Crusades; History; Council of Chalcedon (451); Christology; Dioscorus, Patriarch of Alexandria, d. 454; Islam; Jerusalem; Historians; History of the Patriarchs; Patriarchs and patriarchate; Ayyubid dynasty; Fatimid dynasty; Mamluks
Roman Empire; Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260- ca. 340; Persecution; Churches; Jerusalem; Alexandria (Egypt); Fayyūm (Egypt); Patriarchs and patriarchate; Christianity
Jews; Christianity; History; Alexandria (Egypt); Apostles; Asceticism; Coptic Church; Josephus, Flavius; Tertullian, ca. 160- ca. 230; Ignatius, of Antioch, Saint, d. ca. 110