Copts; Politics; Taxation; Mamluks; French; Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821; Cairo (Egypt); Islam; Muslims; Military; Ottoman Empire; Dhimmis; Coptic Church; Patriarchs and patriarchate
Literature; Coptic language; Coptic literature; Copyists; Council of Chalcedon (451); Gnosticism; Gnostic literature; Anthony, of Egypt, Saint, ca. 250-355 or 6; Athanasius, Saint, Patriarch of Alexandria, d. 373.; Nag Hammadi library; Pachomius,...
Turks; Mamluks; Ottoman Empire; Copts; Conversion; Islam; Monks; Monasteries; Taxation; Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821; Roman Catholic Church; Missionaries; Coptic Church; Administration; French language