Authors; Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, 780-855; Hanbalites; Law and society; Muslims; Islam; Dhimmis; Polemics; Monasteries; Churches; Clothing; Taxation; Politics; Marriage
Scholars; Copts; Muslims; Muslim converts from Christianity; Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821; Ottoman Empire; Mamluks; Muhammad, Ali; French
Patriarchs and patriarchate; Copts; Coptic Church; Monks; Monasteries; Alexandria (Egypt); History of the Patriarchs; Archons; Muslims; Islam; Taxation; ʻUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, Caliph, d. 644; Council of Chalcedon (451)