Crusades; History; Council of Chalcedon (451); Christology; Dioscorus, Patriarch of Alexandria, d. 454; Islam; Jerusalem; Historians; History of the Patriarchs; Patriarchs and patriarchate; Ayyubid dynasty; Fatimid dynasty; Mamluks
'Amr ibn al-'As; Arab Conquest of Egypt; Arabs; Asceticism; Alexandria; Cairo (Egypt); Byzantine Empire; Coptic Church; Heraclius, Emperor of the East, ca. 575-641; History; Chalcedonian Church; Melchite Church; Orthodoxy
Roman Empire; Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260- ca. 340; Persecution; Churches; Jerusalem; Alexandria (Egypt); Fayyūm (Egypt); Patriarchs and patriarchate; Christianity