Copts; Politics; Taxation; Mamluks; French; Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821; Cairo (Egypt); Islam; Muslims; Military; Ottoman Empire; Dhimmis; Coptic Church; Patriarchs and patriarchate
Bishops; Copts; Coptic Church; Jerusalem; French language; Arabic language; Monks; Monasteries; Priests; Churches; Anthony, of Egypt, Saint, ca. 250-355 or 6; Convents; Nile River; World War I