, J., 1573 Denis of Paris, Saint, 908 Denmark, Coptic collections, 1703 De placitis Manichaeorum (Alexander of Lycopolis), 87-88 Deposit. See Law, Coptic: Private Law De principiis (Origen), 1847, 1852, 1853-1854, 1855 De processione Spiritus Sancti (Anselm of Canterbury), 1113 Derdekeas, 1901-1902 Dermataus of Pemje, Saint, 2083 Dermatawus. See Patermuthius, Saint A Description of the East and Some Other Countries (Pococke), 1983 Description de l’Egypte (Villoteau), 1742, 1977 Desert. See Caves; Hermits; Kellia; Monasteries of the Eastern Desert; Monasteries of the Western Desert; Nitria; Oasis; Scetis Desert fathers, 894 Ammonius of Kellia, 113-114, 894 Apophthegmata patrum on, 177-178 Armenian settlement, 234 Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240-241 and British Isles Christian converts, 417-418 Copres, Saint, on, 598 exclusion of women, 1663 John Colobos, Saint, 1359-1361 Onophrius, Saint, 1841 see also Asceticism; Anchoresis; Monasticism, Pachomian De spiritu et littera (Saint Augustine), 1930 De trinitate (Augustine), 1114-1115 Deuterarios, 895 Deuterocanonical books. See Apocryphal literature Dévaud, Eugène Victor, 895 Devil iconography of, 247-248, 249 renunciation in baptismal liturgy, 339-340 see also Antichrist; Demon possession; Satan “Devil traps”, 1508 De viris illustribus (Saint Jerome), 1920, 1921 Dhimmis. See Ahl al-Dhimmah Diaconia, 209, 895-896, 1826 Diadems, marriage, 1544 Dialects. See Appendix Dialogue of the Savior, 897-898 Diapolis Magna. See Karnak; Luxor Diatonic progression, 1721-1722, 1722 Dictionaries Arabic-French, 1284-1285 Armenian, 1424 Coptic, 614, 661, 1424, 2107, 2145 Copto-Arabic, 34, 1267, 1302, 1748 Greek, 1227 see also Appendix; Coptological studies; Grammars Didache, 179, 180, 898-899 on absolution, 17 on confession, 584 hosanna in, 1258 on immersion, 1285-1286 Didascalia, 898, 899-900 Arabic translation, 20 as basis for the Apostolic Constitutions, 179 and bishops, 394 copied by Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273 on Eucharistic fast, 1063 on Holy Communion on Saturday, 2098 on the seven canonical hours, 446-448 on use of candles in church, 445 Didaskaleion (Alexandria), 231 Didius Julianus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 “Didymian Comma” (musical tonal interval), 1731 Didymus the Blind, 900, 1448, 1876, 1885 anathematization, 1076-1077 anti-Manichaeism, 1522 Antony of Egypt and, 150 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 100-101, 470, 471, 564, 931 Coptic liturgy authorship, 1733 and filioque justification, 1115 and identity of Heraclides in Passion, 1220-1221 and Origen, 1855 and papyrus discoveries, 854, 1899 translated by Jerome, Saint, 1323 Didymus Institute for the Blind, 564, 1737, 2091 Didymus of Tarshjebi, Saint, 2083 Dier. See Dayr Diethart, J. M., 2022 Difnar, 63, 900-901, 1728, 1986 and celebration of Suriel the Trumpeter, 2160 and the Copto-Arabic Synaxarion, 2174 on flight into Egypt, 1117-1118 and watus, 2320 Digamy, 901, 1544-1545 Dikaion, 901-902 Dikhaylah, al-. See Enaton, the Dikirnis, 1649 Dimayrah, 902-903 Dimiqrat. See Dayr Mar Jirjis (Dimiqrat) Dimyanah, Saint, 819, 838, 871 icon of, 1279 see also Dayr Sitt Dimyanah; Dimyanah and her forty virgins Dimyanah and her forty virgins, 903, 1087, 1554, 2324 Din, Fu’ad Siraj, al-, 1991 Dinushar, 903 Diocletian, Emperor, 24, 55, 93, 904-908, 1485 and Alexandria, 96 Anatolius under, 128 and beginning of Byzantine era in Egypt, 942 and dating of Coptic artifacts, 694 and destruction Qift, 2038 and George, Saint, 1139–1140 and Great Persecution, 88, 379, 730, 845, 903, 919, 1424, 1489, 1548, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1865, 1869, 1936-1937, 1943, 1944, 1960-1961, 1963-1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 2031 impact on Greek language and culture in Egypt, 1167-1168, 1171, 1179, 1180 Justus, Saint, on, 1386 Manichaeism edict, 1521 and martyrdom of Apaiule and Tolemaeus, Saints, 153 and martyrdom of Ascla, Saint, 283 and martyrdom of Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint, 965 and martyrdom of Epima, Saint, 965 and martyrdom of Hesychius, Saint, 1226 and martyrdom of Nabraha, Saint, 1770 and martyrdom of Olympius, Saint, 1840 and martyrdom of Shenufe, Saint, 2130 martyrdoms under, 1305, 1307; see also subhead Great Persecution; specific martyrs and martyrdom of Ter and Erai, Saints, 2209 and martyrdom of Theban Legion, 2231 and martyrdom of Til, 2261 and martyrdom of Tolemaus, Saint, 2271 and martyrdom of Victor of Solothurn and Geneva, Saint, 2302 and martyrdom of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2303 and martyrs at al-Bahnasa, 330 military reforms of, 236-237 patriarch under, 1914 persecutions chronicled by Eusebius of Caesarea, 1069-1070, 1071 and Psote of Psoï, 203 1-2032 reforms of, 135, 236-237, 943, 2007-2008, 2009, 2022-2023 Socrates as historian of, 2142 and taxation reforms, 135 and Theban Legion, 2231 Theodotus of Ancyra on, 2243 Theonas patriarchy and initial tolerance of Christianity by, 2245-2246 visits to Egypt by, 2063, 2066 Diocletian Era, 434, 972 Diocletianopolis. See Qus Diodora (martyr), 1553 Diodore of Tarsus, 174, 1672, 2017 Diogenes, 1944, 1958 Diolkos, 461, 908 Diomede (martyr), 1554 Dionysiaka (Nonnos of Panopolis), 1759, 1799, 1865 Dionysian Era of the Incarnation, in the Coptic calendar, 434 Dionysius (anchorite), 1650 Dionysius, Antiochene Patriarch of Syria, 1534 Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth (circa 170), 908 Dionysius the Areopagite, 908-909 Dionysius Exiguus (Scythian monk), 1103, 1906 Latin translation of Life of Pachomius by, 1861 Dionysius the Great, Patriarch, 81, 909-912, 1638, 1934, 1936 and burial, 425-426 and Catechetical School of Alexandria, 472, 2245 dates of patriarchy, 1914 on Easter observance date, 81, 912, 1905 epistles to Basilides, 1612 and Heraclas, Saint, 1219 and homoousion concept, 1253 on Mareotis, 1526 on martyrdoms, 1549 and Origen, 1851 and persecutions of Decius, Emperor, 890, 1936 poetry on, 1985, 1986 successor, 1574-1575 Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite, on censer use, 1472 Dionysus (pagan deity) depicted in tapestry, 2222, 2224 depiction in Coptic art, 73, 1758-1760, 1759, 1760 Dioscorus I, Saint and Patriarch, 93, 912-915, 1583, 2033 and Chalcedon, Council of, 512-515, 1673, 1786, 1787, 2236 Christology, 524-525, 1699 Coptic texts on, 1455 dates of patriarchy, 1915 encomium on Macarius, 400, 1882 and Leo I the Great, 1440, 1441, 1442 on nature of Christ. See subhead Christology and Peter III Mongus, 1947 sainthood and feast day, 2083 supported by monks at the Enaton, 956 support for Eutyches’s anti-Nestorianism, 961-962, 1074-1075 and Timothy II Aelurus, 2264 Dioscorus II, Patriarch, 915 and Acacian schism, 45-46 dates of patriarchy, 1915 Dioscorus, Bishop of Damanhur, 113, 686, 915-916 Dioscorus and Aesculapius (martyrs), 1554 Dioscorus of Aphrodito, 916, 1644, 1731 archives of, 226 as exponent of Greco-Coptic society, 946-947, 1168, 1178, 1181 Dios, Saint, 912, 1120, 1554 Diptychs, 1567 Dira’ Abu al-Naja, plateau of, 786 Disciples. See Apostles; specific disciples Discourse against Arius and Sabellius (Didymus), 900 Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth, 916-917 Diseases. See Communion of the sick; Black Death; Healings in Coptic literature; Medicine; Plagues; Unction of the sick Dishes. See Missoria; Tableware Dispute with the Cilicians (Agathonicus of Tarsus), 69 Dispute with Justin the Samaritan about the Resurrection (Agathonicus of Tarsus), 69 “A Dissertation on the Falsifications by Heretics of the Works of Origen” (Rufinus), 2068 Dissolution of marriage. See Divorce; Marriage; Personal status law Divine Liturgies of Coptic Orthodox Church, 120-121 Divine Logos. See Christ, nature of; Logos Divinity of Christ. See Christ, nature of Divjak, Johannes, and Pelagianism, 1930 Divorce, 1119, 1462 civil regulations, 1088 Coptic justifications for, 1542, 1543 Coptic law on, 1088, 1428, 1942-1943 Diyab, Tawfiq, 1990 Djeme papyrus collection, 780, 1895 see also Madinat Habu; Memnonia Djinkim. See Appendix Docetism, 917, 1583 and Cerinthus, 511 and Julian, Bishop, 1379 on nature of Christ, 547 Doctors. See Medicine, Coptic Doctrina apostolorum, 898 Dodekaschoenus Kingdom (Nubia) Greek language use, 1170, 1171 see also Nubia Dolls made of wood, 2340 for magical spells, 1509, 1510 Dolphins, as symbols, 1598, 2 166-2167, 2169 Dome, 209-210 Dominican Institute of Oriental Studies, Cairo, 918 Dominicans in Egypt, 918 Domitian, Emperor, 1375 Domitius, Saint. See Maximus and Domitius, Saints Domitius Celsus, Emperor, 906 Domnus, Archbishop of Antioch, 1074, 1670 Donation of children, 918-919 Donations, 1430 see also Law, Coptic: Private law Donatism, 919-921, 1935 Constantine I and, 589 Donatus, Bishop, 920-921 Dongola, 921-922 and Baqt Treaty, 343 basilica, 1807, 1808-1809, 1808 as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813 and Islamization of Nubia, 1803-1804 as medieval city, 1514 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1805 Nubian Christian architecture in, 1807-1809 visited by Ibn Salim al-Aswani, 1271 Doors, wooden, 2331-2333, 2332-2333 Doresse, J., 726, 849, 1899 Dormition of the Virgin Mary, Feast of the. See Theotokos, Feast of the Dorotheus (elder), and Gabriel, Archangel, 1127 Dorotheus (Theban ascetic), 1931 Dorotheus, Bishop of Isna, 772, 866 Dorotheus, Bishop of Pelusium, 1089 Dorotheus, Bishop of Thessalonica, 45 Dorotheus and Theopista, and Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 Doss Khillah family, 1991 Dotawo, 922-923 and Islamization of Nubia, 1803 and Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 and Nobatia, 1797 Nubian church organization at, 1813 and Nubian languages and literature, 1816 Qasr Ibrim as center, 2037 Double-entry bookkeeping, 54 Doxology, 923-924, 1727-1728 Gloria in excelsis, 1147 honoring Raphael, Archangel, 205 and sab‘ah wa-arba‘ah, 2071 and watus, 2321 Draguet, René, 924 Drawloom, 2216 Dream of Nectanebo (first Greek prose fiction), 1169 Drescher, James Anthony Bede, 924 Drioton, (Chanoine) Etienne Marie Felix, 924 Drovetti, B., 1894 Drum, 1738 Dualism, 1519, 1521 Dubernat, Father, 1330 Duchesne, Louis, 925 Duke Street (London). See Coptic Street Duke University, 1895 Duksar. See Porch Dulaurier, Jean Paul Louis François Edouard Leuge, 925 Du Mans, Belon, 1977 Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington, D.C., 1596, 1598, 1600, 1714 Dumerah. See Dimayrah Dumyat, 89, 925-926 bishops of, 1541-1542 Crusades and, 3 14-315 Dayr Apa Jeremiah, 1649 Franciscan friary, 1121, 1122, 1123 French governor, 1417 Metropolitan See of, 1613-1614 Dürer, Albrecht, 1532 Durr al-Thamin, al-, 431, 926 Durunkab, 926-927 Dayr Abu Bifam in, 697 monasteries in region, 799, 856 Dush, 927-928 Duwayr, al-, 928 Dyeing, in manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2214-2215 Dynamic Monarchians, 1637-1638 Dyophysites, vs. Monophysites in Alexandria, 97, 99, 101 E_______________________ Eagle, as Coptic art symbol, 2167-2169, 2170 Early History of the Christian Church (Duchesne), 925 Earrings, 1606, 1606 Earthquakes, 1487-1488 East, orientation toward the, 1846 East Bank. See Monasteries of the Upper Sa‘id Easter, 1104-1105, 1904 date-setting. See Book of Epact; Paschal controversy Didascalia on, 899 Dionysius the Great on, 912 Eusebius of Caesarea work on, 1071 Good Friday and, 1152-1153 Mark, Apostolic Saint, martyrdom on, 1531 Melito of Sardis homily on, 1585-1586 Proclus homily on, 2017 and Shamm al-Nasim feast day,2126 use of candles for, 446 Eastern Desert monasteries of the, 1649-1650 Rufinus history of hermits in, 2068 see also Scetis Eastern Orthodox churches and Acacian schism, 42-47 baptismal creeds, 178-179 canon of Scripture, 2108 Chalcedon, Council of, 1670, 1671, 1673, 1674 consubstantiation doctrine rejection, 597-598 fan use, 1474 Henoticon, 1671 Iconoclastic controversy, 1275-1276, 1277 Immaculate Conception doctrine repudiation, 1285 al-Istifham Ba‘d al-Istibham,1312-1313 and Leo I the Great, 1440-1442 Monophysite rift, 1669-1677 penance, conception of, 1932 see also Constantinople; Jerusalem; Oriental Orthodox churches Eastern Roman Empire. See Constantinople; Roman Empire Easter Sunday. See Easter; Paschal controversy ‘Ebeid, Makram. See Makram ‘Ebeid Ebionites, 929-930 on Incarnation, 1288 on the nature of Christ, 547 Eccage, 930 and abun, 30-3 1 and anointing the Ethiopian emperor, 141 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980 and power to ordain priests and deacons, 1021 role in Ethiopian Orthodox Church, 997 and Salama III, Ethiopian prelate, 1034 Ecclesiastes. See Old Testament, Coptic translations of the Ecclesiastical canons. See Canons, ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical hierarchy, 1229-1230, 2015-2016 Ecclesiastical history of Egypt late antiquity, 944-945 see also Patriarchs; specific names and issues Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius). See Historia ecelesiastica Ecclesiastical History (Evagrius Scholasticus), on Nestorius, 1786-1787 Ecclesiastical History (Rufinus), 2068, 2069 Ecclesiastical punishment. See Excommunication;Penalization Ecdicius Olympus (prefect), 2009 Echoi (oktoechos), 1735 Echos. See Music, Coptic: description; Music, Coptic: history Economy of Egypt in late antiquity, 945 of the Enaton, 956 monastic, 802, 1638-1645, 1662 Pachomian monastic, 1665 Qus as prosperous center,2043-2044 Ecthesis, 682, 931, 1667, 168 Edessa, Persian school of, 1962 Edicts. See name inverted Education, Coptic, 931-933 Clerical College (Cairo), 563-564 and Coptic Community Council, 582 and Jesuits in Egypt, 1330 reforms, 676, 1465 schools, 1488-1489 under Ottoman rule, 1465 see also Catechetical School of Alexandria; Christian religious instruction in Egyptian public schools; Clerical College; Clerical instruction; Higher Institute of Coptic Studies Education, Ethiopian, 997-998, 1591 Egerton Gospel, 933-934 Egypt administrative organization of,934-936 ancient funerary customs, 1125 Anglican Church in, 133 Coptic collections. See Coptic Museum (Cairo) Coptic equal rights movement, 1465-1466 Coptic period, 600 Copts and independence of, 1466 Copts in late medieval, 618-634 Diocletian era, 905-908 economy and monasteries in, 1643-1645 eighteenth-century politics, 1274 family life, 1086-1088 Franciscans in, 1121-1123 French expedition, 1284, 1416-1417 glassmaking, 1142 gods and religion, 1150, 1154, 1292 government under Romans, 2007-2009, 2022-2023 Greek presence and language use in, 1165-1169, 1174-1178, 1179-1181 Holy Family in, 1117-1118 Islamization of, 936-941 Kellia archaeological activity, 1406-1407 in late antiquity, 942-947 libraries, 1447-1449 links with Jerusalem, 1325 modern Coptic family life, 1088 modern era patriarchs, 1918-1919 modern political thought in, 1993, 2074-2075 monasticism’s origins in, 1661- 1664 mourning customs, 1686 Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty, 1691- 1694 mummification, 1696-1697, 2001-2003 music, 1732, 1739-1741 Muslim-Christian relations, 1098-1099 mythological subjects in Coptic art, 1751-1768 nineteenth-century administration of, 1141 nineteenth-century politics, 1636-1637 paganism and Christianity in, 1865-1870 pagarch system, 1871-1872 papyrology, 1888-1889 papyrus collections, 1891-1892 persecution of Christians in, 1936-1937; see also Martyrs; Persecutions Persians in, 1938-1940 personal status law in, 1941- 1943 pilgrimages to, 1968-1976 pilgrims and travelers in, 1975-1977, 2064, 2066 political parties in, 1986-1996 provincial organization of, 943-944, 2007-2009, 2022-2023 Roman emperors in, 2061- 2063 Roman policies in, 1167-1168 Roman taxation in, 2202-2206 Roman travelers in, 2064-2066 twentieth-century nationalism, 1515-1516 twentieth-century patriarchs, 1919 twentieth-century politics, 1627-1628, 1637, 1748 and veneration of Antony, Saint, 728 see also Arab conquest of Egypt; British occupation of Egypt; Flight into Egypt; Islam; Ptolemy dynasty; specific places and subjects Egypt Exploration Fund, 780 Egypt Exploration Society, 1893 Egyptian accounting. See Accounts and accounting, history of Coptic Egyptian Antiquities Organization, 768, 1299, 1300, 1418 Kellia excavations, 1406-1407 Egyptian Antiquities Service, 924, 1485 Egyptian Arabic vocabulary, Coptic influence. See Appendix Egyptian Christians, as “Copts,” 599-600 Egyptian Church Order, 454-455 Egyptian church order. See Apostolic Tradition Egyptian Communist Party, 1996 Egyptian Conference of Heliopolis (1911), 948, 1466, 1693-1694, 1988 and Egyptian national unity, 950-951 Egyptian Democratic Party (al-Hizb al-Dimuqrati al-Misri), 1989 Egyptian Institute, 1396 Egyptian Museum, Berlin, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1600, 1892 Egyptian Museum, Cairo, 4, 1700, 1899 papyri collections, 1891-1892 Egyptian Museum, Turin, 1598, 1601, 1894 Egyptian Museum of the Vatican, 1559 Egyptian national identity, 948-949 Egyptian national unity, 950-951 Egyptian Newsletter, 1628 Egyptian Party, 1988-1989 Egypt in late antiquity, 942-947 Egyptology and Coptology, 616 see also Coptological studies; Excavations; Scholars Eikoston, 951 Eirene (martyr), 1552, 1554, 1559 Elephantine, 951-952, 952 and Aswan, 294 castrum of, 467 ceramics of. See Ceramics, Coptic Elias (ascetic), 1663 Eliano, Giambattista, 952, 1329- 1330 Elias (biographer of John of Tella), 1674 Elias (martyr), 840, 1656 Elias, Apocalypse of, 165 Elias, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 44, 45, 1672, 1673 Elias of Bishwaw, Saint, 952-953, 1371, 2083 Elias the Eunuch (martyr), 1554 Elias of Jeme, Saint, 2083 Elias of Nisibis, collected works of, 1779 Elias of Samhud, Saint, 953, 2083 Elias of Scetis, Saint, 747-748 Elijah, Apocalypse of, 165 Elim, twelve springs of, 2050 Elisha, Prophet, 1646 Elizabeth, Saint, 102 Elkasites, 953-954, 1519 Elpidios of Tamiathis, Bishop, 925 Elpidius (martyr), 1554 Embroidery, 2214, 2218 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1149 Empaiat. See Mareotis Enanisho, 3 Enaton, the, 95, 101, 102, 129, 954-958, 957 Alexander II as monk at, 85 Basil of Oxyrhynchus on, 360 Christodoulus as monk of, 544 Damian at, 688, 689 foreign monks at, 956 hegumenos at, 1216 John II at, 1337 as laura of hermitages, 1224- 1225 monasteries, 1931 name derivation, 951 organization of, 955-956 Persian destruction of, 131 Peter IV as monk at, 1948 pilgrims and travelers to, 1976 proestos at, 2021 religious history of, 956-957 Theophilus, Saint, as monk at, 2253 and Victor as abbot of, 2301 Encomia, role in Coptic hagiography, 1196-1197 Encomium on the Archangel Michael (Peter I), 1946 Encomium of Benjamin (Agathon of Alexandria), 2032 Encomium of Claudius (Constantine of Asyut), 1192-1193 Encomium in Gabrielem Archangelum (Celestine I of Rome), 1136 Encomium in Philotheum, Miracula Philothei (Demetrius of Antioch), 893-894 Encomium of Theodorus Anatolius (Theodorus of Antioch), 2032 Encomium in Victorem (John Chrysostom), 893 Encomium of the Virgin Mary (Philip of Anatolia), 1956 Encratite, 958-959 Encyclopedias Coptic religious, 1267 Islamic law pertaining to Dhimmis, 1269-1270 theological, 1634-1635 England. See British headings; Great Britain Ennodius, Bishop of Ticinum (Pavia), 45 Enoch aprocryphal literature of,162-163 and Gabriel, Archangel, 1133, 1135 and Raphael, Archangel, 2053 Enoch, Saint. See Dayr Apa Jeremiah Enthronement of Abbaton (homily), 2 Entombment. See Good Friday Epacts. See Book of Epact Eparchy, 959, 2023 Vansleb list of, 686 Epetes (Coptic textile term), 2221 Ephesus, First Council of (431), 37, 48, 74, 127, 913, 959-960, 1453, 2033 Ephesus, First Council of (431) affirmed by Henoticon edict, 1217 on archdeacon rank, 191 and Armenian synod profession of faith, 234 and Celestinus deposition, 475 on Christology, 547, 1699 condemnation of Pelagianism, 1930 and Cyril I, 673 on divine maternity. See subhead on Theotokos Eutyches and, 1074-1075 Ibtu bishop at, 1275 Isidorus of Pelusium role, 1308 and John of Antioch, 1354 on the nature of Christ. See subheads Christology; on Theotokos on Nestorius, 1786 and Nicene Creed, 1116 and Oriental Orthodox churches, 1846 participants, 1089, 762 Pseudo-Macarius and, 2027 and Shenute, Saint, 2131-2132 Tarnut bishop at, 2202 Theodoret and, 2236 on Theotokos, 244, 270, 525, 528, 542, 547, 2255 Tinnis bishops at, 2269 and Victor of Tabennese, 2308 and Zeno, Emperor, 2370 see also Nestorians and Copts Ephesus, Second Council of (449), 515, 913, 914, 915, 961-962, 1075, 1947-1948, 2236 and Chalcedon, Council of, 512-513 and hypostatic union, 1262 Ephesus, Third Council of (476), 962 Ephraem. See Mercurius and Ephraem Ephraem the Syrian. See Abraham, Saint and Patriarch Ephraem Syrus, Saint, 963, 2083 collected homilies of, 1778 on Eastern orientation during prayers, 1846 on incense use, 1472 Theotokia texts ascribed to, 1726 Epiclesis, 120-121, 125, 964, 1566 and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1250 during confirmation, 586 Epigraphy. See Inscriptions Epigraphy of the Kellia. See Kellia Epima, Apa, on glass communion vessels, 1146-1147 Epima, Saint, 965, 1554 Epimachus and Gordian (martyrs), 1554 Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint, 835, 902, 965-966, 1089, 1554 Epima of Pshante, Saint, 824 Epimarchus of Arwat, Bishop of Pelusium, 835 Epiphania, Saint, 2083 Epiphanius (hermit), 800-801 Epiphanius (monk of Jerusalem), 749 Epiphanius, Canons of. See Canons of Epiphanius Epiphanius of Salamis, Bishop of Cyprus, 1456, 1534, 1638 feast day, 2083 and Gospel of Philip, 1156 and John Chrysostom, 2250-2251 on marriage, 1543 on Nativity date, 1103 patristic writings, 1921 see also Dayr Epiphanius Epiphany, Feast of the, 1102, 1103 and agricultural calendar, 441 Epiphany, liturgy of the, 967-968 Epiphany tanks, 968 Episcopacy. See Bishop Episcopal churches. See Anglican Church in Egypt Epistemun (Epistamon) (martyr), 1553, 1558 Epistle of Barnabas, 898 Epistle on the Eight Modes of Speech (al-Marsafi), 1994 Epistles of Clement, 898 Epistles of Dionysius the Great, 911-912 Epistolography, 968-972 Arabic correspondence, 970-971 of Athanasius I, 2008 correspondences of bishops, 400-402 of Ignatius of Antioch, 1281- 1282 of Isidorus of Pelusium, 1309-1310 letters, of Ammonas, 113, 150 letters of Antony of Egypt, 150 letters of Dionysius, 911-912 of Murqus al-Mashriqi al-Mallawani, 1700 of Pachomius, Saint, 1863 of Peter I, 1944, 1945, 1946 of Pisentius, Saint and Bishop of Qift, 1979-1980 of Theodoret, 2236 see also Epistles; Letters headings Epistula Ammonis. See Letter of Ammon Epistula apostolorum, Coptic translations, 1451 Epistula fundamenti (Mani), 1521 Epitome (Hippolytus), 1235-1236 Epitrachelion, 1476 Epiuse. See Epima, Saint Equal rights movement, Coptic, 1465-1466 Era of Diocletian, in the Coptic calendar, 434, 972 Era of the Incarnation, in the Coptic calendar, 434 Erai. See Ter and Erai (martyrs) Era of the Martyrs, 972 in the Coptic calendar, 434 and Diocletian’s ascension, 908 Eremika. See Pempton Erescentius Alexander, 81 Erichsen, Wolja, 972-973 Eric VII, King of Denmark, 1130 Eriokártes (Coptic textile term), 2221 Erman, Adolf, 973, 1165, 1965, 1966 and Boeser, Pieter Adriaan Art, 405 and Cerny, Jaroslav, 511 and Crum, Walter Ewing, 661 and Sethe, Kurt Heinrich, 2121 Esaias. See Prayer of Esaias Eschatology, 973-974 Esdras, 22 see also Old Testament, Arabic versions of the Esna. See Isna Estifanos, Ethiopian saint, 1053-1055 Estifanosites, 984-985 Etheria (Egeria) on feast of the Ascension, 1105 on incense use, 1472 Ethiopia, see also Ethiopian headings Ethiopia anointment of emperor, 140-141 Axum as capital, 312-313 Christian conversion, 312-313 Franciscan prefecture in, 1122 Haile Selassie I, Emperor of, 1197-1199 and Mamluks and Copts, 1517 Menelik II, Emperor of, 1590-1591 Metropolitan See of, 1613, 1614 and Saladin, 1536 twentieth-century government, 1394 Ethiopia francescana (Somigli and Montano), 1122 Ethiopian art, Coptic influence on, 975 Ethiopian Christian literature, 975-978 on the Assumption, 290 and Salama II, Ethiopian prelate, 1011-1012 Synaxarion, 2190-2191 Ethiopian church autocephaly, 547-548, 980-984, 1040-1044, 1909 catholicos title, 475 and Cyril II, Patriarch, 676 and Cyril VI, Patriarch, 678 eccage under, 930 Egyptian Coptic church relations, 1394 and Gabriel II, Patriarch, 1129 and Gabriel V, Patriarch, 1130-1131 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 selection of own patriarch, 1911 Ethiopian heresies and theological controversies, 984-987 role of Bartalomewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1012- 1013 role of Zar’a Ya‘qob, 1052-1053 Ethiopian liturgy, 987-990, 997-998 Ethiopian monasticism, 990-994 claims for Dayr al-Sultan, 872-874 Coptic church and Dayr al-Muharraq, 841 Isaac as abuna, 722 Lalibala community, 1425-1426 monks in Egypt, 747-748, 765, 841 Rule of Pachomius use, 1862 Ethiopian Orthodox church, 30, 995-998 canon of Scripture, 2108, 2109 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 “Ethiopian” pharaohs. See Kush, Empire of Ethiopian prelates, 999-1044, 1570 abuna title, 153 and Athanasius I, 300 Ethiopian saints, 1044 - 1055 and Ashmun church, 285 Ethiopian Synaxarion on, 2191 see also Ethiopian monasticism Etymology. See Appendix Eucharist, 1056-1061, 1715 ablution in, 9 and absolution prayers, 16, 17 altar, 106 celebration at beginning of each month, 1112 Didache on, 898, 899 epiclesis limited to, 964 Gloria in excelsis and, 1147 Liturgy of Saint Mark, 1539 and Lord’s Prayer, 1480-1481 Manichaean, 1520 Mass of the Catechumens, 1562-1565 Mass of the Faithful, 1565-1568 Maundy Thursday and, 1107 preparation in pastophorium, 216 reception in the apse, 200-201 rite of fraction in, 1121 Trisagion introduced into, 2017 use in antimension, 144 water into wine miracle and, 1107 see also Communion; Excommunication; Sacrament, reservation of the blessed Eucharistic bread, 1062, 1062, 1472-1473 baked at Bayt al-‘Ajin, 372 leavened vs. unleavened, 1060-1061 seals for marking, 2336 Eucharistic bread basket. See Liturgical instruments Eucharistic bread trough. See Eucharistic bread Eucharistic fast, 1063 Eucharistic literature, 121-125 Eucharistic veils, 1063-1064, 1252, 1472 Eucharistic vessels and instruments, 1064-1066 cruet, 1472 deacon’s role, 885 role of Eucharistic veils, 1063-1064 see also Antimension Eucharistic wine, 1066, 1472 Eucherius, Saint, 2231, 2303 Euchologion, 1066-1067 see also Mark, Liturgy of Saint Euchologion stand, 1067 Euctemon, Bishop (Smyrna), 890 Eudamon (martyr), 233, 1554, 1558 Eudocia, 2033 Eudorus, 1149 Eudoxia. See Benjamin and Eudoxia (martyrs) Eudoxia, Empress, 1067, 1618 and the Assumption of Mary, 292 and council on Theophilus, Patriarch, 2250-2251 and John Chrysostom, 667, 1357, 2250, 2251 Eugenius. See Eusignius (martyr) Eugenius IV, Pope, 1119 Eugenius, Agathodorus, and Elpidius (martyrs), 1554 Eugnostos the Blessed and The Sophia of Jesus Christ, 897, 1068- 1069, 1301 Euhemerism, 1867 Eulogius (Chalcedonian), 126 Eulogius (martyr), 831, 1554 Eulogy of Origen (Gregory Theodorus), 1848 Eumenius, Saint and Patriarch, 1069, 1618, 2083 dates of patriarchy, 1914 Eunapius and Andrew (martyrs), 1555 Eunomius, 114, 115, 141, 142 Eunomius of Cyzicus, 230, 1959 Euphemia, Saint (martyr), 1073, 1111, 1555, 1617, 1618 Euphemia, Saint. See Epiphania, Saint Euphrasia, Saint, 2083 Euphrosinus, 1881-1882 Euphrosyna, Saint, 1069, 2083 Eupropious (martyr), 1554 Euripides, 1889 European art. See Art, Coptic influence on European Eusebius (Tall Brother), 113 Eusebius, Bishop of Armenia, 1619 Eusebius, Saint (martyr), 1069-1070, 892, 1555 Eusebius of Caesarea, 83, 1070-1071, 1489 on Abgar legend, 8 on Abilius, Saint, 8 and Arianism, 230, 232, 1791 and Arius, 230, 231 and Basilides, 356-357 on candles, 446 on canonization, 449 canons of, 32 and Christianity in Ansina (Antinoopolis), 142 on Constantine the Great’s vision of the Holy Cross, 1243-1244 and Constantine’s edict, 944-945 on Decius, 889 on Easter designation, 1104 on epistles of Dionysius the Great, 911-912 and “godly monarch” concept, 1957 Historia ecclesiastica continued by Jerome, Saint, 1323 and Jerome, Saint, 1323 on Judas Cyriacus, 1377 on Mark, Saint, 1530 on martyrdoms, 1548-1549 on Melito of Sardis, 1585 on Nativity date, 1103 and Nicaea, Council of, 83 on Origen, 893, 1071, 1846, 1851, 1853 on Origen’s Hexapla and Tetrapla, 1227 and Pamphilus, Saint, 1071, 1879 on Pantaenus’ mission to India, 892 on patriarchal election, 1911 patristic writings, 1920, 1921 on persecution of Christians, 906-908 on Psalms, use of, 448 Rufinus’ translations of, 2068 on subordinationism, 2157 see also Historia ecclesiastica Eusebius of Dorylaeum, Bishop, 913, 914, 962, 1074 Eusebius Hieronymus. See Jerome, Saint Eusebius of Nicomedia, Bishop and Arianism, 84, 231, 298, 299, 1790 and Lucian of Antioch, 1484 Eusebius of Pelusium, Bishop, 1089 Eusegnius. See Eusignius Eusignius, Saint (martyr), 1071-1072, 1555 Eustathius, Bishop of Sebaste (Armenia), 1138 Eustathius the Greek. See Astasi al-Rumi Eustathius and Theopista, Saints, 1072-1073, 1555 Eustathius of Thrace, 1073 Euthymius (Tall Brother), 113 Eutyches, 45, 1074-1075, 1671, 1672, 1674, 2033 and Apollinarianism, 174 and Ephesus, Second Council of, 913, 914, 961-962, 1670 and Ethiopian theology, 984 on Incarnation, 1288 and Justinian’s edict, 1674 and Leo I the Great, 1440-1441 on nature of Christ, 524-525, 1669-1670, 2267 and Nestorianism, 913, 1074-1075, 1440-1441, 1786 Eutychius. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id Evagrius (prefect under Theodosius), 2009 Evagrius Ponticus, 113,120, 1076-1077, 1453, 1490, 1976, 2020 and costume of the religious, 650 as desert father, 894 on the eight capital vices, 463 and Encratite view of body, 958-959 and Isaiah of Scetis, 1306 on Isidorus of Pelusium, 1308 and John Colobos, Saint, 1359 and Kellia and Nitria communities, 1397, 1796 and Macarius the Egyptian, 1491 manuscript in Paris, 1779 Palladius as disciple of, 1876, 1877 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 and Timothy II Aelurus, Patriarch, 2264 Evagrius Scholasticus (536-600), on exile of Nestorius, 1786-1787 Evangeliary, 1077-1078 Evangelical Church, Coptic. See Coptic Evangelical Church Evangelical Theological Seminary, Cairo, 603 Evangelist, 1078 animal symbols of, 244-247, 247, 1812 see also Missionaries Eve. See Adam and Eve Evelyn-White, Hugh Gerard, 1078, 1449 on Dayr Anba Helias on Dayr Apa Antib, 770 on Dayr al-Arman, 782 on duplicate monasteries, 714 and identification of Kellia site, 1397 and identification of Nitria site, 1794-1795 and identity of Hor, 1254 on Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1316 on Pidjimi, Saint, 1966, 1967 Evening Offering of Incense, music with, 1719, 1721, 1725 Evetts, Basil Thomas Alfred, 1078, 1462 Evil, Origen on, 1849 Evodius of Rome, 1078-1079 cycle of, 667-668 Ewer. See Basin and ewer Ewostatewos, Ethiopian saint, 1050- 1051 Ewostatewosites, 985 Excavations Abu Mina, 24-29, 1394 Abusir al-Malaq, 37 Abusir (Taposiris Magna), 34, 35, 36 Abydos, 38-42 Ahnas, 73, 74-75 ‘Alam Shaltut, 80 Alexandria, 96-97, 1180 ‘Amriyyah (Maryut), 118, 118 Antinoopolis, 145, 146-148, 1933, 1961, 2049 al-‘Araj, 190 archives, 226-227 al-Ashmunayn, 74, 2090 Bawit, 74, 256, 363-364 Clysma, 565 Coptic glass evidence, 1143, 1144 Coptic mummies, 1697 Coptic sculptures in stone, 2112-2113 dating of Coptic monuments, 693-694 Dayr Abu Halbanah, 700 Dayr Abu Jirja, 1527 Dayr Abu Lifah, 704 Dayr Abu Matta, 706 Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 708-709 Dayr Anba Abshay (near al-Tud), 719 Dayr Anba Shinudah, 766, 768 Dayr Apa Jeremiah, 773-776, 777, 778, 1143, 2040 Dayr Apa Phoibammon, 13, 779, 780-781 Dayr al-Bala‘yzah, 786-787 Dayr al-Baramus, 792 Dayr al-Barshah and Dayr al-Nakhlah, 795 Dayr al-Dik, 798, 847 Dayr Epiphanius, 800-80 1 Dayr Harmina, 808 Dayr al-Janadlah, 705 Dayr al-Kubaniyyah, 815-816 Dayr al-Madinah, 817 Dayr al-Malak Mikhai’il, 824 Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 825-826 Dayr al-Midinah, 1620 Dayr Mustafa Kashif, 842 Dayr Nahya, 843 Dayr al-Naqlun, 846 Dayr al-Nasara (Antinoopolis), 847 Dayr al-Qusayr, 853 Dayr al-Rumaniyyah Dayr al-Saqiyah, 861 Dongola, 922 al-Duwayr, 928 the Enaton, 101 Faras, 1091-1092 Fayyum Gospel fragment, 1100 French, 693, 694-695, 724, 924, 927 al-Fustat, 188 Hajir Idfu, 1200 Hawwariyyah, 1211-1212 inscriptions, value of, 1291 Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1315-1316 Karanis, 1390 Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 139 1-1392 Karnak, 1392-1393 Kellia, 1398-1407, 2103, 2104-2105 Khash al-Qu‘ud, 1658 Khirbat al-Filusiyyah, 1414 At Kom al-Dikka, 90, 97, 116-118, 116, 117, 118 Kom Namrud, 1418 Luxor temples, 1485 Madamud, 1494-1495 Madinat Ghuran, 1651 Madinat Habu, 1496-1497 Madinat Madi 1498 Memnonia, 1586 Menarti, 1588 monastery of Saint Menas, 707 mural painting examples, 1872-1873 Naj‘ al-Hajar, 1773-1774 in Nubia, 1185, 1804-1806, 2071, 2142; see also Nubian archaeology, medieval; Nubian ceramics; Nubian Christian architecture; Nubian Christian survivals; Nubian church art; Nubian inscriptions, medieval; Nubian monasteries as nucleus of Louvre Coptic section, 1481 at Oktokaidekaton monastery, 118 of Oxyrhynchus Papyri, 1857- 1858 papyrology, 1888-1889 papyrus discoveries, 1898-1900 Pbow, 1927-1929 pottery kilns, 481-482 Qasr Ibrim, 2037 Qurnat Mar‘i, 2041, 2042 Sai Island, 2080-2081 Saqqara, 74 at Soba in ‘Alwa, 2141-2142 Tall Atrib, 1620 Tall al-Farama, 1090 Upper Egypt, 1668-1669 Wadi al-Rayyan, 2311 Wadi Sarjah, 2312 Wadi Shaykh ‘Ali, 2312-2313 see also Ceramics, Coptic; Ceramics of the late Coptic period; Costume, civil; Society of Coptic Archaeology Excommunication, 1079-1080, 1931 and anathema, 55 and audientia episcopalis, 308 and clerical instruction, 565 Exegesis on the Soul, 898, 1080-1081 and Authentikos logos, 309 and Encratites, 958-959 and Interpretation of Knowledge, 1301 Exhibitions of Coptic art. See Museums The Exhortation to Martyrdom (Origen), 1847 Exodus to Sinai, 1976 Exorcism pilgrimages and, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974 Pisentius, Saint and Bishop of Qift, powers, 1979 Raphael, Archangel, role in, 2053 Exoucontians, 1081-1082 Exultate Deo, 1119 Exuperantius, Saint, 1082, 1555, 2057, 2232 Eye diseases, 1579, 1581 Ezekiel, Anba, 748, 861, 1923-1924, 1925 Ezekiel of Armant, Saint, 2083 Ezekiel Tragicus, 1150 Ezr (catholicus of Armenian church), 1666 Ezra, Apocalypse of, 165 |
Original Publisher | Macmillan |
Digital Publisher | Claremont Graduate University. School of Religion |
Date | 1991 |
Language | eng |
Collection | Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia - http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/col/cce |
Rights | Copyright 1991 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Type | Text |
Object File Name | cce01968.pdf |
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