Index C Volumes 1-7

              [Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.

Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372]

C_______________________

Cabalistic amulets, 1508
Caecilian, Bishop, 920, 921
Caesarea
library, 1447
Mercurius, Saint, 1592-1594
see also Basil the Great; Eusebius of Caesarea
Caesarion. See Church of Saint Michael
Caetani, Leone, 433
Cailliaud of Nantes, 927
Cairensis Gnosticus. See Nag Hammadi Library
Cairo
Babylon, 317
Coptic burning of (1320), 1518
Coptic churches’ legal status in, 687
founding, 810
Franciscan churches, 1123
monasteries in and around, 1646-1647
patriarchal residence at, 1913
as patriarchal seat, 689, 1999-2000
pilgrims and travelers to, 1977
tombstone material, 1295
see also Babylon; Fustat, al-
Cairo Museum. See Coptic Museum (Old Cairo)
Cairo University, 1141, 1423
Calamus. See Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud; Kalamon
Calendar and agriculture, 440-443
Calendar, Coptic, 19, 430, 433-436, 435
Advent, 63
Anno Martyrum, 1549
fast days, 1093-1096
lectionary and, 1435-1437
Paschal controversy, 1905-1906
and Shamm al-Nasim feast day, 2126
see also Calendar, months of Coptic; Synaxarion, Copto-Arabic
Calendar, Gregorian, 436-437
Calendar, Julian, 437
Calendar, months of Coptic, 438-439
Calendar, seasons, and Coptic liturgy, 443-444
Calendologia, 444-445
Caligula, Emperor (Gaius), 2062
Philo of Alexandria and, 1956
Calixtus, Bishop of Rome, 1638
Calligraphy, at Dayr al-Baramus, 791
Callinicum, Conference of (568), 1676
Callinicus, Bishop of Syene (martyr), 1553
Calotychius, 2241
Cambridge University, 1138, 1893
Cambyses Romance, 2060
Camoul, Saint, 445, 1553
Camp (castrum) of Hierakion. See Dayr al-Jabrawi
Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia, 1090, 1091
Canada
Coptic churches in, 1621
Coptic collections, 1702-1703
papyrus collections, 1891 Cancelli, 200-201, 217
Cancellii, 200-201, 217
Candelabrum, 1469
see also Candles; Lighting equipment; Liturgical instruments;
Metalwork, Coptic
Candlemas, 1106-1107
Candles, 445-446
as altar lights, 109-110
during consecration of church, 548
Canons of Ammonius, 32
Canon, derivation of term, 2108-2109
Canonical Hours, Book of, 446-449, 1724, 1733
Agathon the Stylite and, 69
compline, 582-583
and Coptic doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 1250
and Giyorgis, 1052
and Holy Week Scripture readings, 1251
hymns. See Music, Coptic, description
liturgy of matins, 1568-1569
Lord’s Prayer, 1481
vespers, 2301
Canonical Letter (Peter I), 1944-1945, 1946
Canonization, 449
Canon law, 449-451
and Cyril III ibn Laqlaq, 310-311
Kitab al-Burhun fi al-Qawanin, 33, 1463
al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal works on, 2076
Canons, Apostolic, 179-180, 451-453
on confession and penitence, 585
on fasting on Saturday, 1248, 2098
on immersion, 1286
on incense use, 1472
see also Canons, ecclesiastical
Canons of Clement, 456
copied by Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273
Canon of the Scripture. See Scripture, canon of the
Canons, ecclesiastical, 453-455
on clerical instruction, 564
on clerical ordination, 1844
Canons of Epiphanius, 456-457
Canons of Eusebius, 32
Canons of Gregory of Nyssa, 457
Canons of Hippolytus, 458, 1235, 1455
Canons of Pseudo-Athanasius, 458-459
Canons of Saint Basil, 459
in condemnation of cheirotonia, 517
see also Anaphora of Saint Basil
Canons of Saint John Chrysostom, 459-460
Canopus. See Abuqir; Dayr Qibriyus; Metanoia, Monastery of the
Canopy. See Baldachin
Cantate Domino, 1119
Canticles, 1729, 1733
Cantor, 460, 1732, 1736-1738, 1742
antiphon, 148-149
Clerical College, 564
Mu‘allim Mikha’il Jirjis, 1629- 1630
responsory, 2058
see also Chant
Cap, bishops’, 1476
Cape, priests’ and bishops’, 1476
Capital
Coptic sculpture in stone, 2114
Saqqara South, 776, 777
see also Column; Corinthian capital
Cappadocian fathers, 44, 114-116, 351, 1183, 1184, 1310, 1921, 1982
Caracalla, Emperor
and massacre of Alexandria, 97, 1177
patriarch under, 1914
visit to Egypt, 2063, 2066
Caraccioli, Clement, 461
Carausius, 904, 905
Carbon-14 dating method, 694
Carinus, 904
Carion of Scetis. See Zacharius of Scetis
Carolingians, patron saint of, 1572
Carolingian theologians, controversy over filioque, 1115
Carpentry, 2326-2327
Carpocrates, 460-461, 1222, 2118
Carthage
Arsenal of Tunis, 239
rivalry with Numidia, 920, 921
sacrifice to Roman gods at, 890
Carthage, Council of (397), on
regulations for nuns, 1822
Carus, Emperor, 904
patriarch under, 1914
Caskets, wooden, 2328-2330, 2329
Cassian, Saint John, 461-463, 2024, 2082
on anchorites in Diolkos, 908
on canonical hours, 449
Conferences and Cenobitic Institutes, 1663
and costume of the religious, 650
on devil as black, 248
in France, 1623
on genuflection, 1139
on Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1316
and John Colobos, Saint, 1359
on John of Lycopolis, Saint, 1364
on matins, 1568
on the monks of Scetis, 2103
and Paphnutius of Scetis, 1884
on respect for one’s body, 958-959
on Sarapion, 2094, 2095
Castanets, 1604-1605, 1739-1740
wooden, 2333, 2334
Castle of the two gates. See Qal‘at al-Babayn
Castrum, 464-468, 466, 467, 468
at Abusir (Taposiris Magna), 34
at Naj‘ al-Hajar, 1774
see also Qasr headings
Castrum Memnonium, 1657
Catecheses (Cyril of Jerusalem), 667, 681
Catechesis (Pachomius), 1862-1863
Catechetical Lectures
on finding Holy Cross, 1243
on prayers for the dead, 889
Catechetical School of Alexandria, 55, 77, 100-101, 103, 469-472, 474, 1533
and Athanasius I, 298
and Clement of Alexandria, 562-563
Clerical College in footsteps of, 563
Demetrius I and, 892, 893
Didymus the Blind and, 900
Dionysius of Alexandria and, 909
Eusebius of Caesarea and, 1070-1071
Heraclas, Saint, and, 909, 911, 1219
influence on Coptic education, 931-932
Jerome, Saint, and, 1323
library, 1447
Origen and, 176, 1847, 1852
Theonas, Patriarch, and, 2245, 2246
use of Egyptian Bible text, 381-382
Catechumen, 103, 473-474, 1473
and Holy Communion, 578
liturgy of the, 1715
and Lord’s Prayer, 1480-1481
Mass of the. See Mass of the Catechumens
oil of the, 522, 523
Catena, Arabic tradition of, 475
Cathedral Church of Abu Sayfayn (Saint Mercurius), 1535
Cathedral Church of the Jacobites (Alexandria), 93-94
Cathedral of Faras, 1090, 1091-1092
Cathedral of Heliopolis, 2051
Cathedral of Nicomedia, 907
Cathedral of Qasr Ibrim, 2037
Cathedral of Saint Mark (Alexandria), 1531-1532
papal investiture at, 1999
restoration of, 1303
Cathedral of Saint Mark (al-Azbakiyyah), 1538
Cathedral of Saint Mark (Cairo), 1434, 2091
consecration of patriarchs in, 1909, 1913
master chanter, 1629
Cathedral of Saint Mark (Venice), 1532
Cathedral of Zamalek, 2051
Catherine of Alexandria, Saint
cult of, 1976, 1977
martyrdom of, 2325
monastery of, 1681-1685, 2325
Catholic church, Coptic. See Coptic Catholic church
Catholicism. See Coptic Catholic church; Coptic relations with
Rome; Eastern Orthodox churches; Franciscans in Egypt; Jesuits
and the Coptic church; Oriental Orthodox churches; Roman
Catholic church
Catholicos (title), 475
Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 1951
Cauldrons, 1601, 1602
Caves
Abui Hinnis, 703
at Abydos, 39, 41-42
of Barsum the Naked, 348
and cells, 477
Dayr Abu Lifah, 704
Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 725
Dayr Anba Hadra, 746
Dayr al-Dik, 799
Dayr al-Janadlah, 705
Dayr Mar Mina (Jabal Abu Fudah), 834
Dayr al-Naqlun, 845, 846
Dayr al-Nasara, 847
and hermits’ cells, 477
of Saint Paul of Thebes, 741
Wadi al-Nakhlah, 795
Caxo, Saint, 1151-1152
Ceiling, 201-202
Celadion, Saint and Patriarch, 475, 2082
dates of patriarchy, 1914
Celestinus of Rome, Bishop, 475-476
and Coptic tradition of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2303
and Copto-Arabic tradition of Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2305-2306
Celestius (disciple of Pelagius), 1930
Celibacy, 84, 88, 476-477, 1543
Encratites, 958
Hieracas of Leontopolis on, 1229
Cell, 477-478, 1403
Celsus, 478-479, 1868
refuted by Origen, 176-177, 1847, 1854
Cemeteries
‘Abdallah Nirqi, 4
Alexandria, 96-97
Anba Ruways, 2000
Asyut region, 1654
Coptic mummification, 1697
Damru, 690
Dayr Abu Ishaq, 703
Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 709
Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Qus), 711
Dayr al-Amir Tadrus, 717, 718
Dayr Anba Abshay (near al-Tud), 719
Dayr Apa Phoibammon, 780
Dayr al-‘Azab, 785
Dayr Epiphanius, 801
Dayr al-Hammam, 807
Dayr al-‘Izam, 809
Dayr al-Janadlah, 705
Dayr al-Khanadaq, 814-815
Dayr al-Madinah, 817
Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 825
Dayr al-Nastur, 848
Dayr al-Qusayr, 853
Dayr al-Shuhada’, 867
Dayr al-Zawiyah, 884
Faras, 1091
funerary customs concerning, 1125
Kom al-Rahib, 1418
Nubian, 1805
Qararah grave sites, 2036
Qusur ‘Isa 1, 1405
see also Burial rites and practices; Stela; Tombs
Cenobites. See Monasticism, Pachomian; Pachomius of
Tabennese, Saint
Cenobitic Institutes (John Cassian), 1663
Censer, 1469-1472, 1470, 1471
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, 924, 1419
Ceramics, Coptic, 267-268, 480-503, 484, 485, 486
as dating tool at Kellia site, 1400-1401, 1402, 1407
decorative techiques and motifs, 483-487, 483, 484, 485, 486
Faras, 1090, 1091
figurines, 500-503, 501, 502, 503
manufacturing techniques, 480-482
from Monastery of Mark the Evangelist (Qurnat Mar‘i), 2042
preservation of terra-cotta, 278-279
statuary, 2147-2148
types of ceramic ware, 487-499, 489, 491, 492, 496, 499
see also Art, historiography of Coptic
Ceramics of the late Coptic period, 504-510, 505-510
Ceramics, Nubian, 1806-1807
Cerdon, Saint and Patriarch, 511, 2082
dates of patriarchy, 1913
Ceremony of the Holy Light, 1248-1249
Cerinthus, 511, 917, 1222, 1288
Cerny, Jaroslav, 511
Chaeremon, Bishop of Neilopolis/Dalas, 685
Chaîne, Marius Jean Joseph, 511-512
Chairemon of Alexandria, 512
Chalcedon, Council of (451), 20, 37, 88, 102, 126, 512-515, 914-915
and Abraham of Farshut, 11-12
and Acacian schism, 42-47, 102
Acephaloi opposition to, 55
and Agathon of Alexandria, 65
aims, 1670
and Antioch, Council of, 190
and Armenian church, 234
Christological definition of, 523, 547, 578, 1638, 2255
on clerical ordination, 1844
on communicatio idiomatum, 578
and Constantinople, First Council of, 594
and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595-596
and Coptic art and architecture, 269-270
Coptic music post, 1734
Coptic music prior to, 1732-1734
and Coptic relations with Rome, 609, 661-662
and Cyrus al-Muqawqas, 682-683
Dayr Matra monks’ resistance to dogma of, 837
on deaconesses, 888
and divisions among monks of the Kellia, 1397
and ecclesiastical use of eparchy, 959
Enaton monks’ opposition to dogma of, 956-957
and Ephesus councils, 960, 961, 962
and Eutyches, 1075
and Henoticon edict, 1217-1218, 2370
and homilies on Michael, Archangel, 1618-1619
and hypostatic union, 1262
and iconoclasm, 1276
impact on Coptic literature and thought, 1454-1455
impact on Copts, 66, 146, 661-662, 693, 943, 1211; see also
subhead reactions to
Isidorus of Pelusium role, 1308
and John II, 1337
and John I, 1337
and John of Lycopolis, Saint, 1365
and Julian, Bishop, 1379
and Justin I, 1383
and Justinian, Emperor, 1385, 1386
and Leo I the Great, 1441-1442
and Macarius of Tkow, 1556
and Mark II, 1533, 1534
and Melchite-Coptic split, 1583
and Monastery of the Metanoia, 1609- 1610
monenergism and, 1666-1667
and monenergist formula, 1666
and monophysitism, 1575-1576, 1669-1670; see also
Monophysitism
on nature of Christ. See subhead Christological definition of
and Nicene Creed, 1793
and nine saints from Ethiopia, 1045-1047
on oikonomos, 1825
and the Oriental Orthodox churches, 1845-1846
and Pachomian-Shenutean traditions, 1453
and Peter III Mongus, 1947, 1948
and Philoxenus of Mabbug, 1962
and Pulcheria, Empress, 513-514, 1441, 1442, 1670, 2033
reactions to, 1670-167 1, 1672
and saints recognized by Ethiopian church, 1044-1045
and Severus of Antioch, 2124
and Simon I, 2139
and Theodoret, 2236
and Theodosius of Jerusalem, 2242
and Theopistus of Alexandria, 2254
and Theotokos, 1218, 2255; see also subhead Christological
definition of
and Timothy II Aelurus, 2264-2267
and Western alienation of Copts, 661-662
and Zeno, Emperor, 1217-1218, 2369-2370
see also Nestorians and Copts
Chalcedonians. See Chalcedon, Council of; specific issues
Chaldaean Oracles, 516
Chalice, as Eucharistic vessel, 1065
Chalice veil. See Eucharistic veils
Chamoul. See Camoul, Saint
Champollion, Jean François, 516,614, 1424, 1440, 1445, 2073, 2125
Chanazhum (martyr), 1553
Chancel. See Cancelli
Chandeliers. See Lighting equipment; Metalwork
Chants, 63, 1721
Adam, 63, 1722
and Agnus Dei, 71
antiphon, 148-149, 1717, 1732
Coptic poetry, 1985
responsory, 2058
watus, 1722, 1724, 2320-2321
see also Choral singing
Chapel 180 (al-Bagawaat), 327
Chapel of Anba Antuniyus (Saint Antony), 753, 754
Chapel of the Archangel Michael, 753, 754, 755
Chapel of the Exodus (al-Bagawat), 1873
Chapel of the Forty-nine Martyrs (Dayr al-Suryan), 876, 880
Chapel of the Hermits, 753, 754
Chapel of Mar Jirjis, Dayr Anba Bishoi, 736
Chapel of Peace (al-Bagawat), 1873
Chapel of Saint Michael (Dayr Anba Antuniyus), 721
Chapel of the Virgin, Dayr Anba Maqar, 754
Charisios, 516
Charlemagne, 1110, 1112
Charles of Anjou, 1114
Chassinat, Emile Gaston, 516-517, 1561-1562, 1579
Daumas, François, association, 695
Cheirotonia, 517
Abraham, Patriarch, suppression of, 10
and Bulus al-Bushi, 423
and Cyril III, Patriarch, 677
and Cyril II, Patriarch, 676
and John VI, Patriarch, 1342
Mark III, Patriarch, abolished by, 1536
and Philotheus’ patriarchy, 1959, 1960
revival of, 1413
and Shenute I, Patriarch, 2134
Chenoboskion, as burial site of Nag Hammadi codices, 1771
Chenoboskion Sheneset. See Pachomius of Tabennese, Saint
Cherubic Hymn, 518, 1565
Cherubim and seraphim, 518, 1875, 2015
oldest-known painting of, 751
Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, 380-382, 518-519, 1899-1900
Chester Beatty Coptic Papyri, 519
Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, 1894
Chiftichi, Yuhanna, 519-520 see also Ya‘qub, General
Children
Coptic family life, 1086-1088
donation to monasteries, 918-919
infant baptism, 338
martyrs, 1553, 1556, 1557, 1960- 1961
sacrament administration to, 2072
see also Education; Toys and games; Youth of Egypt; Youth
movements
Chillebert de Lannon, 720
Chironomy system, 1730
Chitty, D. J., on Letter of Ammon, 1445
Choir, 202
wood carvings on enclosures, 2342
see also Khurus
Choirs. See Choral singing
Chora, Alexandrian exemptions, 1180
Choral singing
antiphonal, 148-149, 1717, 1732
cantors, 1736-1738
responses, 1719, 1720, 1721
unison, 1 718-1719, 1721
vocalise, 1720, 1721, 1732
Chordophones, 1738, 1740-1741
Chorepiscopus, 520-521
in ecclesiastical hierarchy, 2015
Neocaesarea, Council of, on, 1785
Chosroes II Parvez, 1243, 1676, 1938
Chotsko, 1519
Chrism, 521-522, 1473, 1474
and Benjamin II, Patriarch, 377
at Church of Abu Sayfyn, 550
Damanhur bishops at preparation of, 686
and Jesuits, 1330
and John XVI, Patriarch, 1348
use in confirmation, 586
use in consecration of new church, 548-549
Chrism, consecration of the, 522-523, 580
Giza bishops at, 1141-1142
Jirjis al-Jawhari translation, 1334
manuscript copied by Ibrahim ibn Sulayman al-Najjar al-Miri, 1273
Chrismatory, 523, 1473
Christ, nature of, 523-525
‘Abd al-Masih al-Isra’ili al-Raqqi on, 6-7
Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib on, 33
Agnoetae on, 70-71
in Alexandrian theology, 103- 104
and alpha and omega symbol, 2151
Apollinarianism and, 173-174
Arius on, 230, 232, 597
Chalcedon, Council of, on, 512-515, 523, 547, 1638, 1670
and church art, 555-556
communicatio idiomatum, 578-579
Coptic church-Roman Catholic church statement (1988), 1786
Cyril I, Patriarch, on, 913-914, 1669
Docetists on, 917
ecthesis formula, 682, 931
Ephesus councils on, 959-962
Ethiopian controversy, 1033
Eutyches on, 913-914, 1074-1075, 1669-1670, 2267
gnosticism on, 1301, 2256
Henoticon on, 1671
Homoeans on, 1252-1253
homoiousion and homoousion concepts, 1253-1254, 2096
and hypostatic union, 1262
and Incarnation, 1287-1290
Johannine thought on, 2157
Julian of Halicarnassus on, 547, 734, 1379, 2125, 2241
Manichaeans on, 1520, 1521
Maximus, Patriarch, on, 1575
Melitius on, 1376
monarchianism on, 1637-1638
monenergism, 1666-1667
monophysitism on, 1669-1677, 1672, 1673, 1676, 1678
Nestorianism on, 913, 547, 913, 1575, 1669, 1785-1786, 1787
Nicene Creed on, 1792-1793
Origen on, 103, 104, 1638, 1790-1791, 1848, 1849-1850
al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal on, 2077-2078, 2079
Sarapion of Tmuis on, 2096
Severus of Antioch on, 70, 2125
subordinationism and, 1484, 2156-2 157
Theodoret on, 2236
Theodosian thought on, 2240-2241
Timothy II Aelurus on, 2266-2267
Timothy III on, 2268
see also Christology; Henoticon; Hypostasis; Theotokos; Tome of Leo
Christ, Triumph of, 525-526
iconography, 244-246
see also Ascension of Christ
Christendom, division of, and Constantinople, Second Council of, 596
Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, 1423
Christian encounter. See Waq‘at al-Nasara
Christianity
introduction and growth in Egypt, 1866-1870
see also specific aspects, subjects, and personal names
Christian Museum of the Lateran, 1559
Christian Orient, study of the. See Oriens Christianus
Christian religious instruction in Egyptian public schools, 526
Christian spells, 1503
Christian subjects in Coptic art, 270-271, 526-544, 1874-1875
Adoration of the Magi, 527
Annunciation, 528-529, 528
apostles and evangelists, 529
baptism of Jesus, 529-530, 537
bath of the Infant Jesus, 530-531, 530
cave paintings near Dayr Abui Hinnis, 703
Galactotrophousa, 531
icons of Astasi al-Rumi, 293
icons of, 1276-1279
Jeremiah, Saint, 532-533
massacre of the innocents, 533
Menas the Miracle Maker, Saint, 534, see also Abu Mina
mid-fifth to late seventh century, 269-277
Nativity, 534-536, 535
Orant, 536-538, 536, 537; see also Mythological subjects in Coptic art
Parthian horseman, 538, 538
Shenute, Saint, 538-540
tetramorph, 539-540
Thecla, Saint, 540-541, 541
Triumph of the Cross, 658-659
twenty-four elders, 541-542
types, 2283-2284
Virgin Enthroned, 542-544
see also Biblical subjects in Coptic art; specific churches and monasteries
Christian Topography (Cosmas Indicopleustes), 640-641, 1635
Christmas, Feast of, 1102-1103 see also Nativity
Christodoros of Coptos, 544, 1799
Christodorus, Saint, 2083
Christodoulos I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325
Christodoulos II, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325
Christodoulos III, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1325
Christodoulos, Bishop of Dumyat, 925, 1613
Christodoulos, Bishop of Fuwwah, 1126
Christodoulus, Patriarch, 102, 544-547, 1413, 1594
Alexandrian church consecrations, 92, 544
biography, 1573-1574
and canons of Coptic law, 450, 2 159-2160
and Church of Abui Sayfayn, 550
and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 92, 558, 1999
Damru residence, 689
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and Fiqtor, Ethiopian prelate, 1003
and James of Scetis, 1322
miracles under, 707
as monk at Dayr al-Baramus, 791
at Naqizah, 1774
patriarchal seat moved by, 92, 1613, 1615, 1912, 1999
on Saturday fasting, 2098
on Sunday burial services, 2159-2160
Christodoulus, Saint (ascetic), 2083
Christology, 547-548
see also Chalcedon, Council of; Christ, nature of; Henoticon;
Hypostasis; Theotokos; Tome of Leo
Christopher (martyr), 1553
Christ Pantocrator, in Nubian church art, 1812
Chronicle (Michael bar Elias), on Alexandria, 97-98
Chronicles of John. See John of Nikiou
Chronicon orientale, 19, 289, 548
Chrysaphius, 913, 2033, 1075
Chrysostom, John. See John Chrysostom, Saint
Church, consecration of, 548-549
Church, laying the cornerstone of, 549
Church of Abu Mina (Alexandria), 92, 94, 116-117
Church of Abu Sarjah (Saint Sergius) (Old Cairo), 1118, 1977, 2038
Church of Abu Sayfayn (Old Cairo), 78, 549-551, 1427, 1613
consecration of John XVII at, 1348
consecration of Yuhanna, Bishop at, 2355
Gabriel II and, 1128
Gabriel VII and, 1133, 1134
Gabriel V Ordo submitted at, 1131
Ignatius IX patriarchal consecration at, 1131
illustration of Barsum the Naked’s cave at, 348-349
illustration of “two-finger blessing” at, 404
liturgical instruments, 1473
patriarchal seat at, 1912, 1913
restoration of, 11
see also Architectural elements of churches; Christian subjects in
Coptic art
Church of al-’Adhra’, 736, 878, 879-880, 880
see also Balyana, al-; Dayr al-`Adhra’; Jabal al-Tayr
Church of Anba Bishoi. See Dayr al-Barshah and Dayr al-Nakhlah
Church of Anba Ruways, 815
Gabriel VI buried in, 1133
Church of the Angelion (Alexandria), 93
Church of the Apparition of the Holy Virgin (Jerusalem), 1327
Church of Arcadius, 1870
Church architecture in Egypt, 552-555
octagon-domed church, 1823-1824
see also Architecture; Art and architecture; Coptic; specific
churches
Church architecture in Nubia. See Nubian Christian architecture
Church art, 555-556
see also Art and architecture, Coptic; Cross, triumph of the;
Christian subjects in Coptic art; Symbols in Coptic art
Church art, Nubian, 1811-1812
Church of the Ascension (Jerusalem), 1328-1329
Church of Cosmas and Damian (Alexandria), 93, 2017
Church of Creniua (Alexandrian Melchite church), 94
Church of Dandarah, 690, 691
Church doors, wood, 2331-2333, 2332-2333
Church of Emperor Arcadius (Alexandria), 93
Church of England. See Anglican Church in Egypt
Church of the Epiphany (Dayr Sitt Dimyanah), 872
Churches
at ‘Abdallah Nirqi, 4
Abraham, Patriarch, restoration of, 11
Abu al-Makarim listing of, 92-94, 1462
at Abu Mina, 24-29
Akhmim, 78-80
Alexandria, 101-102
Alexandria, historic, 92-95
altar, 105-110
altar form and location, 106- 107
ambo, 111
Antinoopolis, 145
architectural elements, 194-225
Babylonia, 318-323, 319
Bayt al-Nisa’ (area reserved for women), 373
Chalcedonian. See Eastern Orthodox churches
in Daqaduls, 692
at Dayr Abu Fanah, 698, 699-700
at Dayr Abu Hinnis, 701, 702-703
at Dayr Abu Ishaq, 703
at Dayr Abu Matta, 706
at Dayr Abu Musha, 708
at Dayr Abu Qarqurah, 709
at Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn (Qus), 711
at Dayr al-‘Adawiyyah, 712, 713
at Dayr al-‘Adhra’, 713, 714, 715
at Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (al-Ruzayqat), 2069
at Dayr al-‘Adhra’ (Samalut), 716
at Dayr al-Ahmar (Giza), 716-717
at Dayr al-Amir Tadrus, 717, 718
at Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 720-721, 724-727, 725
at Dayr Anba Bakhum, 730-731, 731
at Dayr Anba Bisadah, 733
at Dayr Anba Bishoi (Scetis), 735-736, 736
at Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj), 739-740
at Dayr Anba Bula, 741, 742-744
at Dayr Anba Hadra, 746, 747, 855
at Dayr Anba Helias (Naqadah), 747
at Dayr Anba Maqar, 749, 750-756
at Dayr Anba Palaemon, 757
at Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun, 758, 759, 760
at Dayr Anba Shinudah (Suhaj), 761, 763, 768-770
at Dayr Apa Hor (Sawadah), 770-771
at Dayr Apa Ishaq, 772
at Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Saqqara), 773, 774-776, 775
at Dayr Apa Thomas, 781
at Dayr Asfal al-Ard, 783
at Dayr al-‘Awanah (Asyut), 784
at Dayr al-‘Azab, 784, 785
at Dayr al-Bala‘yzah, 787
at Dayr al-Banat, 788-789
at Dayr al-Baramus, 791-794, 792, 793
at Dayr al-Barshah and Dayr al-Nakhlah, 795-796, 796
at Dayr al-Bisrah, 797
at Dayr Buqtur of Shu, 797-798
at Dayr Durunkah, 799, 856
at Dayr al-Fakhuri, 803-805, 804
at Dayr al-Hammam, 806, 807
at Dayr Harmina, 808
at Dayr al-Ikhwah, 808
at Dayr al-‘Izam, 810
at Dayr al-Jabrawi, 810, 811-812
at Dayr al-Janadlab, 704, 705-706
at Dayr al-Jarnus, 813
at Dayr al-Khandaq, 815
at Dayr al-Kubaniyyah, 815-816, 816
at Dayr al-Madinah, 817, 818
at Dayr al-Majma‘, 820-82 1
at Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 713, 823, 825-826
at Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Naqadah), 827
at Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Qamulah), 828
at Dayr Mar Buqtur (Qamulah), 829-830
at Dayr Mar Jirjis (Sadamant-Fayyum), 831
at Dayr Mar Jirjis al-Hadidi, 713
at Dayr Mar Tumas, 835-836
at Dayr al-Matmar, 836-837
at Dayr al-Maymun, 838, 839
at Dayr al-Muharraq, 1969
at Dayr al-Naqlun, 845-846
at Dayr al-Nasara, 848
at Dayr al-Qasriyyah, 849-850
at Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 851-852
at Dayr al-Qusayr (Turah), 854-855
at Dayr Rifah, 855-856
at Dayr al-Sanquriyyah, 860
at Dayr al-Shahid Tadrus al-Muharib, 862
at Dayr al-Sham‘, 863, 864, 865
at Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Akhmim), 865-866
at Dayr al-Shuhada’ (Isna), 868-870
at Dayr Sitt Dimyanah, 713, 871, 872
at Dayr al-Sultan, 872
at Dayr al-Suryan, 876, 878, 880
at Dayr Tasa, 881
at Dayr al-Tin, 881
at Dayr al-Zawiyah, 884
dedicated to Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2307
in Dinushar, 903
donations to, 1430
in Dumyat, 926
in al-Farama, 1089
in Faras, 1090, 1091
Franciscan in Egypt, 1123
Gabriel II prohibition against burial within, 1128
Gospel caskets in sanctuary, 1153
At Hawwarah, 1210-1211
at Hawwariyyah, 1211-1212
historic Alexandrian, 92-95
in Holy Land, 1244-1247
icon placement in, 1276
icons, post-l7th-century, 1270
inscriptions, 192-193
in Jerusalem, Coptic see of, 1326- 1329
at Karm al-Akhbariyyah,1391- 1392
at Karnak, 1393, 1394, 1394
of Kellia, 1404-1405, 1406-1407
at Khirbat al-Filusiyyah, 1414
at Kom Namrud, 1418
at Lalibala, 1425-1426
lecterns, 1434-1435
at Luxor temples, 1485
at Madamud, 1494-1495
at Madinat Habu, 1497
at Madinat Madi, 1498
at Makhurah, 1512-1513
Mamluk destruction of, 1518
at Manqabad, 1523
Maqrizi history on, 1525
at Mareotis, 1527
Mark’s home as first, 1529
in Memphis, 1587
at Mit Damsis, 1970-1971
at Mount Sinai Monastery of Saint Catherine, 1682-1684, 1683, 1902
murals in, 1874-1875
at Musturud, 1970
non-Chalcedonian. See Oriental Orthodox churches
Nubian architecture, 1807-1810, 1808, 1809, 1810
Nubian art, 1091-1092
octagon-domed, 1823-1824
parekklesia (subsidiary), 1902
at Pbow, 1927-1929, 1928
at Philae, 1956, 1955
at Qal‘at al-Babayn, 2035
at Qasr Ibrim, 2037
at Qasr Nisimah, 2038
at Qasr al-Sham‘, 2038
at Qift, 2039-2040
in Qus, 2043, 2045
restorations under Mark III, 1535
rock, 716, 747, 770, 771, 798, 853, 1425-1426, 1426, 1656
Saladin decree for painting black, 1535
Shams al-Din, 2127, 2127
Shaykh ‘abd al-Qurnah, 2128, 2129
status during Muslim domination, 687, 693-694, 1098, 1535
at Tud, 2279-2280, 22
at Umm al-Barakat, 2290, 2290
see also specific church and saint names
The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighbouring
Countries Attributed to Aba Salih (Abu al-Makarim), 23, 33, 856, 1462
Church of the Forty-nine Martyrs (Harit al-Rum), 753, 2046
Church of the Four Beasts of the Revelation (Jerusalem), 1328
Church hierarchy. See Ecclesiastical hierarchy; Hierarchy, church
Church historians. See Historians; specific names
Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (Dayr Anba Antuniyus),
720, 722, 724
Church of the Holy Sepulcher (Jerusalem), 1097, 1098, 1099
destruction of, 1203
Church of the Holy Virgin (Dayr Anba Antuniyus), 721
Church of the Holy Virgin Mary (Dayr Anba Bula), 741
Church of the Island (Pharos), 93
Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints, 2108
Church of John the Baptist (Alexandrian Melchite church), 94
Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352.
Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372
Church of John the Baptist and the Prophet Elijah (Alexandria), 93
Church of Joseph (the Prophet) (Alexandria vicinity), 94
Church of al-Khandaq. See Dayr al-Khandaq
Church manual. See Didache
Church of Mar Jirjis (Saint George) (Old Cairo), 2038
Church of Mark the Evangelist (al-Qamhah) (Alexandria), 94
Church of Mar Mina (Babylon), 320, 321
Church of Mar Saba (Alexandria), 92
Church of the Martyr Abiskhanun, 752
Church of Mercurius. See Church of Abu Sayfayn
Church of Michael the Archangel, see also Church of Saint Michael
Church of Michael the Archangel (Alexandria), 92, 93
dedication of, 1617-1618
Church of Michael the Archangel (Durunkah), 927
Church of Michael the Archangel (Jerusalem), 1328
Church Missionary Society (CMS), 131
Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Alexandria), 93, 94
Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 557-560, 557, 559, 1207,
1208-1209, 1532, 1536, 2038
ambo in, 111
convent at, 2325
destruction of portions during patriarchy of John XI, 1345
Gabriel II anointed in, 1128
Gabriel V as hegumenos of, 1130
iconography of Ascension of Christ, 244, 558
lintel, 244-245, 245
and Nasim Abu Sa‘d ibn ‘Abd al-Sayyid, 1775
as patriarchal seat, 92, 558, 1912, 1999, 2159-2160
repairs and restoration, 11, 558
wood lintel, 2343
Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem), 1244-1245
Church of Niederglatt (Saint Gall), 1110
Church of Saint John (Alexandria), 93, 94
Church of Saint John (Dayr al-Majma‘), 820, 821
Church of Saint John (Dayr al-Suryan), 879
Church of the Holy Virgin in Gethsemane. See Jerusalem, Coptic
See of
Church of Our Lady (Dayr al-Muharraq), 1969
Church of Our Lady (Martmaryam) (Alexandria), 93
Church of Our Lady (Old Cairo). See Church of al-Mu‘allaqah
Church of Our Lady (Shubra), 882
Church of Qasriyat al-Rihan. See Babylon
Church of the Qaysariyyah (Alexandrian Melchite church), 94
Church of Queen Helena (Jerusalem), 1327
Church of the Resurrection (Jerusalem), 446, 1326, 1328
Church of Rome. See Roman Catholic church
Church of Saint Ammonius and the Martyrs (Dayr al-Shuhada’), 869
Church of Saint Andrew (Jericho), 1245
Church of Saint Antony (Dayr Anba Antuniyus), 720, 722, 724, 725
Church of Saint Antony (Dayr al-Mayun), 839, 839
Church of Saint Antony (Jaffa), 1246- 1247
Church of Saint Antony (Jericho), 1246
Church of Saint Antony (Jerusalem), 1327
Church of Saint Colluthus (Antinoopolis), 1874
Church of Saint Gabriel (al-Naqlun), 845
Church of Saint George (Alexandria), 92, 94
Church of Saint George (Jerusalem), 1327-1328
Church of Saint George (Old Cairo), 881, 1207, 1208-1209
Church of Saint George (Turah), 1536
Church of Saint John the Baptist (Alexandria), 101, 1870
Church of Saint John the Baptist (River Jordan), 1246
Church of Saint John the Baptist (Scetis), 792
Church of Saint John the Evangelist (Alexandria), 92
Church of Saint John of Sanhut (Damanhur Shubra), 882
Church of Saint Joseph (Cairo), 1123
Church of Saint Macarius, 749, 750-75 1, 754
Church of Saint Mark (Dayr Anba Antuniyus), 720-721, 722
Church of Saint Mark (Dayr Asfal al-Ard), 783
Church of Saint Mary (Philae), 1954
Church of Saint Menas (Abu Mina) (Alexandria), 92, 94
Church of Saint Mercurius (Alexandria), 92
Church of Saint Mercurius (Dayr Anba Bula), 743
Church of Saint Mercurius (Dayr al-Maymun), 839, 839
Church of Saint Mercurius (Old Cairo). See Church of Abu Sayfayn;
Dayr Abu Sayfayn
Church of Saint Michael (Babylon), 323
Church of Saint Michael (al-Bhari), 815
Church of Saint Michael (Dayr Anba Bishoi), 736
Church of Saint Michael (Dayr Anba Bula), 741
Church of Saint Michael (Dayr al-Majma‘), 820, 821
Church of Saint Michael (Dayr al-Naqlun), 845
Church of Saint Michael (Kafr al-Dayr), 1656
Church of Saint Nicholas (Alexandria), 94
Church of Saint Palaemon. See Dayr Sitt Dimyanah
Church of Saint Paul of Thebes, 721, 741
Church of Saint Peter the Apostle (Alexandria), 94
Church of Saint Raphael at Tamit, 2201
Church of Saint Sanutius (Alexandria), 94
Church of Saint Sergius, 318, 319, 320
altar made of wood, 2328
as patriarchal site, 1912
Church of Saints Felix and Regula (Zurich), 1110
Church of Saint Shenute, 768-769, 1875
Church of Saint Sinuthius, 321-322, 322, 321-322, 322
Church of Saint Sophia (Constantinople), 2143, 2144
Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus (Church of the Nativity) (Cairo), 1875
Church of Saints Sergius and Wachas (Alexandria), 94
Church of Saint Stephen (Philae), 1870
Church of Saint Theodorus (Shubra), 882
Church of Saint Thomas, 835-836
Church of Santa Maria Novella (Florence), 1119
Church of the Saviour (Alexandria), 94
Church of the Sepulcher of the Holy Virgin (Jerusalem), 1328
Church of Sitt Barbarah (Old Cairo), 318-319, 2038
door, 2332
screen, 2335
Church of Sitt Dimyanah, 872
Church of Sitt Maryam, 3 19-320, 879, 880
Church of Thaddaeus (Alexandria), 93
Church of Thalwil (Zurich), 1110
Church of Theodosius (Alexandria), 94
Church of the Three Peasants (Dayr al-Shuhada’), 870
Church of the Tomb of the Prophet Jeremiah (Alexandria vicinity), 94
Church of the Virgin (Babylon), 320, 323
Church of the Virgin in the Desert of Apa Shenute, 763
Church of the Virgin Mary (Alexandria), 93
Church of the Virgin Mary (Dahshur), 685
Church of the Virgin Mary (Dayr al-‘Adhra’), 927
Church of the Virgin Mary (Dumyat), 925
Church of the Virgin (Old Cairo), 1207, 1208-1209
Church of Wattwil (Saint Gall), 1110
Ciasca, Agostino, 560
Ciborium, 202
Circumcellion movement, 920
Circumcision, 1581, 1699
Circumcision, Feast of, 1106
Cities
Abuqir, 31-32
Abusir (Taposiris Magna), 34
Abyar, 38
al-Afrajun, 64
Alexandria, 95-102
Ansina, 142-143
Armant, 233-234
Ashmun, 285
al-Ashmunayn, 285-288
Atrib, 307
Babylon, 317
al-Bahnasa, 330
al-Balyana, 333
Bana, 333
Bani Suef, 335
al-Baramun, 344-345
Bastah, 360-361
al-Batanun, 361
Bilbeis, 391
Dongola, 921-922
Dumyat, 925-926
Durunkah, 926-927
al-Farama, 1089-1090
Fayyum, 1100
Fuwwah, 1125-1126
Giza, 1141-1142
Greek in Egypt, 1179-1181
Harit al-Rum section of Old Cairo, 1206-1207
Harit Zuwaylah section of Old Cairo, 1207-1209
Hiw, 1242-1243
Ibtu, 1275
Idfa, 1280
Idku, 1280-1281
Isna, 1312
Itfih, 1313
Luxor, 1484
al-Mahallah al-Kubra, 1510
al-Mansurah, 1524
Mareotis, 1526- 1527
Memphis, 1586-1587
Minuf al-‘Ulyah, 1633
Minya, 1634
Naqadah, 1774
Naucratis, 1783-1784, 1783-1784
Nikiou, 1793
Pimandjoili, 1977
Qallin, 2036
Qalyub, 2036
al-Qays, 2038
Qift, 2038-2040
Qina, 2040
Rashid, 2054
Samannud, 2090
Soba, 2141-2142
Tinnis, 2269
Tmuis, 2270
see also Toponymy, Coptic; Towns and settlements; specific cities
Civil law. See Law, Coptic
Clapper (castanet), 1739, 2333, 2334
Claremont Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, 1899
Clarinet, 1740
Clarke, Somers, 560
on Dayr al-Majma‘, 820, 821
on Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu), 825
on Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 825-826
on Durunkah, 926
Classical subjects. See Mythological subjects in Coptic art; specific pagan deities
Claude of Antioch, Saint, 592, 701
Claudian (poet), 100
Claudius II, Emperor, 1377, 1378, 1530, 1914
Claudius Labib. See Iqladyus Labib
Claudius, Saint, 561, 732
paintings of, 727, 869
Claudius Ptolemy, 1731
Claudius Stratelates (martyr), 1456, 1553
Cleansing. See Ablution
Clédat, Jean, 561, 1482
Clement, Canons of. See Canons of Clement
Clement I, Saint, 561-562, 2083
as apostolic father, 180
patristic writings, 1920
see also Octateuch of Clement
Clement VIII, Pope (Rome), signing of Act of Union, 716, 810
Clement of Alexandria, Saint, 562-563, 1096
and Alexandrian theology. See subhead Catechetical School
on angels, 132
apologia, 176
and baptism, 337
and Basilides, 356-357
on Carpocratian sect, 460-461
and Catechetical School, 100-101, 103-104, 470, 474, 892, 893, 931
on celibacy, 476
and Chairemon of Alexandria, 512
on Clement I, Saint, 561
and Coptic education, 932
in defense of the faith, 176-177
docetism and, 917
on ecclesiastical hierarchy, 2016
on Egyptian religion, 1867
on encratites, 958
and eschatology, 973
on Eucharist, 597, 1065
feast day, 2083
and Gnostic-related concepts, 470, 1076, 1148, 1150, 1163
on Gospel of Saint Mark, 1158, 1161
and Heracleon, 1219
on incense use, 1472
in Jerusalem, 1324
and liturgical music, 1732, 1733
on marriage, 1542, 1543
on mixing Eucharistic wine with water, 1065
on Nativity date, 1102
Pantaenus’ influence on, 1881
Philo and, 1957
and Secret Gospel of Saint Mark, 2118-2119
on symbolism of women’s headdress, 641
and Teachings of Silvanus, 2207
and Testimony of Truth, 2210
and Theotokos, 2255
Clement of Rome. See Clement I, Saint
Cleopas, Saint, 2083
Cleopatra, Queen, 90, 1617
Cleopatra (town), 695-696
Clerestory. See Basilica
Clerical College (Cairo), 563-564, 1302, 1397, 1737, 1962
and Anba Ruways Monastery, 129
and Cyril V, 679
and Habib Jirjis, 1189
and Higher Institute of Coptic Studies, 1230
and inception of Coptic youth movements, 2354
and Iqaldiyus Labib, 1302
reforms in, 1465
role in Coptic education, 931-933
and Samuel, Bishop, 2090-2091
and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2096
and Shenouda III, 567, 2130
and Tadrus Shinudah al-Manqabadi, 2197-2198
and Yacobos II, 2349
and Yassa ‘Abd al-Masih, 2353
Clerical instruction, 564-565, 1844
Clermont-Tonnerre, Amédée de, 1285
Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio, 1764
Clodius Culcianus, Prefect, 1937, 1963-1964, 2009
Cloister. See Atrium
Clothing. See Costume, civil; Costume, military; Costume of the
religious; Textiles, Coptic
Clysma, 565
chapels marking Exodus, 1976
as John Colobos refuge, 701, 795
as shipbuilding center, 89
Coats. See Costume, civil
Codex, 565-566, 566, 567
bookbinding, 407-409
see also Codicology; Manuscripts; Nag Hammadi Library
Codex Alexandrinus, 566-567
Codex Askewianus, 1148
Codex Brucianus, 1148
Codex cover, 409
Codex Ephraemi Syri, 566, 568
Codex Jung, 568-569
Codex Justinianus, 569-570, 1889, 1385
Codex Sinaiticus, 566, 567, 570-571, 1222, 1900
Codex Theodosianus, 1889
Codex Vaticanus, 566, 567, 572
Codex VII. See Second Treatise of the Great Seth
Codicology, 572-573
Coffer, 203
Coffins, wood, 2330-233 1
Cohort. See Army, Roman
Coinage in Egypt, 573-576
Byzantine, 53, 574
Coptic, 944
Dayr Abu Qarqurah excavation, 709
Islamic period, 575-576
Roman Empire, 905, 907
Colcasia antiquorum (vegetable), 1103
Collège de France, 1440
Collucianists. See Lucian of Antioch
Colluthus, 577
Colluthus, Saint, 771
martyrdom of, 701, 702, 1554
Colobos, John. See John Colobos, Saint
Cologne Mani Codex, 1899
Colonnade, 204
Colophon, 577
Columbia University, New York City, 780, 1895
Column, 202-207, 205-207, 2167
woodwork, 2345
Combs
ivory artwork, 406-407, 406
weaver’s wooden, 2340-2341, 2341
woodwork, 2327, 2336-2337, 2337
Comintern, 1996
Commentaries of ‘Abdallah ibn al-Tayyib, manuscripts in National
Library, Paris, 1777
Commentaries on Corinthians (Origen), 1847
Commentaries on the Creed (medieval)
of Abu al-Majd, 22-23
of Ibn Kabar, 21
of Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘, 21
Commentaries on the Gospels, manuscripts in National Library, Paris, 1777, 1778
Commentaries on Job (Didymus), 900
Commentaries of Origen, 1847, 1852-1853
Commentary on the Apocalypse, 1268
Commentary on the Creed (Abu al-Majd), 21-23
Commentary on Ecclesiastes (Gregory of Nyssa), 1184-1185
A Commentary on Psalms XX-XLXI (Didymus), 900
Commentary on Saint John’s Gospel (Origen), 1847
Commission for the Preservation of Arab Monuments, 1700
Commodus, Emperor, 892, 1914
Communicatio idiomatum, 578, 1441, 2255
Communion, 578-579, 1567-1568
ablution before and during, 8-9
and absolution, 17
and baptism, 339
baptism prerequisite, 1106
concomitance belief, 584
and confirmation, 586
consubstantiation doctrine, 597-598
excommunication from, 1079-1080
liturgical instruments, 1472-1473
in marriage ceremony, 1543
and pilgrimages, 1968
and reservation of the blessed sacrament, 2073
on Saturday, 2098-2099
see also Eucharist
Communion of the sick, 579-580, 2073
see also Unction of the sick
Communion table, 580
Communion vessels
chalice, 1065
Coptic glass, 1146
Community Council, Coptic, 580-581
and Boutros Ghali, 416
and Clerical College founding, 563
defense of, 1962, 1963
formation of, 1941-1942
and Habib Jirjis, 1189
and Higher Institute of Coptic Studies founding, 1230
and John XIX, 1351
and Sa‘d Mikha’il ‘Abdu, 2073-2074
and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2097
and Tadrus Shinudah al-Manqabadi, 2198
and waqf, 2319
and Ya‘qub Nakhlah Rufaylah, 2353
Compline, 582-583, 900
Concept of Our Great Power, 583
Conch shell, as Coptic art symbol, 2163-2164
Concomitance, 584
Concordat of 616, 688
Conferences (John Cassian), 1663
Confession and penitence, 584-585
absolution, 15-17
penance, 1932
Confessions (Augustine), 1929, 1982
Confessions of the Fathers (anthology), 21
Confirmation, 585-586
anointing and, 138, 586
Confraternity, 586-587
Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, 1122
Congress of Asyut, Coptic. See Coptic Congress of Asyut
Conon. See Quna (martyr)
Consecration, 588
of altar, 108-109
of baptistery, 342-343
of bishop, 394, 395-398
of building and objects, 139-140
of church. See Church, consecration of
of liturgical instruments, 1469
of liturgical vestments, 1475-1476
of patriarch, 1909-1910, 1912
prayers for, 1566-1567
of vessels and icons, 140; see also Eucharistic vessels
Constans, Emperor, 150, 1678
Constantine I, Emperor, 588-590, 920, 1618, 2063
and Alexandria, 101
antipaganism of, 1869
and Antony of Egypt, Saint, 150
and Athanasius exile, 299
and audientia episcopalis, 308
and canon law, 1941
and Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem), 1244-1245
conversion of, 1551
on Easter designation, 1104
and Eudoxia, 1067
and Eusebius, 1071
and Eusignius, Saint, 1072
and holy places rediscovered in Jerusalem, 1324
and homoousion controversy, 1253
and Nicaea, Council of, 81, 83, 232, 589-590, 1791, 1792
patriarch under, 1914
reforms in Egypt, 943, 944
and Theodotus of Ancyra, 2243
vision of the cross of Christ; 1072, 1243-1244, 1377
Constantine II, Emperor
and Melchite patriarchy, 93
patriarch under, 1914
Constantine V, Emperor,
and iconoclasm, 1275, 1276
Constantine VI, Emperor, 1275
Constantine VII, Emperor, 1098
Constantine IX, Emperor, 1099
Constantine of Asyut, Bishop, 84, 296, 590-592
Basil of Oxyrhynchus writings and, 360
on Coptic hagiography, 1192-1193
panegyrics by, 1456
Constantine the Great. See Constantine I, Emperor
Constantinople
Acacian schism with Rome, 42-47
administrative organization of Egypt, 934
Alexandria and, 98-99
Antiochene problem, 688
Arab naval assault on (717-718), 85, 2286
Byzantine influences on Coptic art, 241-243
and Egyptian annona, 135
founding of, 590, 943
patriarchs, 2016-2017
see of, 913
Tall Brothers exile in, 916
Theotokos as protector of, 1276
Constantinople, First Council of (381), 230, 593-595, 1671
on anointing of heretics,138-139
on Apollinarianism, 174, 1669
and Apostolic Constitutions, 179
and Arian controversy, 230
bishop’s consecration affirming, 394, 396
on confirmation, 586
and ecclesiastical use of eparchy, 959
and Gregory of Nyssa, 1184
Henoticon edict affirming, 1217
on the Holy Spirit, 1250
and homoiousion controversy, 1253
homoousion reinstatement, 1253
on nature of Christ, 525
and Nicene Creed, 1116, 1793
on Origen, 1850
on Sabellianism, 2072
and semi-Arians, 2118
and Timothy I, 2263
and Zeno, Emperor, 2370
Constantinople, Second Council of (553), 595-596, 1676
and Didymus the Blind, 900
on Origen, 1851, 1855-1856
and Theodorus of Mopsuestia’s writings, 2239
on three-immersion baptism, 1286
Constantinople, Third Council of (680-681), 1678, 596-597
Constantius II, Emperor, 2, 101, 102, 150, 904, 1380, 1381, 1869, 1959
Constitutions of the Holy Apostles. See Apostolic Constitutions
Consubstantiation, 590, 597-598
see also Homoiousion; Homoousion
Consultative Council, 598
Contra Celsum (Origen), 176-177, 1847, 1854
Contra Julianum (Cyril of Alexandria), 177
Convents. See Women’s religious communities
Conversion of dates, 435-436
Conversion to Christianity. See Baptism; Catechumen; Missionaries
Conversion to Islam. See Egypt, Islamization of
Cooking vessels. See Ceramics, Coptic
Copper coins, 575, 576
Copres, Saint (monk and martyr), 598, 1554
Copt, definition of, 599-601
Coptic archbishops in Jerusalem, 1325-1326
Coptic art. See Art headings; Art and architecture; Christian subjects
in Coptic art; Church art; Monastery paintings; Mythological
subjects in Coptic art; Painting, Coptic mural; Portraiture;
Statuary; Sculpture in stone; Symbols in Coptic art
Coptic Catholic Church, 601-602
and Coptic relations with Rome, 611
and Jesuits in Egypt, 1330
and monophysitism, 547-548
and Sicard, Claude, 2137
in the Sudan, 2157-2 158
see also Coptic relations with Rome
Coptic Clerical College (Cairo). See Clerical College
Coptic collections. See Museums, Coptic collections in; Papyrus
collections; specific museums
Coptic Community Council. See Community Council, Coptic
Coptic Congress of Asyut (1911), 602-603, 1465, 1466, 1627, 1693, 1911, 2011
and Egyptian Conference of Heliopolis, 948
and Egyptian national unity, 950-951
and Wissa Wassef, 2323
Coptic correspondence, 970-971
Coptic Dictionary (Crum), 614, 661
Coptic Dictionary (Spiegelberg), 2145
Coptic Evangelical Church, 603-604
in the Sudan, 2158
Coptic Grammar (Steindorif), 2148
Coptic history. See Hagiography, Coptic; Historians; specific
aspects
Coptic Horologion, 4
Coptic Hospital, 1693
Coptic language. See Language, Coptic; specific dialects and
Appendix
Coptic language, spoken, 604-606
Coptic Legion, 1206, 1512, 1524, 2089, 2137
establishment of, 1417
study sources, 2350
see also Ya‘qub, General
Coptic Life of Maximus and Domitius. See Maximus and Domitius
Coptic literature. See Literature, Coptic
Coptic martyrs. See Martyrs
Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 4, 8, 74-76, 208, 607-608, 607, 710, 776, 777, 800, 824, 844, 1138, 1427, 1449, 1698, 1701, 2040
Coptic metalwork examples, 1596, 1598, 1599-1601, 1599, 1602
and Coptological studies, 615-616
founder of, 1700
manuscript on life of Paul of Tamma at, 1925
and Nag Hammadi codices, 1771-1773
papyrus collection, 1892
pen cases at, 1933
Coptic Nation Association (Jama‘at al-Ummah al-Qibtiyyah), 1694
Coptic Orthodox Church, History of. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria
Coptic Orthodox Hermitage of Saint Mark (Toulon), 1623
Coptic Patriarchate (Cairo), 1892
Coptic Reform Society, 608-609
Coptic relations with Rome, 609-611
see also Roman Catholic church; Trent, Council of
Coptic See of Jerusalem. See Jerusalem, Coptic See of
Coptic Street, London, 611-612
Coptic studies. See Coptological studies; Coptology; Scholars
Coptic Testament of Isaac, 164, 612
Coptic Trading Corporation, 2198
Copto-Armenian relations. See Armenians and the Copts
Copto-Ethiopian church negotiations. See Ethiopian Church
Autocephaly
Coptologia (journal), 613
Coptological studies, 612-616
Awlad al-‘Assal family and, 310-311
Chaîne, Marius Jean Joseph, 511-512
Chassinat, Emile Gaston, 516-517
Ciasca, Agostino, 560
Clédat, Jean, 561
Cramer, Maria, 656-657
Crum, Walter Ewing, 663
Gaselee, Stephen, 1136
Heuser, Gustav, 1227
international congresses and associations, 1299-1301
Jernstedt, Peter Viktorovich, 1323
Jesuit contributions, 1330
Junker, Hermann, 1383
and Nag Hammadi Library, 1770-1773
O’Leary, De Lacy Evans, 1840
OmarToussoun, 1315-1316
Rösch, Friedrich, 2067
Saint-Paul-Girard, Louis, 2081
Schmidt, Carl, 2106-2107
Scholtz, Christian, 2107
Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf, 2107
Simon, Jean, 2140
Stegemann, Viktor, 2148
Steindorff, Georg, 2148
Thompson, Henry Francis Herbert, 2257
Till, Walter, 2261
value of inscriptions, 1291
Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 2299
Worrell, William Hoyt, 2348
see also Archaeologists; Archives; Coptology; Excavations;
Libraries; Manuscripts; Museums; Papyrus collections; Scholars;
Society of Coptic Archaeology; specific countries, personal
names, and subjects
Coptology, 616-618
Coptos. See Qift
Copts in late medieval Egypt, 618-634
Copts and Moslems Under the British Control (Mikhail), 1627
Corbels, wood, 2344-2345, 2344
Corinthian capital, 205-206, 205, 206, 739, 760
at al-Ashmunayn, 287
church at Dayr Anba Bishoi (Suhaj), 739
church at Dayr Anba Samu’iil of Qalamun, 760
church at Dayr al-Maymun, 839
Cornelius, 635, 1618
Cornelius the Centurion, Saint, 2083
Corpus, Apollo, and Peter, Saints, 2083
Corpus Hermeticum. See Hermes Trismegistus
Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium edition. See
Synaxarion, Copto-Arabic
Correspondence. See Epistolography
Cosmas I, Patriarch, 334, 636, 1589, 2083
dates of patriarchy, 1915
Cosmas II, Patriarch, 636-637, 902, 903, 2083
dates of patriarchy, 1916
Yuhanna biography of, 2356
Cosmas III, Patriarch, 637-638, 2083
dates of patriarchy, 1916
Cosmas and Damian, Saints (martyrs), 636-640, 1554, 1576, 1973
churches dedicated to, 93, 126, 716-717, 2017
as doctors, 1213
Cosmas Indicopleustes, 640-641, 1635
and Timothy III, 2268
Cosmos. See Quzman of Taha and his companions (martyrs)
Cosson, A. F. C., de, 1397, 1402
Costume, civil, 641-648, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647
belts and handbags, 645
dalmatic, 647-648
Dhimmis requirements, 72
distinguishing Copts, 1535
headdresses, 641-642
hides and skins, preservation of, 280
leather sandals and shoes, 1433
Nubian, 1820
scarves, 643-644
shawls, 642-643
socks, sandals, and shoes, 645-647
tunics, 644-645
undergarments, 645
see also Textiles, Coptic
Costume, military, 649-650, 649
Costume of the religious, 650-655
anchorites, 130
bishop’s consecration, 395-396
see also Liturgical vestments
Cotton, used in Coptic textiles, 2213
Councils, ecumenical. See name inverted, e.g., Chalcedon, Council of
Courts. See Law; Personal status courts
Covenant of ‘Umar, 655-656, 1570
and Cosmas I, 636
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah commentary on, 1269-1270
and Incident of the Churches, 2314
and John VIII patriarchy, 1343-1344
and John XI patriarchy, 1345
and Mamluks, 2318
renewal of, 1518
Cramer, Maria, 656-657, 1727
Credit. See Law of obligation
Creed. See Apostle’s Creed; Athanasian Creed; Constantinople, First Council of; Nicene Creed
Crete, 1098
Cromer, Lord (British High Commissioner), 1693
Cronius of Nitria, Saint, 149, 2083
see also Antony of Egypt, Saint
Cronus (pagan god), 1617
Crops. See Agriculture
Crosby Scliøyen Codex, 656-658
Cross
ankh shape, 134-135
on antimension, 144
apparitions of sign of the, 1243-1244
Constantine the Great vision, 1072, 1243-1244, 1377
Coptic, 406, 407
Coptic colored glass inlays, 1146
Coptic metalwork, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1597, 1606
Holy Cross Day, 1243-1244
illuminated manuscript depiction, 1284
intersected, 252
Lalibala church in shape of,1425
legends on discovery of, 1377-1378; see also Constantine,
Emperor; Helena, Saint
liturgical insignia, 1468-1469
manual, liturgical use of, 1472
in mural paintings, 1875
pectoral. See Liturgical insignia
as primary motif in the Kellia, 1409
processional. See Liturgical insignia
Saladin’s decrees against, 1535
sculpture in stone depictions, 2114, 2116
as symbol in Coptic art, 2 164-2166
wall painting depictions, 779, 1660, 1875
woodworked, 2331, 2331
Cross, sign of the, 658
see also Holy Cross Day
Cross, Triumph of the, 658-659, 659
Cross, veneration of the, 660
Cross of Christ. See Holy Cross Day
Cross-in-square, 660-661
in Nubian Christian architecture, 661, 1810
see also Architectural elements of churches
Cross with tapers, 1469
Cross vault. See Vault
Crotalum, 1604-1605, 1740
Crowns. See Diadems; Miter
Crucifixion. See Cross; Good Friday; Holy Cross Day; Incarnation
Cruet, 1472-1473, 1598
Crum, Walter Ewing, 614, 663, 780, 806, 1448, 1726, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895
and Erman, Adolf, 973
and identity of Hor, 1254
and identity of John of Armant, 1354
on Latson, Apa, 1427
on Severian of Jabalah, 2123
and Shenute text-editing, 1452
Crusades, Copts and the, 314-3 15, 663-665
alliances with Fatimids and Byzantines, 1099
in Apocryphal Apocalypse of Daniel, 165
and Athanasius III patriarchy, 303
and Ayyubid dynasty, 3 14-315
Coptic view of, 1488, 1615
and Dayr al-‘Adhra (Samalut), 716
and Dayr Asfal al-Ard, 783
and Dayr al-Sultan, 872
defeat at al-Mansurah, 1524
and Dumyat destruction, 925
and al-Farama destruction, 1090
Muslim view of, 939
Peter I (Pierre) de Lusignan, 1537, 1569-1570
and pilgrimages to Christian Egypt, 1975
Crux ansata
in Triumph of the Cross tapestry, 659
see also Ankh
Crypt, 208-209
Saint Sergius, 318, 320
Cryptograms, 1863
Cryptography. See Appendix
Cryptophoneme. See Appendix
Cultural Center of the Villa Hügel (Essen), 257
Cups, 1601-1602
Currency. See Coinage in Egypt
Curses, 1931-1932
Curzon, Robert, 665-666, 879, 1448
Cuthbert, Saint (British Isles), 419
Cycle, 666-668, 1457-1458
Anub, 152
Archelaus of Neapolis, 192
Bacheus, 324
Basilidas, 1553
Basil of Oxyrhynchus, 360
and Coptic hagiography, 1191-1193, 1196
Demetrius of Antioch, 893
Eustathius of Thrace, 1073
John Chrysostom, 1358
Theodosius of Jerusalem, 2242
see also Hagiography; Literature, Coptic; specific cycles
Cycle of Athanasius, 666-667
Cycle of Basil of Caesarea, 667
Cycle of Basilides. See Basilides; names of specific martyrs and saints
Cycle of Cyril of Jerusalem, 667
Cycle of Evodius of Rome, 667-668
Cycle of John Chrysostom and Demetrius, 667
Cycle of Julius of Aqfahs, and martyrdom of Saint Ari, 229
Cycle of Theodores, 668
Cycle of Theophilus, 667
Cycle of Victor, Claudius, and Cosmas and Damian, 668
Cymbals, 1604-1605, 1738, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1968
Cyriacus and Julitta, Saints (martyrs), 671, 1554
Cyprian of Carthage, 890
Cyprian the Magician, Saint, 668-669, 1504, 1945, 1946
Cyprus, monasteries in, 1647-1648
Cyrenaica. See Pentapolis
Cyriacus, Bishop of al-Bahnasa, 669-670, 813, 2305
Cyriacus, King of Nubia, 1411
Cyril I, Saint and Patriarch, 20, 44, 55, 71, 93, 671-675, 926, 1674, 1676, 1921, 2083
anaphora, 71, 123-124, 352, 988-990, 1066-1067, 1539
on anathema, 127-128, 1217
anathemas accepted at Ephesus, Second Council of, 961-962
on Assumption, 292
and bishop’s translation, 399
and Celestinus, 475
and Chalcedon, Council of, 512-515
Christology, 514-515, 523, 547, 596, 913, 914, 1669, 1672
on communicatio idiomatum, 578
contra Julianum, 177
and Coptic Catholic Church, 601-602
and Cycle of Athanasius, 666
Cyrillian mass, 1532
dates of patriarchy, 1915
in defense of the faith, 176-177
and Dioscorus I, 912-913
and Egyptian paganism, 1868
and Ephesus, First Council of, 762, 959-960
on the Eucharist, 597
and Eutyches, 1074-1075
and filioque justification, 1115
and Henoticon edict, 1217
Hesychius of Alexandria and letters of, 1227
homily on John Chrysostom and Theophilius, 1358
homily on Raphael, Archangel, 2053
homily on the Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258
and hypostatic union, 1262
on Incarnation, 1287
and John of Antioch, Bishop, 1354
and Leo I the Great, 1440, 1441
liturgical authorship, 1733
on marriage, 1542-1543
on musical instruments, 1738
on nature of Christ. See subhead Christology
and Nestorians, 609, 1785-1786
opposition to anthropomorphism, 758, 1652
on paschal controversy, 1906
patristic writings, 1921
and Pelagianism, 1930
and Pulcheria, 2033
and Shenute, Saint, 213 1-2132
and Susinius, Saint, 2087
and Theodoret, 2236
and Theodotus of Ancyra, Bishop, 2242
and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2248
on Theotokos, 270, 542, 2255
on unction of the sick, 2292
Cyril II, Patriarch, 675-676
and Alexandrian historic church restoration, 94
and Badr al-Jamali, 325
biography, 1573, 1574
and canons of Coptic law, 450
and Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo), 558
condemnation of cheirotonia, 517
consecration of Sawiros as Ethiopian metropolitan, 1005
Dahlak refuge, 685
dates of patriarchy, 1917
feast day as saint, 2083
and Ghuzz plunder, 689
and James of Scetis, 1322
and liturgical language, 1734
Cyril III ibn Laqlaq, Patriarch, 38, 677, 1009, 1207, 1209, 1613
and Basilios I as Jerusalem archbishop, 1325
and Bulus al-Bushi, 423
church law codification, 1942
and Coptic relations with Rome, 609
and Damanhur bishops, 686
dates of patriarchy, 1917
and Dayr al-Nastur, 848
death and burial at Dayr al-Sham‘, 865
and Epiphany tanks, 968
and Joseph, Bishop of Fuwwah, 1126
and al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal, 2075, 2078
Cyril IV, Patriarch, 358, 677-679, 1613, 1614, 1693, 1993
and cantorial training, 1736-1737
and Coptic Clerical College founding, 1962
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 723
educational reforms, 932-933
Ethiopian visit, 1035
icon destruction by, 293, 1278
and ‘Iryan Jirjis Muftah, 1302-1303
patriarchal residence, 1206, 2000
and printing of Bohairic-Coptic Bible, 564
reforms of, 580-58 1, 932-933, 1465, 1466
and Sa‘d Mikha’il ‘Abdu, 2073
and Tadrus al-Mashriqi as historian of, 2197
Cyril V, Patriarch, 679, 1465, 1629, 1647
and ‘Abd al-Masih Salib al-Masu‘di, 7
and Abraam I, 10
and apocryphal literature, 161
and baptismal prayer wording, 343
and Boutros Ghali, 416
and British occupation of Egypt, 420-422
and cantorial training, 1737
and Clerical College founding, 563
condemnation of apocrypha, 161
and Coptic community council, 580, 1693
and Coptic Congress of Asyut, 602-603
and Coptic education, 932-933
and Coptic Museum (Old Cairo), 607
dates of patriarchy, 1919
Dayr al-Amir Tadrus as retirement site, 718
and Dayr Shahran, 863
and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 980
and Ethiopian church controversies, 986-987
and Habib Jirjis, 1189
and Haile Selassie I, 1198
and inception of Coptic Youth movements, 2354
and Iqladiyus Labib scholarship, 1302
and Isidhurus, 1307
and John XIX, 1351
and Matewos, Ethiopian prelate, 1038
as monk at Dayr al-Baramus, 791
and Petros IV, Ethiopian prelate, 1038
and Sa‘d Mikha’il ‘Abdu, 2073-2074
and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2096
and Timotheos I, 2262
and ‘Urabi’s revolt, 1693
Cyril VI, Patriarch, 679-681, 680, 1621, 1942
and Community Council, 582
dates of patriarchy, 1919
and Dayr Abu Mina, 706-707
and Dayr al-Baramus, 791
and Dayr al-Sultan, 873, 874
on divorce, 1943
early monastic life, 1541
and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 983
and Makari al-Suryani, 2091
and relics of Mark, Apostolic Saint, 1532
and Sarjiyus, Malati, 2097
successors, 1911
Cyril of Alexandria. See Cyril I, Saint and Patriarch
Cyril of Antioch, and hypostasis controversy, 1260
Cyril of Alexandria, Pseudo-. See Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria
Cyril the Father of Reform. See Cyril IV, Patriarch
Cyril the Great. See Cyril I, Saint and Patriarch
Cyril of Jerusalem, Saint, 681-682, 2083
on ablution, 9
on angels, 132
anti-Manichaeism, 1522
on Bacheus, 324
and baptism, 337
on candle use at Easter, 446
on celibacy, 476
cycle of, 667
on Easter designation, 1104
on Eucharist, 1056-1057, 1061
on Gospel of Saint Mark, 1161
on hand position for receiving Eucharist, 1065-1066
on Holy Cross of Christ, 1243, 1244
on homoiousion, 1253
and Judas Cyriacus legend, 1378
on Kiss of Peace, 1416
on prayers for the dead, 889
and rite of baptism, 138
on second marriage, 901, 1545
Cyril Maqar. See Cyril I, Saint and Patriarch
Cyril of Scythopolis, 894, 1560
Cyril the Syrian, Bishop of Jerusalem, 1131
Cyrus, Anba, marital chastity of, 1543
Cyrus (Apa Kir) of Alexandria (martyr), 31, 1554
Cyrus (Apa Kir) of Damanhur (martyr), 688, 1554
Cyrus the Caucasian (Chalcedonian patriarch), 1609, 1666-1667, 1676, 2092
Cyrus al-Muqawqas, 90, 102, 682-683, 1528, 1610
and Arab conquest of Egypt, 184-188
tomb in Alexandria, 94
Cyrus of Phasis, 2241
Czechoslovakia
Coptic collections, 1703
papyrus collections, 1891