Copts; Ayyubid dynasty; Fatimid dynasty; Politics; Poetry; Coptic Church; Christianity; Islam; Muslims; Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, 1137-1193; Amalric I, King of Jerusalem, 1135-1174; Crusades--Third, 1189-1192; Crusades--Second, 1147-1149;...
Authors; Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, 780-855; Hanbalites; Law and society; Muslims; Islam; Dhimmis; Polemics; Monasteries; Churches; Clothing; Taxation; Politics; Marriage
Arabic language; Cities and towns; Greek language; Coptic language; Nile River; Christianity; Bishops; Council of Ephesus (431); Arab Conquest of Egypt