Arabic language; Cities and towns; Greek language; Coptic language; Nile River; Christianity; Bishops; Council of Ephesus (431); Arab Conquest of Egypt
Patriarchs and patriarchate; Monasteries; Monks; History of the Patriarchs; Mamluks; Copts; Muslims; Persecution; Agriculture; Muslim converts from Christianity
Patriarchs and patriarchate; Copts; Coptic Church; Monks; Monasteries; Alexandria (Egypt); History of the Patriarchs; Archons; Muslims; Islam; Taxation; ʻUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, Caliph, d. 644; Council of Chalcedon (451)