Scholars; Copts; Muslims; Muslim converts from Christianity; Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821; Ottoman Empire; Mamluks; Muhammad, Ali; French
Turks; Mamluks; Ottoman Empire; Copts; Conversion; Islam; Monks; Monasteries; Taxation; Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821; Roman Catholic Church; Missionaries; Coptic Church; Administration; French language